NRLF 


LIBRARY 

OF  THE 

UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


Received  MsA>  '  .  i8o4 

Accession  No.  7  7  3  3  0    •    Cto  No. 


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1896 

•   •   •    ILLUSTRATED    •   •    • 

GENERAL  CATALOGUE 

OF 

THE    BUFFALO 

Horizontal  and  Upright  Steam  Engines, 

Mechanical  Draft  Fans  and  Apparatus, 

Steel  Plate  Steam  and  Pulley  Fans, 

Fan  System  of  Heating,  Ventilating  and  Drying, 
Disk  Ventilating  Fans, 

Blowers  and  Exhausters, 
Manual  Training  School  Outfits, 

Hand  and  Power  Blacksmith  Drills, 

Punch,  Shear  and  Bar  Cutters, 

Tire  Upsetters,  Blacksmith  Tools,  Etc., 

Blacksmith  Hand  Blowers, 
SRSITY  1  Stationary,  Portable  and  Heating  Forges. 


BUFFALO   FORGE   CO. 

BUFFALO,  N.  Y.,  U. 


REGISTERED  CABLE  ADDRESS,  "FORGE." 

LONG  DISTANCE  TELEPHONE  SERVICE. 


BRANCH  STORES  NEW  YORK-  LONDON, 

ANOOFF,CES.. 


"THE    VILLAGE    BLACKSMITH. 


Copyrighted  1896.  by  Buffalo  Forge  Co. 


PREFACE. 

machinery  catalogue,  being  largely  confined  to  mechanical  description  and 
construction,  contains  little  information  valuable  in  engineering  lines ;  and  in  placing  the  output  of  most 
iron  manufactories,  less  illustration  of  application  and  uses  is  required  than  in  the  case  of  air-handling 
apparatus.  While  a  comparison  of  the  present  book  with  the  last  will  indicate  a  marked  advance,  if  the 
progress  of  an  establishment  is  to  be  Judged  solely  by  its  new  catalogues,  as  is  often  wont,  then  this  pub- 
lication falls  far  short  of  fulfilling  that  duty. 

Our  general  catalogue  preceding  this  issue  was  compiled  in  1892.  It  possessed  many 
unique  features,  prominent  among  which  was  the  presentation  of  a  large  amount  of  data  hitherto  unavail- 
able and  relating  mainly  to  the  application  of  Buffalo  Blowers  and  the  Fan  System  of  Heating,  Ventilating 
and  Drying.  Several  large  editions,  duplicate  of  the  original,  have  been  necessitated  to  supply  the  demand 
from  engineers  and  architects  at  home  and  abroad.  Such  marked  favor  naturally  appeals  to  us  to 
further  enhance,  in  a  like  manner,  the  value  of  the  present  work.  The  new  and  original  matter  herewith 
presented  in  forms  of  practical  value,  we  believe  will  accomplish  the  desired  end  admirably. 

The  facts  and  figures  embodied  herein  are  derived  from  actual  installations  of  the  various 
apparatus  to  which  they  relate.  Being  compiled  from  actual  test  records,  they  are  not  to  be  compared 
in  value  with  the  theoretical  calculations  commonly  published ;  such  at  the  best  are  unreliable.  Most 
extensive  experiments,  under  varied  conditions,  involving  the  use  of  the  most  refined  and  accurate  instruments 
at  no  small  outlay,  constitute  the  material  from  which  the  several  tables  and  rules  are  established. 

New  and  extensive  fields  for  Blowers  and  Hot  Blast  Apparatus  constantly  develop. 
Especial  study  of  the  problems  incident  thereto,  with  tests,  are  promptly  begun  and  continued  by  experts 
of  long  experience  until  an  economical  and  reliable  basis  for  calculating  the  proper  sizes  and  applications 
is  reached.  Purchasers  and  engineers  thereby  derive  authentic  information  not  obtainable  elsewhere. 

Many  new  designs  of  the  various  machines  embraced  in  our  output  will  be  noticed,  together 
with  a  number  of  improved  previous  ones.  The  unblushing  copies  from  our  1 892  catalogue  found  in 
manufacturers'  circulars  of  later  date,  are  most  forcible  admissions  of  the  acknowledged  superiority  of 
Buffalo  goods.  Our  entire  time,  with  the  resources  of  a  plant  unequaled  by  any  similar  one  in  the  world, 
either  in  extent  or  completeness  of  equipment,  is  entirely  devoted  to  the  improvement  of  old  and  the  perfection 
of  new  types  in  the  various  lines,  and  to  our  customers'  interests.  The  best  obtainable  grade  of  materials 
and  workmanship,  coupled  with  the  highest  utility  of  design,  have  characterized  the  unparalleled  success  of 
Buffalo  Forges.  In  every  product  of  our  plant  the  same  features  are  paramount.  Content  always  to  let 
our  work  speak  for  itself,  through  the  practical  medium  of  machines  installed,  nothing  further  is  asked  than 
an  unbiased  investigation  of  the  records  made  thereby. 

BUFFALO  FORGE  CO., 

BUFFALO,  N.   Y. 


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Description  of  the   Buffalo   Forge  Co.'s  Works, 

BUFFALO,  N.  Y.,  U.  S.  A. 


ABOUT  BUFFALO.  No  American  city  is  to-day  drawing  an  amount  of  new  capital  and 
industries  equal  to  that  of  Buffalo.  Its  commercial  facilities  are  unexcelled.  26  railroads  enter  the 
city,  with  nearly  700  miles  of  trackage  within  the  limits,  and  250  daily  passenger  trains.  Essentially, 
Buffalo  is  the  eastern  terminus  of  all  the  great  lake  boat  lines,  therefore  it  has  unsurpassed  facilities 
for  transportation  by  water  routes.  Aside  from  natural  advantages,  and  concerning  the  usual  impor- 
tant features  of  a  city,  the  comparative  standing  of  Buffalo  is  very  high,  and  in  many  cases  leads  all 
others.  The  Falls  of  Niagara  stand  perpetually  alone  in  the  world  for  vastness  of  water  and  fall,  and 
the  stupendous  power  consequent  thereto.  They  are  now  harnessed  ready  to  supply  electric  power  at 
low  cost  in  unlimited  amount  along  the  entire  course  of  the  river.  This,  coupled  also  with  cheap  fuel, 
affords  to  Buffalo  manufacturing  advantages  unattainable  elsewhere. 

LOCATION  OF  PLANT.  Less  than  one  mile  from  the  business  center  of  the  city,  the  works 
of  the  Buffalo  Forge  Company  are  situated.  The  space  occupied  constitutes  the  entire  block  bounded 
by  Broadway,  Mortimer,  Tousey  and  Champlin  Streets.  The  Broadway  and  Sycamore  Electric  Railway 
lines  (the  former  being  the  more  direct  route)  afford  ready  access  to  the  plant  from  depots  and  hotels. 

THE  BUILDINGS  AND  THEIR  USES.  In  the  five-story  front,  right-hand  or  southeast  structure, 
Buffalo  Forges,  Hand  Blowers,  Punch,  Shear  and  Bar  Cutters,  Blacksmith  Drills,  Tire  Up-setters, 
Disc  Wheels,  Steel  Pressure  Blowers,  and  "  B  "  Volume  Blowers  and  "  B  "  Exhaust  Fans  are  built. 
The  main  steam  plant  is  located  on  the  ground  floor. 

The  center  front  building  comprises  a  well-arranged  and  convenient  stock  room.  The 
second  floor  constitutes  the  sheet  and  galvanized  iron  department.  Herein  the  majority  of  blast 
wheels  for  the  various  types  of  blowers  and  exhausters  are  made. 

In  the  third  or  southwest  front  building,  are  located  the  spacious  and  convenient  private  offices 
and  counting  rooms.  In  close  touch  with  the  business  department,  are  the  draughting  rooms  and  the 
superintendent's  and  assistants'  offices.  Excepting  the  pattern  shop  on  the  last  floor,  the  balance  is 
used  for  show  rooms.  In  addition  to  the  warehouse  facilities  herein  afforded,  there  is  a  large  one  and 
one-half  story  building,  with  gallery,  on  Spring  Street,  not  illustrated  in  the  accompanying  engraving. 

The  several  one  and  one-half  story  structures  directly  back  of  the  three  front  brick  buildings, 
are  used  for  the  erection  of  heaters,  steel  plate  fans  and  planing  mill  exhausters.  The  facilities  of  this 
department  are  such  as  to  enable  the  testing  of  mammoth  steel  plate  blowers,  30  feet  in  diameter, 
to  their  full  capacity.  In  the  section  where  hot  blast  heaters  are  built,  many  miles  of  pipe  are  consumed 
annually.  Not  infrequently,  a  single  heater  order  requires  from  four  to  six  miles  of  1-inch  pipe,  were 
it  laid  in  single  continuous  lengths.  The  northeast  gallery  type  structure  was  especially  built,  arranged 
and  equipped  for  engine  construction,  with  the  most  modern  and  expensive  tools. 

All  conveniences  incident  to  a  modern  foundry  are  provided  in  the  northwest  corner  building. 
Adjacent  to  the  various  main  buildings  are  pattern  vaults,  blacksmith  shops,  etc.  The  humble 
original  shop  of  this  company  is  still  preserved  ;  a  glance  at  it  and  the  spacious  surrounding  ones 
affords  the  most  vivid  picture  of  the  progress  of  this  industry  that  could  be  presented. 


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10 


Buffalo  Horizontal  Engines, 

With  Single  Cylinder  and  Valve. 


THE  two  forms  of  the  Buffalo  Horizontal  Engine,  illustrated  on  the  preceding  and  following  pages, 
have  been  in  wide  demand  for  years,  for  situations  where  either  a  plain  slide  or  piston-valve 
engine  with  a  throttling  governor  was  desirable.     The  engravings  illustrate  the  design  and  con- 
struction when  first  brought  out.     Naturally  some  few  changes  have  since  been  embodied  where  con- 
tinuous use  under  trying  service -has  indicated  improvement  possible. 

The  size  10  x  10  is  the  largest  built  self-contained  with  overhung  wheel,  as  illustrated  by  cut 
on  page  12.  All  below  this  may  be  furnished  in  the  same  style  or  with  outboard  bearing  like  cut  on 
page  10,  as  may  be  preferred.  Both  of  these  designs  of  engines  are  especially  adapted  for  com- 
paratively high  speeds.  All  sizes  larger  than  10  x  10  of  the  Buffalo  Horizontal  Simple  Engine  are  built 
only  with  outboard  bearing  and  fly  wheel,  as  illustrated  on  the  opposite  page.  The  construction  of 
both  of  these  types  of  horizontal  engines  in  the  main  is  identical  (see  description  on  page  13),  the 
only  variation  being  the  details  incident  to  the  two  forms.  Each  of  these  designs  has  a  running 
record  unsurpassed  by  any  similar  horizontal  engine  upon  the  market,  in  the  important  items  of  steam 
economy,  efficiency,  smooth  running  and  durability. 

The  quality  of  workmanship  and  material,  and  the  general  efficiency  of  the  Buffalo 
Horizontal  Engines  throughout  are  fully  guaranteed. 


TABLE  OF  PRINCIPAL  DIMENSIONS-IN  INCHES. 


CYLINDER 

j 
Revs.     .  5°™eV 

FLY  WHEELS           STEAM  PIPE 

CRANK  PIN 

SHAFT  JOURNAL 

Shipping 
Weight 

1400 

Diam., 
in  Inches 

Stroke, 
in  Inches 

Diam.. 
in  Inches 

Face, 
in  Inches 

Supply, 
in  Inches 

Exhaust, 
in  Inches 

Diam.,    ,   Length, 
in  Inches.in  Inches 

Diam., 
in  Inches 

Length, 
in  Inches 

5 

7 

350          10 

30 

5 

1* 

IX 

1  7/                 J 

2X 

40 

6^ 

8 

325          17 

36 

6              \/2 

2 

2               2/2 

2V2 

48 

1700 

8 

10 

300         30 

48 

8 

2/2 

323 

3/2 

54 

2100 

10 

10 

275          42 

48 

8 

3 

3/2          2/2            3 

3/2 

-54 

2400 

10 

12 

250         49 

54 

10            3 

3/2          2^            3 

4/2 

66 

3400 

12 

12 

250          65 

60 

12            3/2 

4             3X            3% 

5 

77           4700 

12 

14 

225          70 

60 

14            3/2 

4             3/2            3% 

.5 

77           5000 

12 

16 

200          72 

72 

14 

3'X 

4             3/2            3% 

6 

77 

6000 

Buffalo   Horizontal  Engine, 

With  Single  Cylinder  and  Valve,  Self-contained  Type. 


Engraving  Exact  Reproduction  from  a  Photograph  Taken 
of  the  8  x  10  Size. 


Buffalo   Horizontal   Engines, 

With  Single  Cylinder  and  Valve,  Self-contained  and  Side-crank  Types. 


A   LTHOUGH   the  engines  shown  by  the  two  preceding  engravings  were  designed  with  especial 
f\      reference  to  driving  fans,  we  can  confidently  recommend  them  for  any  use  requiring  a  first- 
class  simple  engine  of  the  sizes  listed. 

The  Buffalo  Horizontal  Engine,  illustrated  on  page  12,  is  self-contained.  The  frame  may  be 
styled  a  combination  of  the  tangye  and  girder  types,  and  the  distribution  of  metal  throughout  is  such 
as  to  give  ample  rigidity.  Motion  of  the  valve  is  derived  by  means  of  a  ram  and  box  coupled  direct 
to  the  eccentric  with  only  one  joint,  which  is  adjustable  for  wear.  The  cylinder  is  designed  to  give 
the  highest  efficiency  with  minimum  condensation.  It  is  bolted  to  the  frame,  and  the  front  head  is 
cast  as  a  part  of  it,  the  stuffing  box  being  forced  in.  The  crosshead  is  fitted  with  a  tapered  hardened 
wrist  pin,  and  the  connecting  rod  has  a  wedge  adjustment  at  both  ends.  The  crank  pin  is  furnished 
with  babbitt-lined  brass  boxes  ;  the  crosshead  pin  has  solid  phosphor-bronze  bearings.  The  crank 
disc  is  of  cast  iron,  shrunk  on  the  shaft  and  keyed.  The  pin  is  forced  into  the  disc  by  a  unique 
method,  which  insures  it  being  perfectly  parallel  with  the  shaft,  and  this  projects  beyond 
the  bearing  to  receive  the  fly  wheel,  as  shown.  To  prevent  cutting,  the  eccentric  which 
is  of  cast  iron,  has  a  babbitt-lined  eccentric  strap,  and  the  rod  is  so  secured  to  the  strap  as  to 
permit  of  changing  the  valve  position  without  removing  the  cover.  The  ram  has  large  wearing 
surfaces,  and  is  fitted  with  hardened  steel  pins,  the  distance  between  centers  being  such  as  to  prevent 
undue  vibration  of  the  valve  rod.  The  valve  is  of  the  piston  type,  and  carefully  ground  to  fit  its 
cages.  To  prevent  corrosion,  brass  glands  are  provided  for  the  stuffing  boxes.  The  fly  wheel  is 
heavy,  to  secure  steady  running.  All  reciprocating  parts  are  counterbalanced.  The  cylinder,  valve 
and  piston  are  made  of  special  metal,  insuring  a  uniform  wearing  of  parts. 

Our  attention  has  been  called  to  a  number  of  the  Buffalo  Horizontal  Self-contained  Engines, 
which  have  been  run  for  months  without  internal  lubrication.  The  cylinder  design  and  method  of 
securing  frame  ensure  perfect  alignment,  at  the  same  time  preventing  leakage  at  the  joints.  No 
wrought  iron  is  used  in  any  part.  Means  for  adjustment  are  provided  at  all  wearing  surfaces.  The 
lubrication  is  positive  under  any  speed. 

As  will  be  observed  by  the  engraving  on  page  10,  these  horizontal  engines  are  also  built 
and  furnished  with  outer  bearings  and  fly  wheels.  The  general  points  of  construction  and  material  are 
similar  to  the  self-contained  engines  described  in  full  above.  Very  largely,  the  durability  of  an  engine 
is  dependent  upon  the  simplicity  of  its  construction,  and  the  Buffalo  Horizontal  Engines  upon  this 
point  have  distinct  advantages  in  their  favor.  From  the  erection  floor,  every  engine  goes  to  the 
testing  room,  where  it  is  piped  to  steam  at  the  pressure  under  which  it  is  to  operate,  run  continuously 
under  conditions  of  regular  service,  valve  set  by  indicator,  and  otherwise  thoroughly  inspected.  Each 
engine  is  supplied  with  a  full  complement  of  sight-feed  oilers,  and  necessary  wrenches,  suitable  for 
every  bolt  and  nut  thereon.  Where  these  engines  are  used  for  supplying  power  for  various 
machinery,  and  whenever  required,  they  are  furnished  with  a  standard  governor  of  approved  design. 
For  table  of  detailed  dimensions,  horse-power,  etc.,  of  the  different  sizes,  see  page  1 1. 

13 


Buffalo  Automatic  Cut-off  Engine, 

Horizontal  Type  on  Cast  Iron  Sub-base. 


Class  "  B,"  Center  Crank,  with  Single  Valve. 
Back  Side  View,  Showing  Plain  Pulley. 


Buffalo  Automatic  Cut-off  Engines, 

Class  "B,"  Horizontal  Center-crank  Type. 


THE  Buffalo  Automatic  Cut-off  Horizontal  Center-crank  Engines  are  built  in  two  styles:     Class 
"A,"  self-oiling  and  enclosed,  described  and  illustrated  on  the  thirteen  succeeding  pages,  and 
Class  "  B  "  by  the  cut  opposite  and  the  matter  below.     The  former,  as  will  be  seen  by  the 
details  presented,  is  designed  solely  for  the  highest  class  service  required  in  steam  engineering.     The 
wide  demand  for  an  engine  of  moderate  cost,  affording  speed  regulation  equally  close  to  that  of  the 
most  expensive,  together  with  positive  reliability,  has  induced  us  to  offer  the  latter. 

As  a  comparison  of  the  engraving  on  the  preceding  page  with  those  on  pages  16  and  20  will 
clearly  show,  the  frame,  sub-base  and  general  appearance  of  the  two  engine  classes  are  identical. 
The  description  and  construction  details  of  the  Class  "A"  type,  therefore,  will  suffice  for  Class  "  B," 
with  the  exception  that  it  should  be  observed  the  latter  does  not  run  in  oil,  is  furnished  without 
polished  bed,  with  cast  steel  connecting  rod,  the  crank  shaft  and  crosshead  being  of  gun  metal  unless 
otherwise  specified  in  ordering.  The  workmanship,  finish  and  materials  of  the  working  parts  of  this 
engine  in  all  other  details  outside  of  the  above  exemplify  the  most  approved  methods  of  nicety  in 
engine  building.  Continuous  oilers  of  large  capacity  and  approved  make  are  supplied  for  all  recipro- 
cating parts.  No  special  table  of  dimensions  of  the  Class  "  B  "  type  is  herewith  presented  for  the 
reason  that  the  one  appearing  on  page  27  for  the  Class  "A"  type  gives  all  needed  measurements  for 
this  design.  These  engines  may  be  furnished  with  one  or  two  pulleys,  as  may  be  ordered.  The 
Class  "  B  "  Buffalo  Center-crank  Horizontals  may  be  supplied  with  the  Gardner,  Judson  or  other 
standard  throttling  governors,  where  desired.  Inquiries  for  prices  on  the  center-crank  engines  with 
throttling  governors  should  specify  the  make,  if  there  be  any  choice. 

The  Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Ventilating  and  Heating  is  not  only  used  for  mills,  factories, 
etc.,  but  scarcely  any  of  the  magnificent  public  buildings  are  now  built  without  this  system  is  intro- 
duced to  all  portions  that  it  is  feasible  to  heat  and  ventilate  in  this  manner.  As  a  feature  of  con- 
venience, a  separate  engine  for  driving  the  fan  is  almost  invariably  employed.  Whether  direct  con- 
nected to  the  shaft  of  the  fan,  or  belted  to  it,  the  engine  in  steam  economy  and  smooth  running  must 
be  far  superior  to  those  of  similar  size  manufactured  for  general  power  purposes,  at  the  same  time 
with  not  too  great  an  advance  of  cost.  These  points  are  fully  embodied  in  the  Class  "  B." 

LOW-PRESSURE  ENGINES.  For  schools,  churches  and  similar  buildings,  where  the  entire 
heating  system  is  essentially  operated  under  low  pressure,  we  manufacture  a  line  of  low-pressure 
engines  of  the  center-crank  type,  both  with  automatic  and  throttling  governors.  While  the  require- 
ments ordinarily  are  to  run  a  steam  pressure  of  from  10  to  20  Ibs.,  many  of  the  Buffalo  engines  in 
low-pressure  plants  are  regularly  operated  with  only  5  Ibs.  of  steam  excepting  in  extreme  weather. 
As  is  well  known,  the  highest  steam  economy  occurs  in  engines  running  under  comparatively  high 
pressure;  but  in  buildings  of  the  above  class,  the  exhaust  steam  being  utilized  in  the  heater  in 
heating  the  building,  this  is  a  factor  of  small  consideration.  The  fan  engine  exhaust  never  exceeds  in 
volume  the  amount  of  steam  required  to  heat  the  building.  A  list  of  sizes  of  both  the  low-pressure 
upright  and  horizontal  engines  will  be  found  on  succeeding  pages. 


Buffalo  Automatic  Cut-off  Engine, 


Horizontal  Type  on  Cast  Iron  Sub-base. 


Class  "A,"  Center  Crank,  with  Single  Valve. 
Front  Side  View,  Showing  Governor  and  Steam  Chest. 


16 


Buffalo  Automatic  Cut-off  Engines, 

Class  "A,"  Horizontal  Center-crank  Type. 


TO-DAY'S  requirements  in  steam  engineering,  particularly  for  the  electrical  trade,  demand  unvary- 
ing high  rotative  speed,  short  stroke  and  self-contained  construction.  This  further  means  a 
maximum  horse-power  in  a  minimum  floor  space.  Economy  in  dynamo  driving,  be  the  service 
for  electric  lighting  or  power  purposes,  is  chiefly  dependent  upon  perfect  speed  regulation.  In  this,  the 
Class  "A,"  Buffalo  Center-crank  Horizontal  Engines  afford  the  highest  refinement  attainable. 
The  following  description  illustrates  the  prevailing  nicety  of  treatment  of  construction  details. 

SUB-BASE.  Each  Class  "A"  Engine,  whether  direct  coupled  to  a  generator  or  used  separ- 
ately, is  provided  with  a  heavy  cast  iron  base,  in  form  harmonizing  with  the  frame.  The  usual 
foundation  cap-stone  may  be  dispensed  with,  as  the  base  affords  a  substantial  finish  to  the  brick 
coursing  of  proper  height  for  ample  floor  clearage  of  the  wheels. 

THE  FRAME  is  of  the  center-crank  style,  with  bored  guides  and  overhanging  cylinder  cast  on. 
It  is  of  massive  and  compact  build,  an  unusual  amount  of  metal  being  introduced  into  the  upper 
part,  thus  avoiding  any  perceptible  spring,  no  matter  how  great  the  strain  may  be.  As  the  detailed 
sectional  engravings  on  pages  24  and  26  show,  the  frame  arrangement  is  such  that  oil  wasted  from  the 
bearings  ultimately  returns  to  the  crank  pit.  From  this  it  may  be  drawn  and  filtered  for  further  use. 

GOVERNOR.  Action  simultaneous  with  the  load  is  the  prime  feature  of  value  in  a  governor, 
and  upon  simplicity  does  its  attainment  largely  depend.  Careful  examination,  as  well  as  results,  show 
that  this  is  hereby  brought  to  the  finest  point  which  can  be  reached  in  any  governor.  There  are  four 
adjustments  :  First,  by  tightening  the  spring  ;  second,  by  moving  spring  ;  third,  the  slotted  arm  (shown 
by  the  special  engraving)  ;  fourth,  by  moving  the  weight  on  lever.  The  action  of  all  automatic 
governors  in  controlling  the  speed  of  an  engine  is  quite  similar,  and  in  this  no  claim  is  made  for 
peculiar  features.  Upon  the  special  arrangement  of  the  spring  attachment  and  methods  of  counter- 
balancing the  eccentric  and  its  accessories,  exclusive  patents  have  been  obtained,  covering  these 
points  so  vital  to  a  fine  speed  regulation.  It  will  be  observed  that  the  second  governor  adjustment 
above  referred  to  is  secured  by  means  of  a  steel  box  with  pivoted  washers  cast  on  the  arm  of  the 
wheel,  so  arranged  that  the  spring  attachment  may  be  moved  up  or  down  in  the  notches  provided. 
A  distinguishing  feature  of  this  governor  is  the  perfectly  lubricated  parts.  Herein  others  are  sadly 
defective,  and  without  considerable  attention  will  ultimately  rust  fast,  rendering  the  governor  useless. 
While  the  ordinary  grease  cups  are  provided,  instead  of  depending  wholly  upon  them,  self-feeding 
oilers  are  placed  on  all  pins,  insuring  positive  lubrication.  This  detail  has  received  much  commenda- 
tion from  leading  steam  engine  authorities,  as  its  value  is  at  once  recognized.  That  the  lead  of  this 

17 


Buffalo  Automatic  Cut-off  Engine, 

Horizontal  Type  on  Cast  Iron  Sub-base. 


Class  "A,"  Center  Crank,  with  Single  Valve. 
Rear  End  View,  Showing  Patented  Oil-tight  Hood. 


18 


Buffalo  Automatic  Cut-off  Engines, 

Class  "  A,"  Horizontal  Center-crank  Type — Continued. 

engine  is  precisely  the  same  under  different  points  of  cut-off,  with  all  variations  of  load,  is  especially 
noteworthy.  It  is  distinctively  a  unique  and  most  valuable  point  attained  in  no  other  engine. 

VALVE.  Owing  to  the  difference  of  opinion  and  preference  among  engineers  of  established 
standing,  concerning  the  two  valve  types  in  general  use,  /'.  e.  slide  and  piston,  and  the  fact  that  each 
possesses  individual  merit,  we  produce  a  design  of  each,  believing  both  to  embody  superior  points  of 
value.  The  Buffalo  slide  valve  is  perfectly  balanced,  rectangular  in  shape,  with  three  openings  through 
it.  It  is  of  uniform  thickness,  quite  thin,  and  flat  on  its  two  sides.  The  space  in  which  it  works  is 
formed  by  the  valve  seat,  and  a  pressure  plate  with  two  distance  pieces  placed  below  and  above. 
The  balanced  piston  type  is  provided  with  a  piston  at  each  end,  cast  hollow  to  reduce  weight  and 
avoid  bearing  down  on  the  steam  chest,  which  is  furnished  with  cages.  Snap  rings,  fitted  identical  to 
the  packing  rings  of  piston  described  below,  are  used.  With  either  valve  type,  provision  is  made  for 
easy  removal,  adjustment,  and  ample  relief  of  over-pressure  by  water  in  cylinder.  Drawings  illustrating 
full  details  of  the  arrangement  of  each  will  be  submitted  to  intending  purchasers  where  requested. 

THE  VALVE  MOTION  on  this  engine  embodies  many  advantages  over  horizontal  or  vertical 
ones,  or  the  rocker  arm  or  ball-bearing  arrangements  used  in  other  engines.  It  is  derived  by  means 
of  an  eccentric  which  carries  the  valve  rod  in  a  straight  line,  and  is  provided  with  means  for  adjust- 
ing any  wear.  The  eccentric  rod  is  connected  to  a  ram  box  by  bronze  bearings,  and  to  the  strap  by 
two  jam  nuts.  The  eccentric  strap  is  oiled  from  a  lubricator  placed  on  a  post  on  the  top  of  the  bed. 
The  eccentric  rod  has  but  two  bearings,  a  direct  line  passing  through  center  of  same,  and  they  are 
coupled  from  the  eccentric  rod  to  a  ram  box  bolted  to  the  steam  chest  hood,  insuring  strength, 
rigidity  and  the  utmost  simplicity.  This  positively  eliminates  any  twisting  strain  on  either  of  the 
bearings.  Original  indicator  cards  will  be  mailed  to  intending  purchasers. 

CYLINDER.  All  aje  bored  to  standard  sizes.  The  light  piston  used  reduces  the  wear  in 
cylinder  to  a  minimum  and  renders  the  least  liability  to  cut,  should  it  accidentally  become  dry.  Instead 
of  bolting  a  separate  head  between  the  frame  and  cylinder,  as  is  commonly  done,  the  head  is  cast  so 
as  to  form  a  part  of  the  cylinder.  This  affords  ease  of  alignment,  fewer  pieces,  less  joints 
and  manifestly  a  neater  job.  In  this  construction,  the  smallest  possible  amount  of  heat  is  conducted 
to  the  engine  frame.  A  handsome,  highly-finished  corrugated  jacket  covers  the  cylinder,  with  a  dead 
air  space  between.  To  make  the  jacketing  complete,  the  head  is  also  provided  with  an  air  space. 

THE  PISTON  consists  of  a  single  casting  cored  very  thin.  A  taper  fit,  shrunk  together  and 
riveted,  secures  it  to  the  rod.  Except  by  breakage,  it  cannot  come  off.  While  light,  the  piston  is 
thoroughly  braced,  and  is  sufficiently  strong  for  any  reasonable  strain.  The  packing  consists  of  two  or 
more  rings  turned  larger  than  the  cylinder  and  cut  to  an  angle  of  45°.  They  are  then  sprung  together 

19 


Buffalo  Automatic  Cut-off  Engine, 

Horizontal  Type  on  Cast  Iron  Sub-base. 


Class  "A,"  Center  Crank,  with  Single  Valve. 


View  Showing  the  Great  Compactness  and  Solidity  of  Design. 


20 


Buffalo  Automatic  Cut-off  Engines, 

Class  "A,"   Horizontal  Center-crank  Type — Continued. 

by  a  special  device,  and  turned  to  the  exact  cylinder  diameter.  They  may  be  easily  renewed. 
THE  CROSSHEAD.  The  cuts  on  pages  24  and  28  clearly  illustrate  the  construction.  It  is 
fitted  with  cast  shoes  filled  with  best  babbitt  metal,  peined  in,  and  then  turned  to  a  perfect  fit  in 
the  guides.  The  large  area  and  superior  metal  used  in  the  slides,  together  with  perfect  lubrication, 
render  adjustment  of  the  guides  rarely  necessary.  Should  lost  motion  occur,  provision  is  made  for 
this  being  taken  up  in  the  wedge  adjustment  on  the  shoes,  as  is  shown  by  the  detailed  engraving. 
This  may  be  done  without  taking  off  the  shoes  or  disturbing  any  other  part  of  the  engine..  It  is  far 
superior  to  thin  sheets  of  metal  or  paper  placed  between  the  crosshead  and  the  lower  slide.  The 
mere  fact  that  an  engine  runs  in  oil  does  not  solve  the  entire  problem  of  properly  lubricating  all 
internal  parts.  Positive  oiling  of  the  crosshead  pins  is  not  secured  in  any  other  of  the  so-called 
self-oiling  engines.  We  provide  an  admirable  arrangement,  /.  e.,  a  special  cup  with  a  concave  lip,  so 
that  the  oil  cannot  shake  out  by  continuous  action,  but  on  the  other  hand  fills  at  each  revolution. 

CONNECTING  ROD.  The  connecting  rod  is  of  forged  steel.  It  is  mortised  at  the  crosshead 
end  for  the  solid  bronze  metal  boxes.  A  wedge  adjustment,  moved  by  an  adjusting  screw  on  top  of 
the  rod,  is  employed,  and  also  at  the  crank  end,  which  is  of  the  locomotive  type.  The  dimensions  of 
the  bearings  of  the  connecting  rod  are  most  generous,  and  the  rod  is  of  ample  length  between  centers. 

THE  CRANK  SHAFT  is  a  single  steel  forging  of  the  finest  open-hearth  steel.  Double  cast 
iron  discs,  carrying  the  counterbalance  weights,  are  permanently  secured  to  the  crank  forging.  The 
unusually  large  and  long  shaft  and  crank  pin  bearings  deserve  particular  comment.  Their  journals 
are  finished  by  lead  lapping  or  grinding.  The  accuracy  of  finish  and  alignment  uniformly  attained 
in  these  three  most  important  bearings  of  an  engine  is  of  the  highest  order.  Any  tendency  to  spring 
the  shafts  cannot  exist,  as  the  length  of  the  main  bearings  is  greater  than  the  distance  between  them. 
This  also  affords  little  chance  for  wear  when  belting  from  one  fly  wheel  only.  The  counter  weights 
of  the  crank  are  absolutely  correct,  and,  without  bolting  down,  these  engines  will  run  at  the  highest 
speed  without  moving  from  their  position  upon  an  oily  foundation  bed. 

MAIN  BEARINGS.  The  main  bearings  are  cast  so  as  to  form  a  part  of  the  bed,  and  are  set 
at  an  angle  of  45°.  They  are  lined  with  the  best  babbitt  metal,  peined  in,  and  then  bored  on  a 
special  boring  mill  to  uniform  sizes,  thereby  being  made  perfectly  in  line  and  square  with  the  cylinder. 
Notwithstanding  the  load  must  always  cause  a  slight  springing  of  the  shafts,  though  imperceptible,  a 
full  and  perfect  bearing  is  insured  by  the  above.  A  close  observation  of  the  engraving  will  show  that 
both  main  bearings  and  all  parts  are  kept  filled  with  oil,  even  if  the  engine  be  used  on  shipboard  or 
other  locations  where  it  does  not  always  set  level. 


Buffalo  Automatic  Cut-off  Engine, 


Horizontal  Type  on  Cast  Iron  Sub-base. 


Class  "A,"  Center  Crank,  with  Single  Valve. 

Back  Side  View,  Showing  Removable  Side  Plate  and  Direct 
Connected  Generator. 


Buffalo  Automatic  Cut-off  Engines, 

Class  "A,"  Horizontal  Center-crank  Type — Continued. 

LUBRICATION.  The  desirable  features  of  an  automatically  lubricated  engine  requiring  no 
adjustment  with  the  variable  temperatures  and  conditions  of  oil,  need  no  emphasis.  This  result  can 
only  be  secured  by  running  the  engine  in  oil,  dispensing  with  all  feasible  oil  cups.  That  the  entire 
oiling  system  be  of  the  most  positive  order  is  of  supreme  importance.  We  invite  the  most  critical 
inspection  of  every  detail,  which  we  guarantee  to  be  absolutely  positive  and  perfect.  The  crank 
discs  are  covered  by  a  light  dust-proof  hood,  fitted  to  the  top  of  the  engine  frame,  entirely  without 
bolts  or  other  fastenings  of  any  description.  This  hood  is  built  in  a  unique  form,  and  unlike  others  is 
really  oil-tight.  It  is  readily  removable.  An  oil-tight  side  plate  encloses  the  crosshead  and  guides, 
and  affords  ready  access  thereto.  The  fastenings  consist  of  cap  screws,  which  are  far  superior  to 
cam  handles,  as  the  oil  is  always  oozing  from  the  latter.  No  oil  can  possibly  get  to  the  belts  or  floor. 
The  unique  construction  of  main  bearings  ensures  a  minimum  amount  being  drawn  to  the  fly  wheels, 
and  any  oil  finally  escaping  is  caught  and  held  by  the  flanges  thereon.  All  particles  of  sand  and  dirt  are 
removed  from  the  inside  of  the  engine  bed,  and  portions  that  oil  comes  in  contact  with  are  pickled 
with  sulphuric  acid  and  thoroughly  cleaned.  Centrifugal  force,  derived  by  the  motion  of  the  discs, 
delivers  the  oil  into  oil  cups  and  main  bearings.  It  is  then  forced  to  the  crank  shaft  bearings  and 
returned  to  the  oil  chamber  under  the  crank  disc,  as  clearly  shown  by  cuts  on  pages  24  and  26. 
The  holes  through  which  the  oil  passes  to  the  crank  are  one-half  inch  in  diameter ;  therefore  not 
easily  stopped  up.  They  are  straight  throughout  their  length,  to  permit  of  their  being  conveniently 
cleaned.  The  amber  color  of  good  engine  oil,  after  continued  use  in  the  enclosure,  is  always  a  subject 
of  comment.  A  sight-feed  lubricator,  of  large  capacity  and  approved  make,  is  supplied  for  oiling  the 
cylinder  and  valve.  All  cups  and  other  brass  work  about  the  engine  are  finished  and  nickel  plated. 
Note  that  only  enough  oil  should  be  supplied  that  the  crank  disc  will  dip  about  an  inch  into  it.  A 
greater  quantity  is  not  desirable,  as  it  will  cause  a  churning  action.  The  oiling  system  in  this  engine 
is  most  cleanly  and  thoroughly  efficient. 

DRAIN  COCKS.  Both  cylinder  ends  and  the  steam  chest  are  provided  .with  nickel  drain 
cocks,  also  the  oil  chamber  underneath  the  crank  discs.  The  cylinder  valves  are  of  Jenkins  Bros, 
make  and  highly  finished. 

ACCESSORIES.  A  complete  set  of  wrenches  accompanies  each  engine,  also  a  finished 
wrench  board  for  mounting,  together  with  foundation  bolts,  anchor  plates,  finished  capped  nuts  and 
a  cylinder  lubricator  of  approved  make.  A  throttle  valve,  manufactured  especially  for  the  Buffalo 
Class  "  A  "  Engine,  is  also  supplied.  After  a  careful  examination  of  the  various  ones  in  use,  this 
was  selected  as  the  best  obtainable. 


Buffalo  Automatic  Cut-off  Engine, 

Horizontal  Type  on  Cast  Iron  Sub-base. 


Class  "A,"  Center  Crank,  with  Single  Valve. 

Side  Section  View,  Showing  Self-oiling  Feature,  Cylinder,  Crank  Pin  and 

Crosshead  Details. 


Buffalo  Automatic  Cut-off  Engines, 

Horizontal  Center-crank  Type,  Classes  "A"  and  "  B." 


TABLE  OF  DIMENSIONS  AND  POWERS,   HIGH-PRESSURE  ENGINES. 


CYLINDER 

FLY  WHEELS 

PIPES 

Diam. 
of  Shaft, 
in  Inches 

Weight 
Floor  Space         without 
Required,        Sub-base, 
in  Inches           in  Lbs. 

Revolutions 
per  Minute 

Horse-power 
at  K  Cut-off 
and  80  Lbs. 
Steam 
Pressure 

Diam., 
in  Inches 

Stroke, 
in  Inches  in 

Diam.,         Face, 
Inches  in  Inches 

Steam,      Exhaust, 
n  Inches  in  Inches 

6 

8 

40 

6/2 

2 

2/2                    3/2 

38  x   62             3000 

350  to  400 

16  to     19 

7 

8 

40 

6/2 

2 

2/2           3  '/2 

38  x    62            3200 

350  to  400 

22  to    25 

8 

8 

40 

8/2 

2/2 

3               3*4 

38  x    62            4000 

300  to  350 

24  to    29 

8 

10 

48 

8/2 

2'/2 

3               4/2 

42  x  100            4900 

300  to  350 

31  to    35 

9 

10 

48 

9/2 

3 

3/2 

4/2 

48x100 

6000 

300  to  350 

38  to    45 

10 

10 

48 

9/2 

3 

3/2 

4</2 

48x100 

6200 

300  to  350 

48  to    56 

10 

12 

54 

W/2 

3 

3/2 

5 

54  x  114 

7000 

250  to  300 

49  to    58 

11 

12 

54 

io# 

3/2 

4 

5 

54  x  114 

7700 

250  to  300 

58  to    69 

12 

12 

60 

10/2 

3/2 

4 

5 

54  x  114 

8500 

250  to  300 

69  to    80 

13 

12 

60 

W/2 

3/2 

4 

5 

54  x  1  14 

8600 

250  to  300 

80  to  100 

12 

14 

60 

10/2 

3/2 

4 

6 

54  x  114 

8900 

250  to  275 

81  to    90 

13 

14 

72 

\2'/2 

5 

6 

6 

60  x  133 

13600 

250  to  275 

95  to  110 

14 

14 

72 

\2/2 

5 

6 

6/2 

60  x  133 

15000 

250  to  275 

111  to  122 

14     . 

15 

72 

\2/2 

5 

6 

6/2 

60x133 

15200 

260  to  275 

119  to  130 

15 

15 

72 

\2/2 

6 

7 

6'/2 

60  x  133 

20000 

250  to  275 

135  to  154 

TABLE  OF  DIMENSIONS  AND  POWERS,   LOW-PRESSURE  ENGINES. 


CYLINDER              FLY  WHEELS 

PIPES 

Diam. 
of  Shaft, 
in  Inches 

Floor  Space 
Required, 
in  Inches 

Weight 
without 
Sub-base, 
in  Lbs. 

Revolutions 
per  Minute 

Horse-power 
at  20  Lbs. 
Steam 
Pressure 

Diam., 
in  Inches 

Stroke,        Diam., 
in  Inches  in  Inches 

Face, 
in  Inches 

Steam, 
in  Inches 

Exhaust, 
in  Inches 

10 

8              40 

8l/2 

3 

3/2 

3/2 

38  x    62 

4000 

175  to  250 

9  to  13 

12 

8             40 

9>/2 

3/2 

4               4/2 

48  x  100 

4200 

175  to  250 

14  to  19 

12 

10             48 

9</2 

3>/, 

4               4>/2 

48  x  100            6350 

150  to  225 

14  to  22 

15 

8             48 

9/2 

3/2 

4               4/2 

48  x  100 

6550 

150  to  225 

19  to  29 

15             10             48 

9/2 

3/2           4 

4^ 

48  x  100 

7000 

150  to  225 

24  to  36 

Before  leaving  the  works,  each  engine  governor  will  be  adjusted  to  maintain  a  constant  speed 
at  any  stated  number  of  revolutions  per  minute  between  the  minimum  and  maximum  above.  If  a 
desired  belt  velocity  is  given,  the  speed  will  be  suited  to  it  with  the  diameter  of  pulleys  listed  for  the 
respective  engines.  Under  a  special  agreement  with  purchasers,  their  engines  may  be  equipped  with 
different  sizes  of  fly  wheels  than  above  given,  and  they  are  requested  to  specify  with  order  the  desired 
speed.  All  horizontal  engines  are  regularly  furnished  to  run  over,  /'.  e.,  the  top  of  fly-wheel  pulleys 
moves  away  from  cylinder.  For  electrical  work,  state  system  (arc  or  incandescent),  name  of  dynamo, 
manufacturer  and  capacity.  For  direct  connection,  an  arrangement  for  the  usual  special  sub-base 
must  be  made,  and  detailed  drawings  of  the  generator  supplied. 

LOW-PRESSURE  ENGINES  may  be  furnished  with  automatic  governors  which  will  regulate 
perfectly  at  ordinary  speeds,  or  where  preferred,  with  approved  forms  of  throttling  governors. 


Buffalo  Automatic  Cut-off  Engine, 

Horizontal  Type  on  Cast  Iron  Sub-base. 


Class  "A,"  Center  Crank,  with  Single  Valve. 
View  of  Cross  Section  Through  Main  Bearings,  Showing  Methods  of  Lubrication. 


Buffalo  Automatic  Cut-off  Engines, 


Classes  "A"  and  "  B,"  and  Low-pressure  Horizontal  Center-crank  Type. 


TABLE  OF  PRINCIPAL  DIMENSIONS— IN  INCHES. 


1 

1 

PIPES 

Diam. 

Engine 

A 

fc 

F        G 

H 

I 

J 

K 

L 

M 

N 

0 

P 

R 

T 

Steam, 

Exhaust 

Bolts  for 
Founda- 

1 

in  Inch. 

in  Inch. 

tion 

6x     8 

66% 

18 

15%,  9 

1M 

21 

20 

6% 

8 

40 

19^ 

19K 

153/ 

isx 

36 

2 

2/2 

X 

7x     8 

66% 

18 

15#    9 

1^ 

21 

20 

6/2 

8 

40 

19}<j  19X 

153/ 

\sx 

36 

2 

2/2 

X 

8x    8 

66% 

18 

\5%    9 

1^ 

21 

20      8% 

8 

40 

19><    WY* 

153/   15% 

36 

2/2 

3 

X 

8x  10 

83% 

21  X 

20/2  \\y2 

3X 

29 

24 

Q/2 

11 

48 

23ft  247/s 

\97/8     18ft 

40 

2/2 

3 

H 

9x  10 

83^ 

21^ 

20/2    \\/2 

3X 

29 

24 

9K 

11 

48    233^!24^ 

19^ 

18ft 

40 

3/2 

H 

10  x  10 

83% 

21tf 

20y2\\y2 

3^ 

29 

24      9/2 

11 

48 

23ft\247/s    197/s 

183/8 

40!    3 

3>/2 

7A 

10  x  12 

108^ 

30  3/ 

27%  13H 

3^ 

34^ 

27     \0)4 

12^ 

54    28' 

293^  233/ 

22 

52 

3 

3/2 

i 

11  x  12 

\08/2 

30  X 

27%  13ft 

3^ 

34^ 

27     10K 

123/i  54   28 

293/12334' 

22 

52 

3/2 

4 

i 

12  x  12 

\08y2 

303^ 

27%  133/8 

3^ 

34^ 

30     10^   123^:    60    28 

293^  233/ 

22 

52 

3/2 

4 

i 

13  x  12 

108/2 

30% 

27%  13ft    3% 

34^ 

30 

10J^    123^    60^28 

29^!233/ 

22 

52      3^2 

4 

i 

12  x  14 

123ft 

29/2 

33ft  \S%\4X 

40 

30 

10^    143^    60    32 

30 

25 

23 

60 

3/2 

4 

1^ 

13x  14 

123/g    29^ 

33ft  15% 

4^    40 

36 

12^    143/!  72    32 

30 

25 

23 

60      5' 

6 

1^ 

14x  14 

123/8    29/2 

33ft  15% 

4j/    40 

36 

\2/2    143/    72    32 

30 

25 

23 

60      5 

6 

i}i 

i4x  15 

123ft    29/2 

33ft  15%    4%    40 

36 

\2V2\  14%\  72    32 

30 

25 

23 

60      5 

6 

1$ 

ISx  15 

125       29)4 

33ft\S%    4%    40 

36 

12/21  \4% 

72 

32 

30 

25 

23 

60 

6 

7 

iy& 

10  x    8 

66%    18 

\5%    9        1%    21 

27 

8>/2     8        40    1954: 

19^ 

153/ 

153/ 

36      3 

3/2 

x 

12  x    8 

83^    21  X 

20/2    H/2 

3X    29 

27 

9/2    11        40    233^ 

24^ 

\97/s 

183/6 

40      3/2 

4 

H 

12  x  10 

83^    21  X 

20/2ll/2    3X    29 

27 

9'/2\  11        48    2334 

24^ 

W/s 

18341 

40 

3/2 

4 

% 

15x    8 

83^    21  tf 

20^:11^    3%    29 

27 

9)41  11        48    233^ 

24^ 

19% 

183/8 

40 

3/2 

4 

7/8 

15x10      83%    21  % 

20^1  IK    3%    29 

27 

9/2'  11        48 

24ft 

25^   19^ 

183/8 

40      3/2 

4 

# 

27 


Buffalo  Automatic  Cut-off  Engine, 

Class  "A,"  Horizontal  Type.     Details  of  Parts. 


Section  of  Crosshead. 


Crosshead  and  Device  for  Oiling  Pin. 


Buffalo  Automatic  Governor. 


28 


Buffalo  Automatic  Cut-off  Engines, 

Classes  "A"  and  "  B,"  Horizontal  Center-crank  Type. 


TABLE   OF    HORSE-POWER   AT   VARIOUS    INITIAL    PRESSURES   AND   SPEEDS,    CUTTING   OFF   AT 
ONE-QUARTER  STROKE,   FOR  HIGH-PRESSURE  STEAM  PLANTS. 


03 

4> 

E*- 

c 

O 

C 

N 

N 

N 

M 

« 

* 

••# 

10 

« 

Revolut 
per  Min 

rt  w 
«  in 

£ 
1 

X 

o 

x 
r- 

X 

oo 

X 

en 

X 
Si 

X 

o 

X 

O 

X 

X 
N 

X 

n 

iH 

X 
N 

IH 

X 

M 

x 

1-1 

X 

X 

10 
H 

r- 

40 

60 
80 
100 

5.66 
9.59 
13.16 
16.8 

7.07 
12.1 
17.2 

22.3 

9.64 
16.3 
22.9 

29.6 

12.9 

20.2 
28.5 
36.8 

14.6 
25.1 
35.5 
45.9 

18.6 
31.6 
44.6 
57.7 

22.1 
37.9 
53.5 
69.2 

26.2 

45.1 
63.9 
82.8 

31.9 

54.2 
76.4 
98.8 

36.7 

63. 

89.2 
115. 

37.4 
63.8 
90. 

117. 

42.7 
73.3 
110.9 
135. 

51.1 
86.6 
122. 
158. 

54.7 
92.7 
130. 
169. 

60.9 
107.5 
154. 
200. 

§ 

M 

40 
60 
80 
100     , 

6.19 
10.2 
14.3 
,18.4 

7.73 
13.2 
18.8 
24.3 

10.4 
17.6 
24.8 
32.1 

12.7 
22. 

31. 
40.2 

16. 
27.5 
38.9 
50.4 

20.3 
34.5 
48.6 

62.9 

24.4 
41.4 
58.4 
75.5 

28.6 
49.2 
69.8 
91.3 

10 
r- 

IH 

23.3 

40. 
56.8 

73.5 

24. 

40.7 
57.4 
74.4 

27.5 
47.2 
66.9 
86.7 

32.7 

55.5 
78.2 
101. 

35.7 
60. 
85.1 
109. 

38.5 
66.1 
93.7 
121. 

c 

M 

40 

60 
80 
100 

7.19 
1  1.9 
16.6 

21.3 

9.04 
15.5 
22. 
28.5 

12.1 
20.6 
29. 
37.6 

14.6 
25.2 
35.8 
46.3 

18.6 
31.9 
45.3 
63.9 

23. 
39.5 
56.1 
'72.9 

1 

19.1 
32.8 
46.5 

60.2 

23.3 

39.5 
55.8 
72.2 

26.6 
45.8 
64.9 
84. 

27.7 
46.7 
66.6 
85.1 

31.5 

54.1 
76.7 
98.3 

37.8 
64.1 
90.6 
116. 

40.4 
67.5 
95.2 
123. 

43.3 
74.3 
105. 
136. 

o 

s 

40 

60 
80 
100 

8.24 
13.6 
19. 
24.5 

10.4 

17.9 
25.4 
33. 

13.4 
23. 
32.7 
42.4 

16.8 
28.9 
41.1 
53.2 

21.3 
36.5 
51.8 

67.1 

** 

18.3 
31.7 
43.8 
56.7 

21.5 
36.9 
52.3 

67.7 

26.2 
44.6 
62.8 
81.4 

29.8 
51.3 
72.7 
94.1 

30.9 
52.4 
73.9 
95.6 

35.3 
60.7 
86. 
111. 

42.6 

71.5 
100. 
130. 

44.7 
75.9 
107. 
138. 

49.8 
85.5 
121. 
157. 

o 

10 

40 
60 
80 
100 

9.29 
15.3 
21.4 
27.6 

11.6 
19.9 
28.2 
36.5 

15.1 
25.9 
36.9 
47.7 

O 

a 

N 

12.9 
22.2 
31.5 
40.8 

15.8 
26.9 
38. 
49.2 

20.2 
34.5 
49.6 
62.9 

23.9 
41. 
58. 
75.2 

29.1 
49.4 
69.7 
91.2 

33.5 
57. 
80. 
104. 

34. 
57.7 
81.8 
105. 

39. 
67.2 
95.3 
123. 

46.6 
79.1 
111. 
144. 

49.7 
84.3 
119. 
154. 

55.5 
95.3 
135. 
174. 

FOR  LOW-PRESSURE  SERVICE,  THREE-QUARTER  CUT-OFF. 


SS 

0     3 

s   c 

V 
E     3 

00 

90 

O 

90 

O 

0     3 

<u 

90 

90 

O 

0 

li 

a    <n 
v    <n 

W    £ 

X 

o 

IH 

X 
N 

X 

H 

X 
>0 

2.  E 

0    ^ 

>       V, 

o!     W 
0)     W 

w  £ 

X 

o 

X 
N 

^ 

H 

X 

X 
10 

CI- 

<a    o 

CL- 

H 

a;  CL 

(£     O. 

10 

3.70 

5.32 

6.77 

8.96 

11.48 

IO 

4.46 

6.23 

7.20 

10.43 

13.5 

20 

8.34 

11.97 

14.97 

19.34 

24.40 

20 

9.69 

14.02 

15.79 

22.44 

28.65 

30 

12.98 

18.82 

23.28 

29.72 

37.30 

H 

30 

15.08 

21.88 

24.40 

34.45 

43.76 

40 

17.55 

25.18 

31.49 

40.10 

50.21 

40 

20.39 

29.4 

33. 

46.46 

58.91 

10 

!     5.12 

6.46 

9.04 

12.48 

14.61 

10 

5.75 

7.98 

10.50 

13.95 

16.61 

o 

20 

11.24 

14.54 

19.98 

26.51 

31.89 

20 

12.61 

17.9 

22.43 

29.51 

36.31 

N 

30 

17.34 

22.63 

31.08 

40.54 

49.17 

N 

30 

19.47 

27.9 

35. 

45.07 

55.56 

__ 

40 

23.45 

30.4 

42.03 

54.57 

66.46 

40 

26.33 

37.9 

47.20 

60.63 

75. 

O 
10 

10 

6.37 

8.88 

11.48 

15.51 

20.27 

§      "I 

30 

!  21.57 

31.08 

38.72 

49.89 

62.47 

N 

20 

13.98 

19.98 

24.91 

32.70 

41.37 

40 

29.17 

42.9 

52.36 

67.09 

83.58 

The  above  tables  give  the  powers  for  usual  speeds  and  pressures.  Those  intermediate  to  the 
ones  given  may  be  ascertained  sufficiently  accurate  for  ordinary  requirements  by  proportion.  See 
remarks  on  page  15  regarding  low-pressure  engines. 


29 


Buffalo  Automatic  Cut-off  Engine, 

Double  Upright  Type  on  Cast  Iron  Sub-base. 


Enclosed  Reciprocating  Parts  Running  in  Oil.     Built  Simple  and  Compound. 


Buffalo  Automatic  Cut-off  Engines, 

Double  Upright  Enclosed  Type. 


IN  THE  design  of  the  various  Buffalo  Upright  Automatic  Engines  shown  and  described  herewith,  the 
requirements  of  direct-connected  generator  service  have  been  treated  with  the  utmost  care. 
For  any  duty  where  an  engine  of  the  highest  efficiency  and  economy  is  imperative,  they  are 
manifestly  of  superior  merit.  The  extensive  inquiry  for  the  forms  of  Buffalo  Upright  Engines  originally 
intended  for  fan  work  only,  has  led  to  the  production  of  the  several  engines  primarily  designed  for 
dynamo  driving  herein  offered. 

The  type  of  Buffalo  Automatic  Cut-off  Engine  shown  by  the  cut  on  the  opposite  page,  illus- 
trates the  latest  developments  in  the  double  upright.  Each  cylinder  has  its  independent  valve,  and  the 
design  otherwise  is  such  as  to  afford  the  highest  economy  of  steam,  as  well  as  entirely  smooth 
and  quiet  operation  under  continuous  service.  No  noisy  rocker  arm,  or  its  substitute,  is 
allowed.  The  working  parts  are  entirely  enclosed  and  run  in  oil.  The  same  excellent  principle  of 
internal  lubrication  is  employed  as  for  the  Class  "A"  center-crank  horizontals  described  on  preceding 
pages.  The  engraving  shows  the  largest  upright  engine  we  build.  A  range  of  powers,  up 
to  125  horse-power,  is  covered  by  the  various  sizes.  The  points  of  continuous  operation  at  high  speed, 
with  the  highest  nicety  of  speed  regulation,  are  most  happily  combined  in  this  engine.  It  will  be  seen 
that  simplicity  and  compactness  prevail  throughout  the  design.  The  number  of  moving  parts  is  re- 
duced to  a  minimum,  being  fewer  even  than  in  other  engines  with  single  valves.  In  cleanliness  this 
engine  shows  a  great  improvement  over  other  uprights.  It  is  secured,  however,  at  no  expense  of 
lubrication  of  any  moving  joint ;  indeed,  the  oiling  is  far  more  positive  than  can  be  attained  either 
from  an  oiling  chamber  with  the  ordinary  tubes,  or  from  the  use  of  a  number  of  sight-feed  lubricators, 
though  the  engine  may  be  furnished  with  either  of  these  oiling  arrangements,  if  desired. 

This  form  of  Double  Upright  Automatic  Cut-off  Engine,  when  built  as  a  simple  engine,  is 
provided  with  a  governor  in  each  fly  wheel.  Enclosing  the  reciprocating  parts  in  the  absolutely 
tight  manner  required  to  run  the  engines  in  oil,  further  serves  the  purpose  of  keeping  out  the  smallest 
particles  of  dust  and  dirt.  Most  so-called  enclosed  engines  fail  to  protect  the  working  parts. 

Other  forms  of  Buffalo  Double  Upright  Automatic  Cut-off  Engines  are  built  with  single 
valves.  The  'cylinders,  of  course,  are  above  the  shaft,  and  are  placed  side  by  side  in  the 
same  casting.  Two  styles  may  be  furnished,  one  with  the  cranks  set  opposite,  /.  e.,  at  an  angle  of 
180  degrees,  and  the  other  with  the  cranks  set  on  the  quarter.  Each  has  its  particular  merit  for 
given  requirements  and  situations.  By  reason  of  their  eminent  fitness,  they  have  been  widely  used  for 
direct  connection  to  generators.  Then  the  usual  fly  wheels  and  sub-base  of  design,  harmonizing  with 
the  frame,  are  furnished,  together  with  the  same  accurate  governor  as  is  used  on  all  Buffalo  Automatic 
Engines  (see  detailed  description,  pages  1 7  and  28).  The  cylinders  are  of  large  diameter  compared  with 
the  stroke,  with  the  result  of  developing  large  powers  at  high  rotative  but  moderate  piston  speed.  In  these 
types  the  steam  is  admitted  to  both  cylinders  by  a  single  piston  valve,  though  slide  valves  maybe  furnished 
by  special  arrangement.  The  bearings  are  of  generous  size,  all  construction  details  being  of  the  highest  order. 

Photographs  and  detailed  drawings  supplied  to  prospective  customers. 

31 


Buffalo  Automatic  Cut-off  Engine, 

Double  Single-acting  Upright  Type  on  Cast  Iron  Sub-base. 


View  with  Frame  Broken  Away,  Showing  Enclosed  Reciprocating  Parts 
(Including  Governor)  Running  in  Oil. 


Buffalo  Automatic  Cut-off  Engines, 

Double  Single-acting  Upright  Type,  on  Cast  Iron  Sub-bases. 


THIS  engine,  of  which   the  cut  on  opposite  page  is  a  most  excellent  illustration,  was  originally 
designed  for  the  United  States  Marine  Service.     The  work  thereof  necessitated  unusually  high 
speed,  continuous  operation  with   minimum  attention,  and  the  highest  nicety  of  speed  govern- 
ment.    These  requirements  have  been  admirably  met,  and  the  engine  is  at  once  eminently  fitted  for 
electrical  work,  either  for  direct  or  belt  connection  to  generators. 

As  will  be  seen,  the  entire  working  parts  of  the  engine,  including  governor,  are  completely 
enclosed  and  run  in  oil.  This  prime  feature  affords  positive  and  ample  oiling  of  all  reciprocating 
parts.  It  is  well  known  that  engines  of  corresponding  small  sizes  heretofore  have  been  sadly  deficient 
in  this  regard  ;  therefore,  are  short-lived  at  sustained  high  speeds.  Ready  access  to  the  working 
parts  is  afforded  by  the  large  oil-tight  doors,  both  back  and  front.  This  type  has  two  single- 
acting  cylinders  placed  close  together.  Steam  is  admitted  only  at  the  top  end  of  the  piston  on 
the  downward  stroke.  The  governor  is  attached  direct  to  the  crank  disc,  instead  of  being  introduced 
in  the  fly  wheel,  and  receiving  an  oil  bath  at  every  revolution,  is  thoroughly  lubricated  at  all  times. 
Its  action  in  governing  the  speed  of  the  engine  is  similar  to  the  governor  of  the  Buffalo  Center-crank 
Automatic  Engine,  described  on  preceding  pages.  Coming  in  contact  with  the  oil  in  the  reservoir  as 
all  the  reciprocating  parts  do,  perfect  lubrication  is  insured,  even  though  the  engine  may  not  always 
be  on  a  level,  which  is  the  case  on  shipboard  the  major  portion  of  the  time.  The  electric  lighting 
apparatus  of  the  merchant  marine  must  frequently  be  placed  close  to  boiler  rooms,  where  considerable 
dust  and  grit  are  prevalent  in  the  atmosphere.  The  absolutely  tight  enclosure  prevents  same  from  enter- 
ing the  working  parts.  For  such  environments,  the  advantage  of  enclosed  cylinders  needs  no  emphasis. 
Its  cleanliness,  also,  is  at  once  apparent.  Steam  is  used  quickly  through  short  direct  ports,  and  the 
cylinder  temperature  is  thereby  maintained  at  a  high  degree,  reducing  condensation  to  a  minimum  and 
ensuring  economy  of  expansion.  Careful  examination  of  details  of  this  engine  will  show  its  uniqueness, 
and  that  there  is  no  other  small  engine  available  possessing  a  like  range  of  powers  within  the  same  space, 
equal  economy,  smooth  running  or  general  desirability.  Forged  steel  shafts  are  used  exclusively. 

Every  engine,  unless  otherwise  ordered,  is  provided  with  a  handsome  cast  iron  sub-base. 
Where  direct  coupled  to  generators,  the  base  is  made  of  suitable  height,  and  ofttimes  to  receive  the 
dynamo  itself.  The  space  available  and  make  of  generator  determine  the  form  or  arrangement 
selected.  The  usual  complement  of  wrenches,  and  necessary  anchor  bolts,  are  furnished. 

TABLE  OF  DIMENSIONS  AND  POWERS. 


1                                                 !                         i 

CYLIf 

Diam., 
in  Inch. 

4DER 

PIPES           FLYWHEELS    SHAFT               HEIGHT 

Floor 

Revolutions    Horse-power, 
per           80  Ibs.  Steam 
Minute             Pressure 

Weight 
without 
Sub- 
base 

Stroke, 
in  Inch. 

Steam, 
in  Inch. 

Exh.,      Diam., 
in  Inch,  in  Inch. 

Face, 
in  Inch, 

Diam., 
in  Inch. 

Sub- 
base, 
in  Inch. 

ToCen. 
Shaft, 
in  Inch. 

Required, 
Total     in  Inches 

3 

3 

1 

1  %        24 

sy2     2 

9 

15 

29      24  x  23 

300  to  500     1.3  to    2. 

300 

4 

4 

1#        \Y2        30         65*        2^         10 

18       37       30x36^ 

300  to  500    3     to    5.5 

500 

5 

5 

I#  1  -2           30 

6>/2   ,     3 

12 

18     ;45^  30x36^ 

250  to  400    5     to    8 

1000 

6 

62           2Vi        36          Ql/2        3            14 

21 

52X  36x43^ 

250  to  400    8.  6  to  13.8 

1200 

33 


Buffalo  Automatic  Cut-off  Engine, 

Single  Upright  Type  on  Cast  Iron  Sub-base. 


Class  "A,"  Enclosed  Cylinder,  Running  in  Oil.     Built  for  High  and  Low  Pressures. 
View  Showing  Governor  and  Removable  Side  Plate. 


34 


Buffalo  Automatic  Cut-off  Engines, 

Single  Upright  Type,  Classes  "A"  and  "  B,"  on  Cast  Iron  Sub-bases. 


FOR  years,  authorities  on  steam  engine  practice  have  recognized  the  value  of  high-speed  horizon- 
tal engines   running  in  oil.     The    Buffalo  is  the  first  upright  to  adopt  this  self-oiling  feature, 

and  it  is  equally  as  valuable  as  in  the  horizontal.  Several  patents  have  been  obtained,  covering 
the  application  and  arrangement  of  self-oiling  parts.  Two  large  oil-tight  side  plates  or  doors  afford  ready 
access  to  the  interior  parts.  Repairs,  therefore,  may  be  made  with  the  utmost  ease  under  adverse 
circumstances.  The  crank  shafts  may  be  readily  removed  without  displacing  the  engine.  The  steam 
chests  are  thoroughly  lagged  to  reduce  condensation  to  a  minimum.  Each  upright  is  furnished  with 
two  unusually  heavy  wheels.  The  rocker  arm  of  antiquity  and  its  substitutes  have  been  studiously 
avoided  in  this  design.  The  governor,  valve,  crosshead,  and  all  parts  except  the  frame,  are  iden- 
tically the  same  design  and  high-grade  construction  as  employed  upon  the  automatic  cut-off  horizon- 
tals. The  oiling  features  of  this  engine  are  so  regulated  that  the  lubrication  is  equally  thorough  at  a 
minimum  or  maximum  speed.  Forged  steel  shafts  are  used  exclusively. 

This  engine  may  be  furnished  in  two  classes  :  Class  "A,"  enclosed  and  running  in  oil,  as 
shown  by  cut,  and  Class  "  B,"  outfitted  with  the  usual  complement  of  sight-feed  oilers  of  large 
capacity.  Each  engine  is  supplied  with  a  full  set  of  finished  malleable  iron  wrenches,  a  throttle  valve 
of  approved  make  and  anchor  bolts.  The  Buffalo  Automatic  Upright  Engine  has  marked  advantages 
in  its  favor.  Floor  space  is  reduced  to  a  minimum,  and  the  comparatively  short  stroke  affords  low  height. 
For  direct-connected  generator  service,  these  engines  possess  unique  adaptability  and  merit  not  found 
elsewhere.  Constant  co-operation  with  dynamo  manufacturers  has  resulted  in  our  being  able  to  offer  the 
most  valuable  single  or  double  upright  engines  obtainable. 

LOW-PRESSURE  UPRIGHT  ENGINES.  Observe  that  the  last  four  sizes  in  the  table 
given  below  (indicated  by*)  are  designed  for  low-pressure  steam,  and  with  special  reference  for  heating 
and  ventilating  plants  in  schools,  churches,  etc. 

TABLE  OF  DIMENSIONS  AND  POWERS. 


CYLINDER 

PIPES 

FLYWHEELS 

SHAFT 

HEIGHT 

Floor 
Space 

Revolutions 

Horse- 

Weight 
Without 

Diam., 
in  Inch. 

Stroke, 
in  Inch. 

Steam, 
in  Inch. 

Exh., 
in  Inch. 

Diam., 
in  Inch. 

Face, 
in  Inch. 

Diam., 
in  Inch. 

Sub- 
base, 

ToCen. 
Shaft, 

Total 

Required, 
in  Inches 

M^ute              P°wer 

Base 

in  Inch. 

in  Inch. 

4 

4 

IX 

l# 

30 

5 

2/2 

9 

18 

48 

30       x30 

400  to  550 

4.1  to    5.5 

1000 

5 

5 

W 

2            30 

6 

3 

9^ 

18 

55 

30      x30 

350  to  500 

7     to  10 

1200 

6 

6 

2 

2/2         36 

6 

3 

10 

21 

63 

36      x36  300  to  400    10     to  13.8 

1400 

6 

7 

2 

2y2 

36 

6 

3 

10 

21 

.63 

36      x  36  300  to  400   12     to  16       1600 

8 

8 

2% 

3 

40 

6 

31A 

ll# 

23 

74 

37X  x  40  250  to  350  20     to  29       2300 

10 

10 

3 

3^ 

48 

10 

V/2 

ts# 

28 

85       44      x  48  200  to  300  32.4  to  48.6 

4000 

10 

12 

3 

3/2 

48 

10 

4^ 

15# 

28 

87^:  44      x  48:  200  to  300  38.9  to  58.4 

4000 

*12 

8 

3 

3/2 

48 

10 

4^ 

16# 

28 

80 

42  K  x  48  200  to  300 

14     to  23 

4000 

*13 

8 

3/2 

4 

48 

10 

4^ 

16# 

28 

82       42X  x  48  200  to  300 

17     to  25 

4000 

•15 

8 

3/2 

4 

48 

10 

4^ 

16^ 

28 

82 

42^  x  48  200  to  300 

25     to  30 

4000 

•IS 

10 

W 

4            48 

10 

4^ 

16tf 

28       84 

44      x48 

200  to  300 

27     to  43 

5000 

35 


Buffalo    Steel    Plate    Steam    Fan, 

Duplex  Type,  for  Mechanical  Draft. 


Double  Enclosed  Upright  Engines,  Cylinders  Beneath   the    Shafts,  Right    and   Left-hand 
Up-blast  Fans,  with  Overhung  Wheels  and  Water-cooling  Bearings. 

36 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Steam  Fans, 

Applied  for  Mechanical  Draft. 


GENERAL  REMARKS.  To  large  steam  consumers,  operating  and  professional  engineers,  no 
timely  subject  is  of  more  intense  interest  than  that  of  mechanical  draft.  Its  growth  has  been  most 
rapid  with  the  development  of  electricity  and  the  general  improvement  of  steam  plants.  Economy  of 
the  electric  traction  or  lighting  plant  is  now  conceded  to  be  the  main  feature  in  the  success  or  failure 
of  such  a  venture.  Far  different  is  this  aspect  to  that  existing  during  the  earlier  history  of  central 
power  stations,  when  they  were  frequently  located  without  the  benefit  of  advanced  practice  or  the 
advice  of  qualified  engineers.  Because  mechanical  draft  is  the  prime  factor  of  relief  in  old,  and 
likewise  the  first  aid  to  economy  in  new  plants,  is  an  easy  explanation  of  its  growing  popularity. 

The  application  of  mechanical  draft  assumes  three  general  forms :  1st,  Induced  draft  by  the 
installation  of  fans  to  serve  as  a  chimney.  2d,  Forced  draft  by  applying  fans  to  force  air  beneath 
boiler  grates.  3d,  The  combination  of  induced  and  forced  draft,  obtained  by  fans  applied  to  serve 
both  purposes  or  by  separate  fans  for  each.  The  selection  of  the  proper  type  to  render  the  highest 
economy,  primarily  depends  upon  the  fuel  to  be  consumed,  and  the  various  conditions  of  the  steam 
plant  to  be  outfitted.  It  is  readily  seen,  therefore,  that  no  single  one  of  these  three  applications  of 
mechanical  draft  will  give  the  best  results  in  all  cases,  but  that  every  boiler  plant  must  be  carefully 
treated  individually. 

Those  controlling  the  culm  banks  of  Pennsylvania  and  other  anthracite  coal  sections  are  now 
directing  attention  to  the  utilization  of  this  accumulation  of  years.  Early  use  of  the  primitive  steam 
jet  for  culm  fires  soon  showed  the  necessity  of  a  fan  to  secure  unvarying  high  efficiency.  Culm 
is  no  exception  to  better  grades  of  coal  and  demands  sufficient  air  for  maximum  combustion.  The 
pioneer  mechanical  draft  plants  for  burning  culm  were  installed  by  this  house,  and  after  long  continued 
use  are,  to-day,  forcible  examples  of  demonstrated  feasibility  of  deriving  from  this  waste  a  surpris- 
ingly great  efficiency  compared  with  higher  grades  of  coal.  Not  only  in  this  but  in  other  types  of 
mechanical  draft  have  fan  manufacturers  endeavored  to  copy  application  details,  originated  and 
perfected  by  this  house.  Complete  test  records  of  steam  plants,  including  not  only  those  replete  with 
all  accessories  to  a  modern  outfit,  but  a  variety  of  those  more  limited  in  equipment,  are  now  in 
course  of  preparation,  and  will  be  cheerfully  supplied  to  intending  purchasers. 

INDUCED  DRAFT  has  become  the  most  common  form  of  mechanical  draft  in  power  plants,  and 
is  ordinarily  used  in  conjunction  with  fuel  economizers.  The  following  is  an  extract  from  a  paper 
read  by  Mr.  Wm.  R.  Roney,  at  the  Montreal  meeting  of  the  American  Society  of  Mechanical 
Engineers,  in  1894,  and  is  based  upon  the  practice  of  Westinghouse,  Church,  Kerr  &  Co., 
engineers. 

"  The  importance  of  good  draft,  natural  or  artificial,  for  supplying  sufficient  oxygen  for  the  eco- 
nomical combustion  of  fuel,  has  long  been  recognized  by  intelligent  engineers.  The  gain,  both  in 
efficiency  and  capacity,  obtained  by  the' rapid  and  energetic  combustion  of  the  various  kinds  of  coal, 
and  the  resulting  high  furnace  temperatures,  is  well  established.  Its  importance  has,  however,  been 

37 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Steam   Fan, 

Duplex  Type,  for  Mechanical  Draft. 


Single  Engines,  Cylinders  Beneath  the  Shafts,  Right  and  Left-hand  Up-blast  Fans,  with 
Overhung  Wheels  and  Water-cooling  Bearings. 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Steam  Fans, 

Applied  for  Mechanical  Draft. — Continued. 

generally  conceded  only  within  a  few  years.  To  obtain  this  high  furnace  temperature  requires  draft 
sufficiently  strong  to  deliver  an  abundant  supply  of  oxygen  to  the  furnace. 

"  Although  the  idea  is  by  no  means  a  new  one,  yet  it  is  only  within  a  few  years  that  mechanically 
induced  draft  has  been  much  used  or  installed  on  a  large  scale.  Previously  it  had  been  used,  with  a 
few  exceptions,  for  the  purpose  of  improving  poor  draft  by  helping  out  an  insufficient  or  an  overloaded 
chimney.  The  largest  and  most  successful  applications  of  mechanically  induced  draft  have  been 
made  in  connection  with  feed-water  heaters  designed  to  utilize  the  waste  heat  of  the  flue  gases,  and 
known  as  fuel  economizers.  This  form  of  feed-water  heaters  has  been  manufactured  in  England  for 
over  fifty  years.  They,  have,  however,  been  imported  for  many  years,  as  their  value  as  a  fuel-saving 
device  is  well  established.  Their  successful  operation  is  so  dependent  upon  good  draft,  that  no  well- 
informed  engineer  would  think  of  installing  an  economizer  without  making  provision  for  much  better 
draft  than  the  boilers  would  require  without  it.  On  account  of  the  reducing  effect  on  the  draft 
caused  by  lowering  the  temperature  of  the  gases  and  retarding  their  flow  by  the  mechanical  interfer- 
ence of  the  pipes,  it  cannot  be  considered  good  engineering  to  attach  an  economizer  to  a  chimney 
less  than  200  feet  in  height.  In  fact,  the  best  working  economizers  in  connection  with  chimneys  are 
those  where  the  chimney  is  considerably  over  200  feet  high. 

"The  objections  to  be  urged  against  tall  chimneys,  as  compared  with  mechanical  exhaust  draft, 
when  used  with  economizers,  are  :  1st,  Excessive  cost,  both  on  account  of  the  height  required  and 
on  account  of  foundations,  which  must  of  necessity  be  very  substantial,  and  which  may  involve 
expensive  piling  and  filling.  2d,  The  space  required  for  foundations,  which  may  be  very  valuable, 
especially  in  large  cities,  or  may  be  required  for  other  purposes  and  which  can  with  difficulty  be 
spared.  A  chimney  250  feet  high  will  require  foundations  not  less  than  30  feet  square,  and  in 
some  cases  much  more.  3d,  A  certain  minimum  temperature  of  flue  gases  is  required  to  produce 
an  effective  draft  and  to  operate  the  boilers  economically,  and  this  fact  limits  the  amount  of  econ- 
omizer heating  surface  which  can  be  used,  and  consequently  the  fuel  saving  obtained  by  use  of  the 
economizer.  The  same  fact  operates  unfavorably  at  small  capacities,  which  are  often  unavoidable, 
when  the  chimney  must  be  built  large  enough  for  future  increase  of  the  boiler  plant.  4th,  A  chimney 
once  built  limits  the  maximum  capacity  of  the  boiler  plant,  and  also  is  liable  to  be  affected  by 
atmospheric  changes  which  may  seriously  impair  its  efficiency. 

"  These  objections  to  the  tall  chimneys,  which  are  so  essential  to  the  use  of  economizers,  do  not 
hold  with  mechanical  draft.  The  first  cost  of  a  properly  designed  mechanical  draft  plant  is  very 
much  less  than  that  of  a  suitable  chimney  of  equal  capacity,  usually  averaging  50  to  60  per  cent, 
less,  according  to  the  size  of  chimney  and  character  of  foundations  required.  The  fans  and  short 
stack  require  very  little  foundations,  even  less  than  that  of  an  ordinary  boiler  setting.  The  space 
usually  required  for  extensive  chimney  foundations  can  be  utilized  for  economizers,  and  by  elevating 
the  economizers  and  fans  upon  beams  and  columns,  the  space  underneath  them  can  be  used  for 
pumps,  condensers,  etc.,  as  illustrated  by  the  engraving  on  page  46.  The  space  thus  saved  is  often 
of  great  value,  especially  where  land  is  expensive. 

39 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Steam   Fan, 

Duplex  Type,  for  Mechanical  Draft. 


View  of  Inlet  Side.     Single  Engines,  .Cylinders  Beneath  the  Shafts,  Right  and  Left-hand 
Up-blast  Fans,  with  Overhung  Wheels  and  Water-cooling  Bearings. 


40 


Buffalo    Steel    Plate    Steam    Fans, 

Applied  for  Mechanical  Draft. — Continued. 

"Natural  draft  requires  that  the  gases  in  the  chimney  be  above  a  certain  minimum  temperature 
in  order  to  secure  a  proper  supply  of  oxygen  in  the  furnace  and  good  combustion  of  the  fuel,  whereas 
with  mechanical  exhaust  draft  the  amount  of  draft  obtainable  is  entirely  independent  of  the  tempera- 
ture of  the  flue  gases,  and  when  used  in  combination  with  a  properly-proportioned  economizer  it  is 
possible  to  lower  their  temperature  to  a  point  where  the  draft  of  even  a  very  tall  chimney  would  be 
practically  destroyed.  Mechanical  draft  possesses  great  advantages  over  natural  draft  in  its  flexibility 
and  adaptability  to  both  large  and  small  capacities,  and  in  its  ability  to  meet  sudden  and  excessive 
demands  for  steam,  either  by  an  extra  turn  of  the  throttle  valve,  or  by  an  automatic  regulator  con- 
trolling the  steam  supply  to  the  fan  engine  according  to  the  boiler  pressure.  It  is  unaffected  by 
atmospheric  changes,  furnishing  the  desired  amount  of  draft  irrespective  of  conditions  of  wind  or 
weather.  Operating  independently  of  the  amount  of  heat  in  the  stack,  it  is  possible  to  obtain  a 
higher  temperature  of  feed  water  in  the  economizer,  and  a  lower  temperature  of  escaping  gases  than 
could  possibly  be  obtained  with  a  chimney,  and  at  the  same  time  provide  sufficient  draft  to  maintain 
rapid  and  economical  combustion  of  the  fuel.  A  mechanical  draft  plant  properly  designed,  with 
duplicate  fans  and  engines  of  suitable  construction,  so  arranged  that  one  is  always  in  relay,  can  be 
made  so  reliable  that  the  boilers  cannot  be  shut  down  by  any  ordinary  accident.  With  the  fans 
properly  designed  and  proportioned  to  the  work,  the  power  required  to  operate  them  is  so  small  as  to 
practically  have  no  effect  on  the  economy  obtained. 

"Mechanical  exhaust  draft  handles  a  large  amount  of  heated  gases  with  slow  speed  exhaust  fans 
at  a  low  pressure,  and  with  a  small  expenditure  of  power.  To  illustrate  :  The  writer  recently 
designed  a  mechanical  draft  and  economizer  plant  for  6,000  h.  p.  of  water-tube  boilers,  providing 
duplicate  large  slow-running  fans  of  special  design,  each  driven  by  an  independent  engine,  and  each 
having  a  capacity,  estimated  in  pounds  of  coal  burned  per  hour,  sufficient  to  develop  25  per  cent,  in 
excess  of  rating,  or  7,500  h.  p.  The  power  required  to  drive  one  fan  to  do  this  work  was  six-tenths 
of  one  per  cent,  of  the  boiler  horse-power  developed.  Or,  estimated  in  coal  per  horse-power  per 
hour,  and  at  $3.00  per  ton,  the  fuel  cost  of  operating  the  plant  one  year  was  two  per  cent,  of  the 
estimated  cost  of  the  chimney  originally  planned  for  the  plant.  In  other  words,  //  would  not  pay  to 
build  the  chimney  so  long  as  money  was  worth  more  than  two  per  cent,  per  annum. 

"The  illustration  of  'A  Complete  Boiler  House,'  on  page  46,  showing  boilers,  stokers,  circulating 
economizer,  mechanical  draft,  feed  pumps,  and  condenser  will  be  of  interest.  In  this  illustration  the 
economizer  is  elevated  upon  columns  and  beams  to  provide  for  utilizing  the  space  under  the  economizer 
for  feed  pumps,  condenser,  etc.  The  exhaust  fans,  of  which  there  are  two  placed  side  by  side,  are 
equipped  with  double  direct-connected  engines,  only  one  engine  showing  in  the  illustration, the  other  being 
on  the  farther  side.  These  fans  and  engines  are  of  special  design,  with  protected  bearings,  self-oiling 
and  water-jacketed,  to  withstand  the  heat  when  the  economizer  is  cut  for  cleaning  or  for  repairs,  and 
the  hot  gases  pass  directly  to  the  fans.  They  are  so  proportioned  to  their  work  as  to  handle  a 
maximum  amount  of  gases  with  a  minimum  expenditure  of  power.  The  arrangement  of  the  econo- 
mizer pipes  and  blow-off  connections  is  worth  noticing,  in  that  it  provides  a  means  of  blowing  out 

41 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Steam  Fan, 

Patented  Nov.  5,  1895. 

Double  Type,  for  Mechanical  Draft. 


Single  Engines,  Left  Hand  Fans,  Bottom  and  Top  Horizontal  Discharge,  Overhung 
Wheels  and  Water-cooling  Bearings. 


Buffalo    Steel    Plate    Steam    Fans, 

Applied  for  Mechanical  Draft. — Continued. 

the  sediment  which  may  accumulate  in  the  pipes,  and  at  the  same  time   a  complete   circulation  is 
maintained  in  the  economizer. 

"The  following  data  will  be  of  considerable  interest,  as  showing  in  tabulated  form  the  results 
obtained  by  economizers  and  mechanical  draft  in  a  number  of  plants  in  regular  service.  In  every 
case  the  feed  water  was  partially  heated  by  exhaust-steam  heaters,  or  in  hot  wells  by  condensed 
steam  from  various  sources." 

TESTS  OF  ECONOMIZER  AND   MECHANICAL  DRAFT  PLANTS,  SHOWING  INITIAL  AND  FINAL 
TEMPERATURES  OF  FLUE  GASES  AND  FEED  WATER  IN  DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT. 


Tests 

Gases  Entering 
Economizer 

Gases  Leaving 
Economizer 

Water  Entering 
Economizer 

Water  Leaving 
Economizer 

Gain  in  Tempera- 
ture of  Water 

Fuel  Saving, 
Per  Cent. 

1 

610 

340 

110 

287 

167 

16.7 

2 

505 

212 

84 

276 

192 

19.2 

3 

550 

205 

185 

305 

120 

12.0 

4 

522 

320 

155 

300 

145 

14.5 

5 

505 

320 

190 

300 

110 

11.0 

6 

465 

250 

180 

295 

115 

11.5 

7 

490 

290 

175 

280 

105 

10.5 

8 

495 

190 

155 

320 

165 

16.5 

9 

541 

255 

130 

311 

181 

18.1 

The  fans  illustrated  on  pages  38,  40,  42  and  44  were  built  for  Westinghouse,  Church,  Kerr  & 
Co.'s  installations.  Many  extensive  mechanical  draft  and  fuel  economizer  plants  installed  by  them 
are  now  in  operation  or  in  process  of  construction  in  various  parts  of  the  country.  Data  from  the 
later  outfits  show  a  continual  increase  in  economy  over  the  earlier  plants.  Briefly  let  us  enumerate 
the  chief  points  attendant  upon  the  use  of  mechanical  and  natural  draft. 

Chimney  draft.  1st,  Enormous  waste  of  heat  from  unutilized  escaping  flue  gases.  2d,  Exces- 
sive first  cost  compared  with  that  of  properly-designed  fans.  3d,  Variable  efficiency,  contingent 
with  atmospheric  conditions.  4th,  Inability  to  provide  for  increased  capacity.  5th,  Difficulty  of 
regulating  draft  for  varying  requirements.  6th,  Inefficient  use  of  low  grades  of  coal.  7th, 
Attendant  smoke  nuisance  using  bituminous  coal.  Practically  the  only  good  point  the  chimney 
possesses  is  its  comparative  freedom  from  cost  of  maintenance — a  minor  item  not  always  absent. 

Mechanical  draft.  1st,  Highest  utilization  of  heat  from  flue  gases,  made  possible  by  the 
improved  forms  of  economizers.  2d,  Low  first  cost  compared  with  a  chimney  of  usual  dimensions 
for  a  given  battery  of  boilers.  3d,  Positive  efficiency  wholly  unaffected  by  atmospheric  conditions  at 
all  times.  4th,  Ample  provision  for  large  future  capacity.  5th,  Perfect  regulation  of  draft  for 
sudden  increased  or  decreased  requirements.  6th,  Complete  combustion  of  low  grades  of  coal 
attended  with  great  reduction  in  fuel  bills.  7th,  Practical  elimination  of  the  smoke  nuisance,  using 
a  certain  mixture  of  hard  and  soft  coals.  8th,  Increased  steam  power  of  boilers,  thereby  guarding 


43 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Steam  Fan, 


Patented  Nov.  5,  1895. 


Double  Type,  for  Mechanical  Draft. 


Single  Engines,  Left  Hand  Fans,  Bottom  and  Top  Horizontal  Discharge,  Overhung. 
Wheels  and  Water-cooling  Bearings. 


Buffalo    Steel    Plate    Steam    Fans, 

Applied  for  Mechanical  Draft. — Continued. 

against  impaired  capacity  during  temporary  repairs  to  a  portion  of  the  boiler  plant.  9th,  The  small 
cost  of  maintenance. 

A  careful  resum'e  of  the  authentic  data  published  separately  will  at  once  clearly  verify  the  above 
points,  and  we  invite  careful  investigation  of  the  Buffalo  mechanical  draft  plants  from  engineers  or 
corporations  contemplating  increasing  or  improving  existing  boiler  plants,  or  the  erection  of  new  ones. 
The  foremost  consideration  is  economy,  and  this,  with  other  features  combined,  producing  the  highest 
available  efficiency  and  superiority,  is  invariably  found  in  the  outfits  placed  by  this  house.  Original 
application  details,  derived  from  careful  tests  of  extended  experience,  coupled  with  the  co-operation  of 
manufacturers  of  the  most  advanced  forms  of  economizers,  have  resulted  in  obtaining  results 
unattained  by  others.  Attention  is  called  to  the  fallacy  of  allowing  first  cost  to  be  the  deciding 
feature  in  placing  contracts  for  this  work.  Too  many  examples  to-day  show  the  error  of  such  pur- 
chases, where  fans  of  inadequate  size  have  been  installed  by  other  manufacturers,  attended  with 
frequent  expense  for  repairs,  and,  what  is  worse,  the  annoyance  of  impaired  capacity  during  such 
periods.  The  provision  for  future  needs  has  also  thereby  been  eliminated.  That  the  character  of 
Buffalo  fans  and  engines,  and  the  facilities  for  producing  and  installing  them  for  mechanical  draft 
excel  all  others,  is  clearly  shown  by  the  larger  number  in  use  and  the  unquestionably  superior  results 
obtained  therefrom. 

The  construction  of  the  Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Fans  for  mechanical  draft  is  special  throughout. 
Duplicate  fans  are  usually  employed  and  so  placed  that  the  flue  gases  may  readily  pass  through 
either  separately  or  both  at  the  same  time,  this  feature  being  secured  by  means  of  suitable  dampers. 
Reference  to  the  engravings  will  show  several  forms  of  dampers  adapted  to  the  various  arrangements 
of  fans.  The  fans  are  of  steel  plate,  heavily  braced  with  angle  and  "  T"  irons,  the  entire  construction 
being  such  that  the  direct  heat  of  the  flue  gases  passing  through  the  fans  when  the  economizer  is 
disabled  or  at  other  times  will  cause  no  distortion  by  reason  of  expansion.  The  fan  wheels  are 
invariably  overhung,  with  the  bearings  next  to  the  fan  provided  with  special  water-cooling  boxes 
suitable  for  a  flow  of  water  at  city  pressure,  without  leakage.  The  various  types  of  single  and  double 
engines  described  from  pages  54  to  84  are  employed,  the  most  approved  being  the  enclosed  double. 
An  extra  pulley  is  often  provided  for  the  driving  of  scraper  gear  in  connection  with  economizers 
or  for  other  purposes. 

In  addition  to  the  various  designs  of  single  and  double  engines  herein  described,  Buffalo  Steel 
Plate  Steam  Fans  for  Mechanical  Draft  may  be  also  furnished  with  double  upright  enclosed  engines, 
cylinders  above  the  shaft.  Photographs  and  drawings  of  such  construction  will  be  supplied  to 
prospective  customers  where  desired,  and  for  such  cases  as  the  use  of  this  form  is  especially  adapted. 
In  passing,  it  may  be  mentioned  that  this  engine  is  precisely  the  same  as  has  been  furnished  by  this 
house  for  the  United  States  Government  torpedo  boats  or  battle  ships,  which  is  a  sufficient  recom- 
mendation as  to  the  superiority  of  the  type  and  construction  details.  Continuous  running  without 
cessation  is  one  of  the  first  requirements  of  such  service,  and  is  a  factor  which  commends  this  style 
of  engine  for  use  in  plants  where  duplicate  fans  ere  not  installed. 

45 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Steam   Fan, 

Double  Type  for  Mechanical  Draft. 


Illustration  of  a  Complete  Steam  Plant,  with  Economizers,  Stokers,   Boilers,  etc.    Engines 

Double  Upright  Enclosed,  Right  and  Left  Hand  Up-blast  Discharge  Fans, 

with  Overhung  Wheels  and  Water-cooling  Bearings. 


46 


Buffalo   Steel    Plate   Steam  Fans, 

Applied  for  Forced  Draft. 


FORCED  DRAFT  has  been  used  for  years,  the  original  installations  being  principally  for  burning  refuse 
materials,  and  for  assisting  boiler  draft  of  natural  low  efficiency.  The  advancement  to  popular 
favor  has  been  of  healthy  but  gradual  growth.  In  the  early  stage,  it  was  commonly  supposed 
that  what  would  now  be  called  in  mechanical  draft  a  high  air  pressure  was  absolutely  essential  to  best 
results.  As  this  type  of  mechanical  draft  has  developed,  it  is  noticeable  that  in  succeeding  repre- 
sentative plants,  the  velocity  of  air  has  been  gradually  decreased,  until  now  it  is  generally  recognized 
that  the  forced  draft  outfits  showing  the  best  results  are  the  ones  where  a  sufficient  volume  is  used  at 
the  lowest  pressure  which  secures  complete  combustion.  Practical  demonstration  has  established  the 
fact  that  this  is  far  more  economical  practice  than  using  the  same  quantity  of  air  at  double  the  velocity. 
As  is  at  once  understood,  the  term  "  forced  draft "  used  in  connection  with  a  steam  plant 
refers  to  the  forcing  of  the  air  under  the  grates.  The  favorite  point  of  introduction  into  most  boilers  is 
through  the  bridge  wall  at  the  rear  end  of  the  grates.  Where  this  arrangement  is  not  feasible,  however, 
equally  efficient  results  are  obtained  through  side  walls,  or  further  in  front,  using  properly  arranged 
dampers  with  convenient  accessories  for  manipulation.  The  first  blowers  applied  for  forced  draft  and 
those  now  most  widely  used  in  small  plants,  also  where  refuse  material  such  asbagassee,  etc.,  is  con- 
sumed, are  the  Buffalo  "  B  "  or  Volume  Type,  described  further  on,  having  cast-iron  shells,  designed 
for  the  heaviest  service,  and  capable  of  delivering  air  at  high  pressures.  A  number  of  special  patented 
grates  designed  for  forced  draft,  which  are  largely  of  the  hollow-blast'  type  and  require  a  blower  in 
connection,  have  been  introduced  with  considerable  success.  For  all  advanced  forms  of  these  the 
Buffalo  Steel  Pressure  or  "  B  "  Blowers  are  peculiarly  fitted,  and  are  therefore  employed  by  manu- 
facturers and  users  of  such  devices.  The  more  complete  steam  plants  of  to-day  are  outfitted  with 
mechanical  stokers  of  approved  form,  of  which  the  market  affords  several.  In  connection  with  these  the 
Buffalo  "  B  "  Blowers  have  been  generally  adopted  by  those  seeking  durability  and  results  of  highest  order. 
For  forced  draft  outfits  of  more  important  size,  also  where  coal  is  burned,  either  of  high  or  low  grades, 
the  Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Fans  are  generally  used,  and  for  this  work  are  rigidly  stayed  and  stiffened. 
In  some  cases  they  are  built  narrower  than  the  standard  type,  with  a  wheel  of  relatively  large 
diameter,  to  give  high  peripheral  velocity  at  moderate  speed. 

Forced  draft  has  several  direct  advantages  in  its  favor  where  certain  conditions  exist.  The 
chimney  of  a  given  steam  plant  may  be  capable  of  handling  the  boilers  excepting  under  adverse  con- 
ditions of  weather,  when  a  blower  properly  applied  needs  only  to  be  started  and  run  during  such  periods. 
While  the  capacity  of  a  chimney,  either  with  forced  or  natural  draft,  is  limited,  the  natural  efficiency 
may  be  materially  increased,  so  that  if  more  boilers  have  been  added  than  the  chimney  will  properly 
handle  without  some  assistance,  this  may  be  afforded  by  the  blower.  Another  case  where  forced  draft 
is  especially  valuable,  is  in  the  burning  of  screenings  or  low  grades  of  fuel.  It  is  here  that  direct 
application  of  draft  to  the  boiler  grates  affords  immediate  and  positive  results.  Throughout  the 
anthracite  coal  sections,  and  at  shipping  points  where  there  is  a  large  accumulation  of  culm  or  screen- 
ings, many  Buffalo  Forced  Draft  plants  in  operation  for  years  are  to-day  forcible  examples  of  econ- 

47 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Steam  Fan, 


Applied  for  Forced  Draft. 


Sketch  of  a  Typical  Arrangement. 


Water  Line 


Sectional  View,  Showing  Introduction  of  Air  Through  the  Bridge  Wall. 


48 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Steam   Fans, 

Applied  for  Forced  Draft. — Continued. 

omy  and  efficiency.  The  pioneer  outfits  were  installed  by  this  house,  also  all  valuable  and  approved 
devices  relating  to  application  and  regulation  features  since  perfected  were  likewise  originated.  The 
smoke  nuisance  in  cities  where  a  portion  of  hard  and  soft  coal  is  available,  be  it  in  the  form  of  screen- 
ings or  higher  grades,  also  is  at  once  solved  by  the  Buffalo  Forced  Draft  System.  The  proportion 
which  secures  the  best  and  hottest  fire  is  75  per  cent,  of  anthracite  and  25  per  cent,  of  soft  coal. 
With  this  mixture,  smoke  is  practically  eliminated  and  steam  plants  thus  operated  come  entirely  within 
the  limit  of  city  ordinances.  The  proportion  of  this  mixture  has  little  to  do  with  the  efficiency  of  a 
forced  draft  apparatus,  and,  intelligently  installed,  excellent  service  will  be  obtained  burning  entirely 
anthracite  or  soft  coal,  or  a  mixture  of  different  proportions. 

Occasionally  objections  to  forced  draft  are  urged,  on  the  ground  that  with  its  use  there  is  an  out- 
ward leakage  of  gases  and  blow  holes  through  boiler  fires  at  different  grate  intervals.  Such  results 
only  occur  with  poor  applications  and  installation  details,  or  with  improper  firing.  The  method  of  intro- 
duction of  the  air  to  the  grates  and  the  appliances  therefor,  figure  conspicuously  in  the  securing  of 
maximum  economy  and  efficiency,  and  attention  is  called  herewith  to  the  description  and  cuts  on 
pages  51  and  52  of  the  various  forms  of  cast-iron  dampers  patented  by  this  house.  Let  the  air  supply 
to  the  fan  be  taken  from  around  the  boiler  stack,  thus  heating  it  before  it  is  delivered  to  the  furnaces, 
for  herein  is  embodied  an  important  saving.  It  is  highly  desirable  that  the  fan  be  driven  by  its 
individual  engine,  with  the  valve  controlling  the  steam  supply  thereto  equipped  with  the  special  arrange- 
ment for  governing  the  speed  of  the  engine,  according  to  the  draft  requirements.  In  brief,  the  princi- 
ple of  this  consists  of  automatically  supplying  more  steam  to  the  engine  when  the  boiler  pressure 
lowers  and  less  steam  with  the  steam  pressure  increasing.  This  has  been  brought  to  so  fine  a  point 
that  practically  a  constant  pressure  is  maintained  on  the  boilers  with  proper  firing. 

Many  Buffalo  Forced  Draft  plants  in  this  city  have  been  in  successful  operation  for  a  period  of 
years  with  no  unusual  repairs,  and  in  many  cases  have  shown  a  net  saving  of  30  per  cent,  in  fuel  bills 
with  a  relative  gain  in  efficiency  of  10  to  15  per  cent.,  also  practically  abolishing  the  smoke  nuisance. 
This  exceptional  record  arises  from  the  fact  that  before  the  introduction  of  the  forced  draft  system  the 
higher  grades  of  coal  were  burned,  while  afterward  hard  and  soft  coal  slack  were  consumed. 

Mechanical  draft  is  now  generally  adopted  for  all  large  and  important  boats,  and  also  for  many 
of  the  smaller  ones.  Induced  draft  is  used  occasionally,  and  is  growing  in  favor,  but  the  more  com- 
mon type  in  marine  work,  however,  is  forced  draft.  The  closed  stoke-hold  system,  /'.  e.,  blowing  the 
air  into  an  enclosed  boiler  room,  is  widely  used.  Air  is  also  introduced  beneath  the  grates  with  a 
special  arrangement  of  air-tight  ash-pit  doors  and  dampers,  so  connected  that  the  draft  is  shut  off  when 
the  doors  are  opened  for  firing.  Owing  to  the  small  space  available  in  marine  work,  direct-attached 
engines  are  employed  with  the  fan  construction  and  all  other  details  arranged  to  occupy  minimum 
space,  all  installations  being  special  to  suit  the  peculiar  conditions  of  each  boat. 

It  is  impossible  to  present  herewith  engravings  which  would  illustrate  comprehensively  the 
manner  of  application  of  forced  draft  to  marine  boilers,  but  those  intending  to  outfit  boats,  large  or 
small,  are  requested  to  send  for  complete  drawings  of  plants  in  ships  of  similar  size,  which  will  be 

49 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Steam  Fan, 


Applied  for  Forced  Draft. 


Elevation  Showing  Boiler  Fronts,  and  Position  of  Air  Duct,  Fan  and  Engine. 


Plan  Showing  Air  Duct,  Arrangement  of  Connections  to  Boilers,  Fan 
and  Engine  Location,  etc. 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Steam  Fans, 

Applied  for  Forced  Draft. — Continued. 

cheerfully  furnished.  They  will  give  very  clear  ideas  as  to  ordinary  arrangements.  Correspondence 
should  be  accompanied  with  a  statement  as  to  the  number  and  size  of  boilers,  steam  pressure  carried, 
space  available  for  fans,  and,  if  possible,  a  sketch  showing  desired  relative  position  with  reference 
to  the  grates  of  the  furnaces.  The  heat  of  the  boiler  and  engine  rooms  of  many  merchant  marines 
is  unbearable,  but  may  be  at  once  relieved  by  the  same  fan  which  is  introduced  for  forced  draft,  by 
providing  in  the  application  to  receive  the  source  of  air  supply  from  that  portion  of  the  boat.  Other 
parts  of  the  vessel  requiring  ventilation  may  be  readily  accommodated  where  it  is  feasible  to  connect 
same  to  the  fan  by  means  of  galvanized  iron  or  other  conduits.  Forced  draft  was  primarily  used  on 
shipboard  to  the  end  of  securing  increased  speed,  and  without  any  reference  whatever  to  economy, 
increased  steaming  capacity  of  boilers,  ventilation  of  the  fire  rooms,  closets,  or  other  portions  of  the 
boat.  All  of  these  points  are  now  considered  and  usually  properly  treated  in  the  installation  of 
mechanical  draft  plants  of  modern  boats. 

While  induced  draft  on  shipboard  is  equally  as  efficient  as  forced  draft  in  the  matter  of  speed 
and  steaming  capacity  of  boilers,  by  reason  of  the  necessity  of  drawing  air  to  the  boiler  grates  through 
the  fire  room,  the  other  portions  of  the  boat  cannot  be  as  readily  ventilated  with  the  same  fan. 

The  engravings  appearing  on  pages  48  and  50  clearly  illustrate  the  ordinary  arrangement  of  a 
forced  draft  system  to  a  battery  of  stationary  boilers.the  fan  shown  being  of  the  three-quarter  housing  type, 
and  communicating  direct  to  the  fires  through  an  underground  duct  extending  in  front  of  the  boilers, 
all  as  clearly  shown  by  the  outline  illustrations.  Careful  examination  of  the  sectional  cut  on  page  48 
will  show  the  location  and  mode  of  operating  the  cast-iron  dampers  illustrated  on  page  52.  This 
subject,  a  large  power  plant  of  a  city  electric  light  station,  was  selected  by  reason  of  showing  the 
manner  of  connection  to  different  types  of  boilers. 

Central  steam  heating  and  electric  lighting  stations  in  the  great  cities  are  generally  situated 
where  economy  of  room  is  of  paramount  importance.  This  creates  the  necessity  of  obtaining  a  max- 
imum steaming  capacity  in  a  minimum  space.  Of  so  great  consequence  is  this  point  that  the  cost 
of  the  equipment  which  will  show  the  best  results  is  of  little  moment.  Limitations  of  space  often 
necessitate  the  suspension  of  fans  from  ceilings,  also  special  construction,  but  all  such  requirements 
can  usually  be  met  to  a  nicety.  It  is  in  certain  important  work  of  this  nature  that  the  forced  system 
of  mechanical  draft  using  Buffalo  fans  has  been  employed,  obtaining  a  boiler  capacity  within  a 
limited  space  impossible  to  secure  by  natural  draft  under  the  most  favorable  conditions,  at  the  same 
time  close  economy  of  fuel. 

COMBINED  INDUCED  AND  FORCED  DRAFT  applied  to  a  battery  of  boilers  is  somewhat  un- 
usual, but  the  Buffalo  Special  Steel  Plate  Fans  have  been  thus  employed  with  excellent  results.  Certain 
special  boilers  are  designed  particularly  for  induced  and  forced  draft,  and  to  these  have  applications 
been  made,  with  the  result  of  obtaining  more  than  a  regular  amount  of  steaming  capacity  within  a 
given  space.  Ordinary  boilers  have  also  been  thus  outfitted  with  considerably  increased  capacity. 

The  combination  may  be  installed  in  two  ways,  as  follows  :  1st.  With  two  separate  fans,  one 
an  induction  and  the  other  an  eduction  fan.  2d.  With  a  single  fan  of  special  construction,  having  a 


Buffalo  Regulating  Dampers, 

For  Forced  Draft  Plants. 


Type  for  Large  Boilers. 


Type  for    Moderate  and  Small   Sized  Boilers, 
with  Lever  Attachment. 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Steam  Fans, 

Applied  for  Forced  Draft. — Continued. 

web  or  divided  wheel  and  two  inlets,  one  to  receive  the  intake  of  gases  from  the  boiler  stack,  and  the 
other  to  receive  fresh  air,  the  amount  handled  being  regulated  by  an  oscillating  damper.  The 
former  arrangement  is  necessitated  for  the  special  boiler  construction  alluded  to,  and  is  also  ap- 
plicable to  large  steam  plants  with  ordinary  water  tube  or  tubular  boilers  with  or  without  equipments 
of  economizers  and  burning  fuel  of  low  grades.  The  fan  for  forcing  air  under  the  grates  is  usually 
somewhat  the  smaller  of  the  two. 

The  more,  simple  plants  of  combined  induced  and  forced  draft  employ  the  one  fan  arrange- 
ment, which  is  built  with  two  inlets  and  takes  in  unheatedair  on  one  side.  Connection,  by  means  of  a 
suitable  pipe,  is  made  with  the  chimney  flue  or  smoke  breeching  of  the  boiler  to  the  other  side  of  the 
fan,  thereby  taking  in  the  larger  part  of  the  flue  gases.  These  are  mixed  with  the  fresh  air  taken  in 
from  the  other  side  of  the  fan  as  it  leaves  the  outlet  and  is  being  delivered  to  the  ashpit  of  the  fur- 
naces. From  thence  the  air  is  forced  through  the  grates  to  the  fuel  bed.  Dampers  are  used  on  each 
side  to  regulate  the  proportion  of  air  and  flue  gases  admitted  to  the  fan.  Recently  published  tests 
of  such  apparatus  using  Buffalo  Special  Steel  Plate  Fans,  show  arj  average  temperature  of  the  air 
discharged  under  the  grates  of  235  degrees,  and  naturally  a  great  gain  in  efficiency  over  the  same 
boilers  without  the  device.  When  using  the  fan,  but  not  heating  the  air  supply,  the  increase  also 
demonstrated  the  value  of  the  outfit.  In  both  cases  the  smoke  reduction  was  very  marked. 

BUFFALO  DRAFT  REGULATING  DAMPERS  in  two  styles  are  shown  on  the  opposite  page. 
The  type  selected  in  each  instance  depends  upon  the  point  of  admission  of  the  air  to  the  boiler 
grates,  and  the  size  and  construction  of  the  boiler.  As  will  be  seen,  these  dampers  are  designed 
to  communicate  with  a  system  of  underground  tile  piping  leading  from  the  fan  to  the  boiler  fires. 
The  sectional  cut  on  page  48  clearly  shows  the  position  of  the  damper  at  the  boiler  when  admitting 
air  to  the  grates  through  the  bridge  wall.  Where  it  is  inconvenient  to  introduce  the  air  currents 
through  the  bridge  wall,  a  damper  of  somewhat  different  appearance  is  employed,  with  a  special 
arrangement  of  levers.  The  regulation  of  the  draft  is  so  excellent,  and,  by  means  of  the  damper  acces- 
sories for  operating,  at  once  so  perfectly  under  the  control  of  the  fireman,  that  many  consider  it 
sufficiently  adequate  for  practical  economy  without  the  addition  of  more  expensive  arrangements, 
whereby  the  speed  of  the  fan  and  engine  would  be  controlled  according  to  the  boiler  pressure. 
Whether  such  automatic  regulation  be  installed  or  not,  the  Buffalo  Regulating  Damper  is  of  first  im- 
portance, and  cannot  be  easily  dispensed  with.  These  dampers  are  built  in  different  sizes,  to  suit 
the  various  sizes  of  boilers.  In  making  inquiries  for  forced  draft  plants,  invariably  mention  the  num- 
ber, size  and  types  of  boilers,  maker,  square  feet  of  grate  surface  in  each,  also  accompany  the  above 
data  with  a  detailed  description  of  the  fuel  burned,  height  and  inside  dimensions  of  chimney,  and 
steam  pressure  carried.  Provide  a  sketch  or  drawing  showing  convenient  location  of  the  fan  and 
engine— send  too  much  information,  rather  than  too  little.  We  especially  invite  those  contemplating 
the  erection  of  new  steam  plants  to  confer  with  us  respecting  mechanical  draft  equipment. 

On  the  following  20  pages  will  be  found  descriptions  and  illustrations  of  the  types  of  fans  and 
engines  commonly  used  in  forced  and  mechanical  draft  outfits. 

53 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Steam  Fan, 


Double  Horizontal  Engine. 


Fan  Left  Hand  Top  Horizontal  Discharge.     For  Mechanical  Draft, 
Ship  Ventilation,  Etc. 


54 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Steam  Fans, 

For  Mechanical  Draft,  Ship  Ventilation,  Etc. 


AS  BUFFALO  Special  Steel  Plate  Steam  Fans  are  generally  used  to  accomplish  unfrequent  results, 
the  nature  of  which  often  demands  a  variation  in  the  form  of  construction  even  for  the  same 

class  of  service,  they  are  always  built  to  order.  No  standard  list  of  these  fans  can  here  be 
presented  which  would  cover  all  requirements.  They  are  built  in  a  large  variety  of  sizes  and  styles, 
the  dimensions  of  the  fans  being  in  each  instance  so  proportioned  as  to  especially  adapt  them  to  the 
work  which  it  is  desired  to  perform.  A  size  and  type  of  engine  of  ample  power  is  selected  which  is 
well  qualified  to  withstand  all  that  is  required  of  it  under  existing  conditions.  For  high  pressure  or 
velocities  of  air,  it  would  be  necessary  to  run  steam  fans,  as  ordinarily  built,  at  so  high  a  rate  of  speed 
that  the  life  of  the  engine  would  be  of  short  duration.  To  overcome  this  difficulty  for  all  such  service, 
Buffalo  Special  Steel  Plate  Steam  Fans  are  built  with  narrow  wheels,  the  diameter  being  much 
greater  than  the  usual  proportion.  The  result  is  a  correspondingly  increased  pressure  of  air  secured  by 
giving  to  the  wheel  a  larger  peripheral  velocity  and  delivering  the  air  through  a  comparatively  small 
outlet.  The  engraving  on  page  64  is  a  good  illustration  of  such  fan  proportions. 

Nine  special  designs  of  Buffalo  Steam  Fans  are  illustrated  by  the  accompanying  cuts.  The 
one  appearing  opposite  was  built  in  1887  for  the  United  States  Monitor  "Miantonomah."  The  work 
required  of  the  fan  was  to  produce  forced  draft  under  the  steamboat  boilers,  and  also  to  ventilate 
different  portions  of  the  vessel.  The  conditions  of  the  installation,  which  are  common  for  similar 
work,  necessitated  strong,  substantial  construction,  and  the  best  grade  of  engine  for  high  speed  under 
continuous  use.  The  arrangement  and  design  of  the  engines  are  such  that  each  has  ample  capacity  to 
drive  the  fan  independently.  Both  engines  may  be  operated  simultaneously,  if  desired,  or  the  fan 
may  be  driven  by  either  alone,  thus  always  having  one  engine  in  reserve  in  case  of  accident,  as  is 
customary  in  electric  plants. 

The  engraving  appearing  on  page  66  illustrates  a  type  of  fan  constructed  with  single  vertical 
enclosed  engine  for  the  United  States  Steamer  "Galena."  These  machines  were  used  for  forced 
draft  under  the  boilers,  and  the  conditions  of  application  were  such  that  it  was  necessary  to  build  four 
blowers  in  two  sizes,  in  order  to  accomplish  the  desired  results  in  the  peculiar  space  at  command  for 
the  position  of  the  fans.  Generally  speaking,  for  marine  and  other  duty  requiring  continuous  operation 
the  double  type  of  engine  is  to  be  preferred  to  the  single,  unless  there  is  an  equipment  of  duplicate 
plants  which  are  alternated  in  running.  In  an  example  like  this,  a  single  engine,  properly  designed 
and  constructed,  will  render  efficient  service,  and  requires  only  ordinary  attention. 

Since  the  practice  of  applying  Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Steam  Fans  for  forced  draft  and  ventilation 
has  proven  so  eminently  successful  in  the  great  ocean  vessels,  they  are  now  not  only  being  universally 
employed  for  all  large  boats,  but  are  adapted  to  smaller  ones  as  well.  Small  steamships  can  be  venti- 
lated and  supplied  with  a  forced  draft  system  for  their  boiler  fires  as  readily  as,  and  with  results  equal 
to,  those  of  the  larger  ones.  The  engravings  appearing  on  pages  67  and  68  are  excellent  examples  of 
the  styles  and  sizes  of  fans  used  for  the  more  diminutive  boats.  For  continuous  running,  and  especially 
for  high  speed,  the  double  upright  enclosed  engine  embodies  the  acme  of  efficiency  and  durability. 

55 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Steam  Fan, 

Double  Horizontal  Engine. 


Fan  Right  Hand  Top  Horizontal  Discharge,  with  Overhung  Wheel. 
For  Mechanical  Draft,  Ship  Ventilation,  Etc. 

56 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Steam  Fans, 

For  Mechanical  Draft  and  Ship  Ventilation,  Etc. 


BUFFALO  Steel  Plate  Steam  Fans  have  been  introduced  extensively  into  ocean  steamships. 
While,  in  many  instances,  the  main  desire  is  to  secure  perfect  combustion  of  fuel  and  obtain 

the  greatest  steaming  capacity  of  the  boilers,  the  fans  may  usually  be  arranged  to  serve  the 
double  purpose  of  ventilating  the  entire  ship,  as  well  as  blowing  the  furnaces.  The  full  effectiveness 
of  the  steamboat  boilers  also  is  always  assured,  and  it  is  entirely  independent  of  the  direction  or  force 
of  the  wind.  By  the  proper  application  of  these  fans  to  marine  boilers,  so  marked  an  increase  of 
speed  of  the  vessels  has  been  noticed  over  their  previous  time,  that  owners  of  certain  lines,  who  have 
observed  the  benefits  derived  from  an  initial  fan,  are  speedily  installing  them  into  all  their  boats.  In 
the  example  of  marine  boilers,  especially,  it  is  desirable  to  produce  the  largest  amount  of  steam  with 
the  smallest  amount  of  boiler  space.  Since  the  introduction  of  Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Fans  to  this 
work,  the  space  required  for  a  given  boiler  capacity  has  been  very  materially  reduced. 

In  steamers  equipped  with  Buffalo  Steam  Fan  ventilation,  the  old  form  of  ventilating  pipes,  the 
efficiency  of  which  is  very  low  and  never  reliable,  especially  under  unfavorable  conditions  of  the 
weather,  is  entirely  dispensed  with  ;  the  whole  dependence  is,  therefore,  placed  upon  the  fan. 

The  first  steam  fan  ever  applied  to  a  shipload  of  fruit  (see  page  56)  was  furnished  by  us  for  the 
West  Indies  Fruiting  Steamer  "  Neptuno."  Wonderful  results  have  been  accomplished  by  the  use  of 
this  fan,  and  also  by  a  large  number  of  other  Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Fans  upon  similar  boats.  The 
machine  is  so  placed  in  the  "  Neptuno  "  as  to  blow  into  the  fire  room,  which  is  practically  air-tight, 
and  the  air  forced  by  the  fan  creates  a  uniform  pressure  therein.  This  may  be  regulated  according 
to  the  speed  of  fan,  of  from  two  to  five  inches  water  column,  and  the  air  naturally  seeks  an  escape 
through  the  readiest  outlets,  viz.,  the  boiler  grates. 

In  the  "  Neptuno's  "  hold,  thousands  of  bunches  of  bananas  and  other  fruits  are  stored. 
Though  the  ship  may  be  deterred  several  days  from  completing  its  trip  in  the  usual  time,  the  fruit 
invariably  arrives  in  a  remarkably  preserved  condition,  the  loss  by  decay  being  hardly  noticeable, 
while  formerly  often  a  very  great  item.  In  1892  Mr.  John  Maclntyre,  a  marine  engineer  of  large 
experience,  reports  on  the  "Neptuno"  fan,  applied  under  his  system  of  ventilating,  as  follows: 

"The  'Neptuno'  has  been  running  constantly  for  the  past  19  months;  she  has  made  35 
voyages  to  Jamaica,  and  not  met  with  any  accident  whatever.  Steam  pressure  never  varies  even 
when  cleaning  fires,  and  fruit  is  always  green.  The  blower  has  increased  her  speed  two  miles  an  hour, 
a  point  greatly  appreciated  by  all  interested  in  fruiting  steamers,  and  also  to  many  owners  who  wish 
for  speed  without  ventilation.  Since  completing  her  35th  voyage  after  the  installation  of  the  blower, 
I  have  thoroughly  examined  the  '  Neptuno '  fan  ;  a  better,  built  and  well-knit  machine  it  would  be 
hard  to  find."  This  fan  has  run  without  interruption  ever  since  and  replaces  the  air  in  the  steamer 
"  Neptuno  "  once  every  minute  and  a  half.  The  economy  in  using  Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Steam  Fans 
for  fruiting  steamers  cannot  be  more  clearly  portrayed  than  in  the  fact  that  the  cost  is  often  more 
than  saved  in  the  decrease  of  the  percentage  of  loss  by  decay  in  a  single  trip. 

57 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Steam  Fan, 


Double  Horizontal  Engine  (One  in  Reserve). 


Fan  Three-quarter  Housing  Type,  Right  Hand  Top  Horizontal  Discharge.     For 
Mechanical  Draft,  Ship  Ventilation,  Etc. 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Steam  Fans, 

With  Double  Horizontal  Engines. 


THE  majority  of  Double  Horizontal  and  Upright  Engine  Fans  herewith  illustrated  and  described 
were  originally  designed  especially  for  use  on  vessels  of  the  United  States  Navy.  High  speeds, 

high  boiler  pressures  and  continuous  operation,  incident  to  the  navy  requirements,  call  for  un- 
usually strong,  substantial  fans  with  engines  of  the  highest  grade  of  construction.  Space  is  too  limited 
to  show  and  describe  all  of  the  designs  of  special  fans  with  horizontal  engines  which  have  been  built 
by  this  house  for  various  requirements.  Photographs  of  other  types  will  be  supplied  upon  request. 

The  engraving  on  the  opposite  page  illustrates  engines  of  the  same  dimensions,  one  being 
placed  on  either  side  of  the  crank  shaft,  which  is  extended  into  the  fan  and  forms  a  direct-attached 
machine  by  reason  of  the  fan  wheel  being  placed  on  the  opposite  end  of  the  shaft.  But  one  of  the 
engines  is  intended  for  use  at  a  time,  the  other  rod  being  disconnected  and  held  in  reserve  in  case 
of  an  accident,  although  the  design  is  such  that  both  may  be  operated  simultaneously,  if  desired.  In 
the  construction  of  this  engine,  the  desirable  point  of  being  able  to  quickly  change  from  the  right  to 
the  left-hand  engine,  or  the  reverse,  at  the  same  time  keeping  a  perfect  balance,  has  been  embodied. 
This  feature  is  accomplished  in  the  following  manner.  The  disc  is  made  sufficiently  heavy  on  the  side 
on  which  the  pin  is  placed  to  counterbalance  the  crank  and  connections  when  the  left-hand  engine 
connected  to  the  crank  is  in  use.  Then  when  the  left-hand  engine  is  disconnected  and  the  right-hand 
engine  is  connected  up,  the  pocket  provided  in  the  disc  on  the  opposite  side  from  the  pin  is  filled  with 
shot  and  the  balance  re-established  for  the  right-hand  engine  when  the  left-hand  engine  is  held  in 
reserve.  The  pocket  in  which  the  shot  is  placed  is  stopped  with  a  threaded  plug  inserted  with  a  screw 
driver  and  makes  a  neat  finish.  It  may  be  filled  or  emptied  in  a  few  seconds  time.  The  crank 
shaft  is  of  forged  steel,  of  ample  proportions,  which  is  a  distinguishing  feature  of  all  Buffalo  Steam 
Fans.  Sufficient  space  is  left  between  the  crank  and  the  disc  for  the  eccentric  and  a  bearing  of 
ample  wearing  proportions.  The  valves  employed  are  of  the  piston  type,  carefully  fitted  up  with  cages 
and  snap  ring  packing.  They  are  attached  to  the  valve  stem  by  a  simple  yet  efficient  method,  which 
permits  of  the  removal  of  the  valve,  when  required,  with  the  greatest  ease.  Other  general  construction 
details  are  similar  to  those  found  in  the  Buffalo  Center-crank  Engines. 

The  engraving  shows  a  large  fan  in  three-quarter  steel  plate  housing,  the  lower  portion  of  the 
scroll  being  brick  work,  and  is  used  for  blowing  a  battery  of  stationary  boiler  fires.  On  shipboard, 
full  housing  fans  are  more  frequently  employed,  and  where  a  double  horizontal  engine  is  desired,  a 
cast-iron  supporting  base  may  be  furnished,  or  the  lower  scroll  of  fan  extend  below  the  floor  line. 

For  forced  and  mechanical  draft  plants,  the  advantages  of  double  horizontal  and  upright 
engines,  so  designed  that  each  has  ample  capacity  to  drive  the  fan  at  its  maximum  speed,  with  the 
provision  in  both  types  of  either  engine  being  used  separately  or  simultaneously,  as  desired,  are  obvious. 
A  style  of  engine  arranged  in  pairs,  with  inclined  cylinders,  may  be  readily  furnished.  One 
engine  is  always  held  in  reserve.  Under  certain  conditions,  this  design  may  well  be  chosen,  though  it 
is  not  widely  used  by  reason  of  the  other  types  embodying  more  desirable  features.  Buffalo  Special 
Steel  Plate  Fans  are  built  in  various  sizes  and  supplied  with  engines  suited  to  all  boiler  pressures. 

59 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Steam  Fan, 

Double  Upright  Engine. 


Engine  Cylinders  Beneath  the  Shaft.     Fan  Right  Hand  Top  Horizontal  Discharge,  with 
Overhung  Wheel.     For  Mechanical  Draft,  Ship  Ventilation,  Etc. 


60 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Steam  Fans, 

With  Double  Upright  Enclosed  Engines. 


THE  foremost  aim  in  producing  this  design  of  engine  was  to  secure  a  type  which  would  develop 
a  large  amount  of  power  at  high  rotative  but  moderate  piston  speed.  With  the  possibility  of 

entirely  enclosed  working  parts,  the  engine  is  thus  particularly  fitted  for  most  efficient  service 
in  the  numerous  trying  situations  met  in  applying  steam  fans  for  forced  draft.  While  some  of  the 
engine  features  are  unusual,  no  deviation  is  made  from  established  laws  in  proportion  and  design  for 
the  sake  of  novelty.  Each  detail  is  wrought  with  fitness  to  perform  its  particular  function,  and  so  that 
when  assembled  the  result  is  a  compact  and  symmetrical  machine. 

As  clearly  shown  by  the  engravings,  the  engine  may  be  built  wholly  or  partially  enclosed,  as 
desired.  The  oiling  devices  are  positive  and  may  be  supplied  in  the  several  forms  illustrated,  or 
a  common  oiling  chamber  with  tubes  leading  to  the  reciprocating  parts  may  be  used.  The 
engine  frame  is  rectangular,  wider  at  the  base  than  at  the  bearings.  In  the  larger  sizes,  the 
cylinders  are  bolted  to  the  base,  which  forms  a  part  of  the  housing,  and  they  are  so  arranged  that 
the  piston  can  readily  be  removed  by  withdrawing  the  bolts  of  the  cylinder  head  and  lower  end  of 
connecting  rod,  whereby  the  crosshead,  cylinder  head  and  piston  can  be  lifted  out  without  removing 
any  other  part.  The  steam  chest  is  bolted  to  the  cylinder,  that  it  may  be  easily  removed  when 
desired.  The  crosshead  slides  are  so  joined  to  the  frame  as  to  enable  adjustment  for  wear.  They 
have  special  babbitt  metal  gibs  to  prevent  cutting  of  slides,  and  clamp  joints  for  the  piston  rods, 
which  are  bored  tapered  to  receive  the  hardened  wrist  pin.  The  pistons  are  of  the  snap  ring  pattern, 
the  rings  of  which  are  of  special  metal  (permitting  use  for  a  long  time  without  internal  lubrication). 
The  valve  is  of  the  piston  type,  steam  being  admitted  at  center  instead  of  at  the  ends.  The  rods 
have  large  wearing  surfaces,  the  crank  end  is  lined  with  babbitt  metal,  and  the  crosshead  end  has 
phosphor  bronze  boxes  with  wedge  adjustment.  The  crank  end  adjustment  is  similar  to  that  of  the 
marine  engine  ;  the  shaft  is  of  forged  steel,  the  cranks  being  opposite  each  other.  The  eccentric  strap 
is  lined  with  genuine  babbitt,  the  bearings,  which  in  their  ratio  are  large,  are  bolted  to  the  main 
housing,  and  lined  with  a  special  brand  of  babbitt  metal,  also  fitted  with  our  improved  oiling  ring, 
clearly  shown  by  detailed  engraving  on  page  76. 

While  every  portion  is  made  as  compact  as  possible,  yet  the  arrangement  is  such  as  to  give 
ready  access  to  all  parts  of  the  engine  without  disturbing  others.  The  stuffing  boxes  are  provided  with 
nuts  which  screw  on  to  the  glands,  and  while  standard  packing  is  employed,  if  so  ordered  and  desired, 
approved  metallic  packing  may  be  substituted.  To  prevent  corrosion,  brass  glands  are  used  for  the 
rods;  the  valve  rod  is  of  steel,  and  fitted  with  hardened  pin  and  clamp  joint.  The  steam  chest  head 
has  a  phosphor  bronze  bushing  to  form  a  guide  for  the  valve  rod.  The  eccentric  rod  has  means  for 
adjusting  valve  without  removing  cover.  No  rocker  or  its  substitute  is  used,  the  object  being  to  reduce 
the  engine  details  to  the  fewest  possible  number — a  great  desideratum  in  all  high-speed  engines.  A 
hand  wheel  on  the  shaft,  that  the  engine  may  be  thrown  off  the  center,  is  provided. 

For  certain  classes  of  work,  the  variation  in  design  of  this  engine  described  and  illustrated  on 
the  two  succeeding  pages  will  be  found  preferable. 

61 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Steam  Fan, 


Double  Upright  Enclosed  Engine. 


Engine  Cylinders  Beneath  the  Shaft.     Fan  Right  Hand  Up-blast  Discharge,  with 
Overhung  Wheel.     For  Mechanical  Draft,  Ship  Ventilation,  Etc. 


62 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Steam  Fans, 

With  Double  Upright  Enclosed  Engines. 


THE  double  engine  shown  by  the  engraving  upon  the  opposite  page  is  very  similar  in  design  to 
the  pattern  illustrated  and  described  on  the  two  preceding  pages.  A  few  variations  of  some  of 
the  details  have  been  found  desirable  for  requirements  differing  from  those  for  which  the  orig- 
inal type  was  designed.  The  two  forms  afford  engines  adapted  to  ordinary  and  the  very  highest  steam 
pressures  which  are  carried,  also  a  type  which  may  be  readily  furnished  with  automatic  governors  for 
any  use  requiring  a  high-grade  upright  automatic  engine.  Buffalo  Steel  Pressure  and  "B"  Volume 
Blowers  hereinafter  described,  are  frequently  employed  on  adjustable  bed  combined  with  counter- 
shaft, upon  which  is  also  placed  a  double  upright  enclosed  automatic  engine  of  this  type,  giving  a 
plant  independent  of  other  power.  Being  designed  with  particular  reference  to  high  speed,  the 
double  upright  engines  in  connection  with  extra  heavy  Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Fans  and  the  combina- 
tions above  mentioned,  find  wide  use  in  rolling  mills,  foundries  and  various  kindred  industries. 

It  will  be  noticed,  by  comparison  of  the  engravings  of  the  double  upright  engines,  in  the  later 
type  the  steam  chest  is  placed  directly  over  the  outward  cylinder,  and  the  eccentric  is  placed  between 
the  crank  and  the  outside  bearing.  This  affords  the  best  possible  distribution  of  steam,  and  as  the 
eccentric  is  separate  from  the  shaft  in  this  construction,  it  permits  of  greater  accessibility  to  the 
working  parts  than  when  the  eccentric  is  cast  to,  and  therefore  is  a  part  of,  the  crank  shaft. 
The  shafts  throughout  all  the  sizes  are  of  very  large  diameter,  with  journals  and  crank  pins,  etc.,  like- 
wise increased  in  proportion  over  standard  ratios  to  insure  a  maximum  safety,  efficiency  and  durability 
under  high  steam  pressures. 

The  double  upright  engine  fans  are  unequalled  for  mechanical  or  induced  draft  in  power 
plants  and  are  employed  in  the  largest  outfits  in  operation  in  this  country,  usually  in  conjunction  with 
fuel  economizers.  In  such  service,  the  fans  are  usually  arranged  in  pairs  and  are  built  with  over- 
hung wheels,  water-cooling  boxes  and  other  departures  from  the  regular  form,  to  prevent  the  journals 
from  heating  and  the  working  parts  from  destruction  by  the  action  of  the  gases  produced  in  fuel  com- 
bustion. The  fan  housing  also  receives  special  attention,  and  is  thoroughly  braced  with  heavy  angle  iron 
frames,  which  hold  it  rigid  under  all  strains.  Smoke  stacks  are  frequently  placed  directly  on  top  of  the 
housing,  where  fans  are  employed  in  connection  with  fuel  economizers  and  the  induced  draft  systems. 

The  lubrication  of  the  Buffalo  Double  Upright  Engine  is  accomplished  in  a  uniform  and  posi- 
tive manner,  a  result  obtained  only  by  the  method  employed  in  this  and  other  types  of  uprights 
manufactured  by  this  house,  fully  described  on  the  accompanying  pages.  An  honest  investigation  of 
every  detail  of  this  engine  can  have  no  other  result  than  an  acknowledgment  of  unequalled  construc- 
tion and  design.  Prominent  features  are,  a  heavy  frame  with  width  of  base  that  gives  greatest 
stability,  accessibility  for  packing  and  repairs  by  means  of  the  large  dust-proof  doors,  and  large  sur- 
faces of  all  parts  subject  to  wear.  Hardened  pins  are  employed  wherever  possible,  and  a  special 
composition  of  metals  is  used  for  the  cylinders  and  valve,  while  every  wearing  part  has  ready  means 
for  adjustment.  Simplicity  of  construction,  and  highest  grade  of  material  and  workmanship  (upon 
which  depends  durability),  could  not  be  combined  to  greater  advantage. 

63 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Steam  Fan, 

Double  Enclosed  Upright  Engine. 


Engine  Cylinders  Beneath  the  Shaft.     Fan  Right  Hand  Bottom  Horizontal  Discharge, 
with  Overhung  Wheel.     For  Mechanical  Draft,  Ship  Ventilation,  Etc. 


64 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Steam  Fan, 

Double  Enclosed  Upright  Engine. 


Engine  Cylinders  Beneath  the  Shaft.     Fan  Right  Hand  Down-blast   Discharge, 
with  Overhung  Wheel.     For  Mechanical  Draft,  Ship  Ventilation,  Etc. 

65 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Steam  Fan, 


Single  Enclosed  Upright  Engine. 


Engine  Cylinder   Beneath  the  Shaft.     Fan  Right  Hand  Down-blast  Discharge, 
with  Overhung  Wheel.     For  Forced  Draft,  Ship  Ventilation,  Etc. 


66 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Steam  Fan, 


Double  Single-acting  Engine. 


Engine  Enclosed  Running  in  Oil,  Cylinders  above  Shaft.      Fan  Right 

Hand  Top  Horizontal  Discharge,  with  Overhung  Wheel.     For 

Mechanical  Draft,  Ship  Ventilation,  Etc. 


67 


Buffalo  Steel   Plate  Steam   Fan, 


Single  Upright  Engine. 


Engine  Cylinder  Beneath  Shaft.     Fan  Right  Hand  Bottom  Horizontal  Discharge,  with 
Overhung  Wheel.     For  Mechanical  Draft,  Ship  Ventilation,  Etc. 


68 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Steam  Fans, 

Various  Engine  Types  for  Mechanical  Draft,  Ship  Ventilation,  Etc. 


BUFFALO  DOUBLE  ENCLOSED  UPRIGHT  ENGINES.  On  pages  60  to  64  we  illustrate  and 
describe  two  forms  of  the  Buffalo  Double  Upright  Enclosed  Engines,  and  on  page  65  appears  an 
illustration  of  another  type,  being  more  recent  in  design  than  the  others.  The  original  installation  of 
this  double  engine  was  upon  an  important  merchant  marine.  The  mechanical  draft  plant  consisted 
of  two  machines,  and  of  large  size.  The  fans  were  not  installed  in  duplicate,  two  being  used  because 
the  available  space  was  of  such  nature  that  a  single  fan  of  sufficient  size  could  not  be  employed. 
Then,  again,  the  two  fan  arrangement  provided  the  desirable  feature  that  in  case  either  be  disabled, 
by  speeding  up  the  other  fan,  the  speed  of  the  vessel  need  not  be  impaired  during  repairs.  The 
engine  cranks  are  set  at  an  angle  of  90  degrees,  or  on  the  quarter,  and  each  cylinder  is  provided 
with  its  individual  steam  chest,  also  eccentric,  eccentric  rod  and  valve  stem.  Practically,  there  are  two 
separate  engines,  and  the  clearance  of  steam  ports  is  reduced  to  a  minimum.  A  very  desirable 
feature  of  this  design  is  that  of  being  able  to  run  the  fan  at  an  average  speed,  should  one  of  the 
engines  become  disabled,  by  simply  disconnecting  that  engine.  Concerning  further  details,  the 
description  of  the  other  double  upright  engines  will  suffice.  We  also  build  a  double  upright  enclosed 
engine  with  cylinders  above  the  shaft,  of  which  no  illustration  is  given  herewith.  Detailed  drawings 
will  be  supplied  prospective  buyers,  if  desired. 

BUFFALO  DOUBLE  SINGLE-ACTING  ENCLOSED  ENGINES  are  especially  suited  for  the  small 
sizes  of  direct-connected  fans  in  ventilation  and  forced  draft  work  on  small  steam  yachts  and  boats  of 
average  size.  Herein  they  have  been  widely  employed  with  great  favor.  As  the  engraving  on  page 
67  clearly  shows,  this  engine  is  entirely  enclosed,  the  moving  parts  running  in  oil.  The  cylinders 
are  above  the  shaft.  Its  construction  is  identical  to  that  of  the  automatic  engine  illustrated  and  de- 
scribed on  pages  32  and  33,  excepting  that  no  governors  are  used  where  direct  connected  to  fans. 
This  engine  is  built  in  sizes  suitable  for  fans  up  to  100  inches.  In  the  case  of  full  housing  fans  a 
handsome  cast  iron  sub-base  is  supplied.  As  is  apparent,  this  type  of  engine  is  particularly  adapted 
to  three-quarter  housing  fans.  The  engine  then  sets  on  the  floor  level,  no  sub-base  being  required. 

BUFFALO  SINGLE  UPRIGHT  ENGINE  WITH  ENCLOSED  HOOD.  The  first  of  these  fans  and 
engines,  illustrated  by  the  half-tone  engraving  on  page  68,  was  built  for  the  U.  S.  Navy  at  the 
Mare  Island,  Cal.,  yards.  Briefly,  the  requirements  of  that  specification  were  for  a  speed  of  800  r.  p. 
m.  at  160  Ibs.  steam  pressure.  The  same  design  has  elsewhere  been  widely  used  for  steam  yachts, 
boats,  and,  in  fact,  every  conceivable  position  where  the  requirements  were  for  high  speed  and  a  small 
compact  arrangement.  Several  sizes  are  now  built,  the  illustration  being  that  of  a  3-inch  by  3^- 
inch  cylinder.  The  engine  is  of  the  single  type  furnished  with  an  enclosed  hood.  The  ram  box  and 
eccentric  are  inside  the  bed.  The  whole  outfit  occupies  the  least  possible  space.  Perfect  lubrication 
is  secured  by  large  continuous  oilers  at  reciprocating  points.  The  valve  is  of  the  balanced  piston  type 
Previous  to  this,  and  the  introduction  of  the  other  small  engine  types  herein  described,  all  exist- 
ing designs  have  been  inordinate  steam  consumers.  Steam  economy  corresponding  closely  to  that 
obtained  in  the  highest  grade  electric  light  engines  is  now  afforded. 

69 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Steam  Fan, 

With  Three-quarter  Steel  Plate  Housing. 


Fan  Left  Hand  Top  Horizontal  Discharge,  Direct  Attached  Horizontal  Engine. 

Regular  Construction  is  Braced  with  Heavy  Angle  Irons, 

(see  Pages  58  and  82). 


70 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Steam  Fans, 

Three-quarter  Housing  Type.     Right  Hand  Top  Horizontal  Discharge. 


TABLE  OF  PRINCIPAL  DIMENSIONS-IN  INCHES. 


Size 

A 

B 

C 

D 

E 

F 

G 

H 

J 

K 

L 

M 

N 

0 

Weight 

6x8 
110  in. 

30| 

56! 

41 

44| 

53! 

43 

47} 

48! 

51} 

291 

41} 

41 

44! 

8| 

3,920  Ibs. 

120  in."  '  32^ 

61! 

44| 

«& 

58| 

47 

51} 

48! 

54f 

31} 

43f 

44! 

47J 

8| 

4,625  " 

8x8    «! 

130  in. 

67 

48} 

52} 

63} 

50! 

55} 

58 

61 

33! 

49} 

48} 

51  1 

10! 

6,525  " 

10  x  10    3g 
140  in. 

72^ 

52] 

S6& 

68| 

55} 

60} 

58! 

64! 

36} 

Slf 

52} 

54 

10! 

7,320  •' 

10  x  12 
150  in. 

39! 

77} 

56 

60  1 

73} 

59 

64} 

78} 

69} 

38| 

55! 

56 

62J 

12 

10.130  " 

12  x  12 
160  in. 

42f 

821 

59! 

64H 

78  J 

63 

68! 

78} 

74} 

41 

58} 

59! 

64} 

12 

10,820  " 

12  x  14 
170  in. 

45 

87} 

63} 

68! 

83 

66! 

72! 

82 

79 

43| 

65} 

63} 

69! 

15 

12,800  " 

14  x  14 

180  in. 

47| 

92f 

67} 

72^ 

87! 

70! 

77} 

83 

83| 

45! 

.67! 

67} 

72} 

15 

14,700  " 

These  steam  fans  may  be  supplied  with  various  sizes  of  engines,  according  to  the  steam  pres- 
sures under  which  they  are  to  operate,  therefore  the  engine  dimensions  above  given  are  necessarily  varia- 
ble. A  uniform  ratio  of  proportions,  dimensions  and  capacities  exists  throughout  all  sizes  of  Buffalo 
fans.  See  table  above,  tables  of  capacities  pages  74,  85  and  102.  Fans  of  no  other  manufacture  show  like 
regularity  in  construction  details.  All  are  inefficient  corresponding  to  their  variance  from  this  standard. 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Steam  Fan, 

With  Three-quarter  Steel  Plate  Housing. 


Fan  Right  Hand  Bottom  Horizontal  Discharge,  Direct  Attached  Horizontal  Engine. 
Regular  Construction  is  Braced  with  Heavy  Angle  Irons  (see  Pages  58  and  82). 


72 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Steam  Fans, 


Three-quarter  Housing  Type.     Right  Hand  Bottom  Horizontal  Discharge. 

-E- 


TABLE  OF  PRINCIPAL  DIMENSIONS— IN  INCHES. 


SIZE 

A 

B 

C 

D 

E 

F 

G 

H 

J 

**• 

L 

M 

N        0 

P 

W'GHT 

6x8 

110  in. 

73% 

41 

30% 

50% 

47% 

53% 

483^     40 

513/g 

41       29% 

41% 

4434"     8% 

51% 

3920 

6%  x  8% 

120  in. 

79% 

44  M 

32% 

55/s 

52%      58% 

48^     43% 

56 

44^  31% 

43% 

47%     8% 

56  % 

4625 

8x8 

130  in.         86X 

48% 

35% 

60 

56%      63% 

58 

47 

60% 

48%  33% 

49  % 

51%    10%   61 

6525 

10  x  10 

140  in. 

92% 

52% 

38 

64% 

60%      68% 

58^     51% 

65% 

52% 

36% 

51% 

54     ,10%   643^ 

7320 

10  x  12 

150  in.         983A 

56 

39% 

69% 

65%      73%      78%     54% 

70% 

56 

38% 

55% 

62%    12       69% 

10130 

12  x  12 

1 

160  in. 

104% 

59M 

42% 

73ft 

69%      78% 

78% 

58% 

74% 

593^ 

41 

58  % 

64%    12       74% 

10820 

12  x  14 

170  in. 

110% 

63% 

45 

78/2 

74          83 

82         62 

79/s 

63% 

43% 

65/2 

69%    15 

79 

12800 

14  x  14 

180  in.       117% 

67% 

47% 

83% 

78% 

87% 

83 

65^ 

83ft, 

67%  453^ 

677/8 

72%  i  15       833^ 

14700 

These  steam  fans  may  be  supplied  with  various  sizes  of  horizontal  engines,  according  to  the 
steam  pressures  under  which  they  are  to  operate,  therefore  the  engine  dimensions  above  given  are 
necessarily  variable. 

A  uniform  ratio  of  proportions,  dimensions  and  capacities  exists  throughout  all  sizes  of  Buffalo 
fans.  See  table  above,  tables  of  capacities,  pages  74, 85 and  102.  Fans  of  no  other  manufacture  show  like 
regularity  in  construction  details.  All  are  inefficient  corresponding  to  their  variance  from  this  standard. 


73 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Steam  and  Pulley  Fans, 

With  Three-quarter  Steel  Plate  Housings. 


The  Heating  and  Ventilating  Machinery  for  Valentine  Theater  and  Office  Building,  Toledo,  O. 

CAPACITIES   IN   CUBIC    FEET   PER    MINUTE. 


SIZE, 

REVOLUTIONS  PER  MINUTE 

INCHES 

80 

100 

ISO 

200 

25O 

300 

350 

400 

110 

15160 

18960 

28440 

37920 

47400     56880     66360 

75840 

120 

19840 

24800 

37200 

49600 

62000     74400     86800 

130 

24960 

31200 

46800 

62400 

78000 

140 

30680 

38354 

57531 

76708 

95885 

150 

39400 

49260 

73890 

98520 

160 

47648 

59560 

89340 

119120 

170 

57280 

71600 

107400 

180 

66144 

82680 

124020 

The  capacities  above  tabulated  are  not  "  theoretical."  They  are  guaranteed  deliveries  at  fan 
outlets,  where  the  full  areas  of  fan  inlets  and  outlets  are  preserved.  A  uniform  ratio  of  proportions, 
dimensions  and  capacities  exists  throughout  all  sizes  of  Buffalo  fans.  Fans  of  no  other  manufacture 
show  like  regularity  in  construction  details.  All  are  inefficient  corresponding  to  their  variance  from 
this  standard. 


74 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Steam  and  Pulley  Fans, 

With  Three-quarter  Steel  Plate  Housings. 


IN  THE  majority  of  applications  of  large  steel  plate  fans  for  any  service,  considerable  can  be  gained 
in  convenience  of  arrangement  and  economy  of  operation  by  building  them  in  the  three-quarter 
housing  form.  They  are  thus  furnished  for  driving  by  pulley  and  belt,  or  with  steam  engines. 

Buffalo  Three-quarter  Housing  Fans  are  built  either  right  or  left  hand  in  any  of  the  discharges 
given  for  the  full  housing  fans.  The  more  common  forms,  however,  are  bottom  horizontal,  top  hori- 
zontal, and  up-blast.  The  first,  illustrated  by  the  engraving  on  page  72,  is  often  desirable  for  blowing 
batteries  of  boiler  fires,  and  in  the  Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating,  where  air  ducts  of 
brick  or  tile  are  beneath  the  floor.  A  top  horizontal  discharge  is  naturally  selected  when  a  galvanized 
iron  piping  main  is  run  overhead,  and  immediately  beneath  the  basement  ceiling  from  which  risers 
and  branches  lead  to  the  various  points  of  distribution.  The  up-blast  discharge,  alike  in  three-quarter 
housing  and  full  housing  fans,  is  peculiarly  adapted  to  the  one  stand  pipe  system  of  factory  heating  and 
ventilation.  These  fans  are  used  for  the  same  variety  of  purposes  as  the  full  housing  type.  Extra 
heavy  stock  for  the  shells  is  employed,  rigidly  stayed  and  stiffened  by  heavy  "  T  "  irons  placed  on  the 
sides  of  fans,  which  is  shown  by  the  cut  on  page  58.  Complete  drawings  for  foundations  and  appli- 
cation are  furnished  with  every  order. 

We  build  a  line  of  blowers,  in  general  appearance  and  dimensions  similar  to  those  in  the  tables 
for  the  regular  Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Fans,  but  especially  adapted  for  the  various  lines  of  iron  and  steel 
manufacture,  which  require  a  larger  volume  of  air  than  can  be  secured  by  the  largest  "  B  "  blowers, 
and  at  nearly  as  great  a  pressure  as  these  fans  are  capable  of  furnishing.  To  meet  the  requirements 
of  these  conditions,  and  to  equal  the  high  standard  of  durability  and  quiet  running  of  all  Buffalo 
blowers,  extra  heavy  steel  plate  is  selected,  with  side  plates  and  foundation  frames  of  increased 
stiffness  and  rigidity.  The  shafts,  wheels  and  other  parts  are  also  of  extra  strength. 

The  Buffalo  Three-quarter  Housing  Steel  Plate  Fans  are  furnished  with  both  side  and  center- 
crank  horizontal  engines,  as  may  be  purchased,  there  being  some  difference  in  the  cost.  Attention 
is  also  further  directed  to  the  very  compact  and  desirable  arrangement  afforded  by  the  Buffalo  Single 
Upright  Engines,  illustrated  on  page  34,  when  direct  connected  to  a  three-quarter  housing  fan.  The 
cylinder  being  above  the  shaft,  and  the  total  height  of  the  engine  seldom  exceeding  the  height  of  the 
shell,  both  the  floor  and  head  space  are  reduced  to  a  minimum.  A  sub-base  is  not  often  required, 
and  no  governor  or  fly  wheels  are  used  on  direct-connected  fans  and  engines.  Double  Single-acting 
Engines  (see  page  32),  likewise  equipped,  are  often  used  for  small  three-quarter  housing  fans. 

DOUBLE  ARRANGEMENT.  Two  Buffalo  Three-quarter  Housing  Fans  are  often  employed  in 
preference  to  a  single  fan  of  equal  capacity.  Less  vertical  space  is  consumed  and  as  the  fans  when 
used  for  heating  and  ventilating  are  commonly  placed  in  the  basement,  the  adopting  of  the  double 
arrangement  is  often  the  only  method  of  obtaining  the  required  volume  without  building  a  special 
house  for  the  apparatus,  which  would  materially  increase  the  installation  cost.  In  ordering  or 
making  inquiries  about  three-quarter  housing  steel  plate  fans,  full  details  of  the  requirements  should 
be  given,  together  with  dimensions  of  the  space  available. 

75 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Steam  and  Pulley  Fans, 


Self-oiling  Journal  Bearing. 


Sectional  View  of  Oil  Ring  Bearing. 


The  Bearing  Bracket. 


End  View  of  Oil  Ring  Bearing. 


76 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Pulley  Fans, 

Three-quarter  Housing  Type.      Right  Hand  Top  Horizontal  Discharge. 


TABLE  OF  PRINCIPAL  DIMENSIONS— IN  INCHES. 


SIZE, 
INCHES 

A 

B 

C 

I             1 
D           E            F 

G 

H 

J 

I 
K          L 

M 

N        WEIGHT 

110 

30/g 

56%- 

41 

44%      53%:      43 

47X 

51^ 

29^ 

31%      41 

18 

13            3200 

120 

32%      61%      44%: 

48TV      58%      47 

si# 

54^ 

31X 

34         44%:        20 

14            4000 

130 

35%      67         48% 

52)4      63%      50%: 

tt>/2 

61 

33% 

36%      48% 

22 

15            5300 

140 

38          72%      52% 

56ft      68%      55  X 

W/2 

643^ 

36%: 

39/s      52%- 

24 

16            7000 

150 

3934;      77%      56 

60%      73%      59 

64^ 

69  K 

38% 

42%      56 

26 

17 

8100 

160 

42%      82% 

59%: 

64|£      78^      63 

68%: 

74^ 

41 

45%      59^ 

28 

18 

9320 

170        45          87% 

63%      68%:      83          66#      72%: 

79          433/g 

47%      63% 

30 

19 

10300 

180        47% 

92%      67%      7219      87%      70%-      77% 

8334:      45  X 

50%      67% 

32 

20 

11700. 

The  three-quarter  housing  pulley  fans  may  be  furnished  right  or  left  hand,  of  any  desired 
discharge,  or  to  discharge  in  two  or  more  directions. 

A  uniform  ratio  of  proportions,  dimensions  and  capacities  exists  throughout  all  sizes  of  Buffalo 
fans.  See  table  above,  table  of  capacities,  pages  74,  85  and  102.  Fans  of  no  other  manufacture  show 
like  regularity  in  construction  details.  All  are  inefficient  corresponding  to  their  variance  from  this 
standard. 


77 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Steam  Fan, 

Special  Top  and  Bottom  Horizontal  Discharge. 


Self-contained  Upright  Engine,  Cylinder  Below  the  Shaft,  Both  Bearings 
on  Engine  Side,  Fan  Wheel  Overhung. 


78 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Steam  Fans, 

Special  Discharges,  Oil  Ring  Bearings,  Etc. 


ADVANTAGES  OF  DOUBLE  DISCHARGES.  Especially  where  used  in  the  Buffalo  Fan  System 
of  Heating  and  Ventilating,  where  the  location  of  the  outfit  is  at  a  central  point  in  relation  to  the  space 
to  be  heated,  a  fan  of  double  discharge  ofttimes  is  of  great  convenience,  in  some  instances  being  the 
only  manner  in  which  the  application  could  be  made.  Built  as  shown  by  the  engraving  on  page  78, 
and  used  in  connection  with  a  coil  heater,  the  fan  would  handle  the  air  hot,  drawing  it  over  the  coils, 
and  deliver  an  equal  portion  through  each  outlet,  from  whence  it  would  be  conveyed  to  the  various 
distributing  flues.  These  special  steam  fans  are  constructed  to  discharge  in  any  given  angles,  and  can 
be  readily  furnished  with  any  reasonable  number  of  outlets  of  various  capacity  of  air  delivery  and  for 
different  directions.  As  may  be  seen  by  the  cut,  the  air  moved  by  that  fan  is  discharged  horizontally 
at  the  top  and  bottom. 

THE  BUFFALO  OIL  RING  BEARINGS.  On  all  Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Steam  and  Pulley  Fans, 
this  general  form  of  journal  bearing  is  employed.  On  the  larger  fan  boxes  a  chain  is  used  instead  of 
the  ring.  The  component  parts  and  construction  are  so  clearly  portrayed  in  the  engraving  appearing 
on  page  76  that  a  description  is  unnecessary.  As  will  be  readily  appreciated,  a  more  positive 
or  perfect  bearing  for  rapidly  rotating  parts  does  not  exist.  This  device  is  entirely  automatic  in  action, 
the  oil  being  constantly  carried  around  the  shaft  by  the  ring,  as  will  be  seen  by  reference  to  the  cut ; 
it  is  thus  impossible  for  the  bearings  to  be  without  lubrication  while  there  is  oil  in  the  chamber.  The 
dimensions  of  the  latter  are  ample,  and  the  oil  is  not  wasted.  The  ring  operates  perfectly  quiet  until 
the  oil  becomes  low  ;  when  any  noise  is  heard  it  may  be  taken  as  a  signal  for  re-filling.  The  bearings, 
however,  will  run  without  injury  for  quite  a  time  after  the  signal  for  re-filling  is  noticed.  The 
re-filling  of  the  oiling  device  is  not  required  oftener  than  once  a  week  even  under  continuous  high 
speeds.  Upon  the  point  of  requiring  practically  no  attention,  this  improved  bearing  possesses  merit 
unequalled  by  any  oiling  arrangement  yet  offered. 

APPLICATIONS.  Attention  has  previously  been  called  by  the  engravings  and  descriptions  to 
the  adaptation  of  Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Steam  Fans  of  special  construction  for  ventilation  and  forced 
draft  upon  steamboats.  These  machines  are  equally  well  suited  for  any  work  of  this  nature  where 
continuous  and  high  speed  is  required,  and  particularly  for  supplying  draft  to  batteries  of  boilers  in 
electric  light  stations,  power  plants,  etc.,  where,  at  the  same  time,  they  may  often  be  arranged  for 
cooling  the  engine  and  boiler  rooms,  and  thus  serve  a  double  purpose  to  great  advantage.  For  very 
large  bagasse  furnaces,  requiring  greater  fan  capacity  than  is  secured  in  the  "  B  "  type,  these  fans  are 
adapted  with  eminently  successful  results. 

The  Double  Enclosed  Engine  for  continuous  operation  affords  advantages  not  reached  in  any 
other  type,  and  naturally  stands  without  a  rival  for  location  where  dust  is  present  in  the  atmosphere. 
The  special  designs  illustrated  and  described  on  previous  pages  have  found  great  favor  with  our  custom- 
ers, and  have  not  only  been  adopted  for  innumerable  situations  of  the  nature  referred  to,  but  are  often 
selected  for  driving  the  fans  used  with  Buffalo  Lumber  Dry  Kilns,  where  a  constant  and  easy  running 
arrangement  is  imperative,  incident  to  such  kilns  as  are  run  to  their  fullest  capacity  without  cessation. 

79 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Steam  Fan, 

Cylinder  Below  the  Shaft. 


Right  Hand  Bottom  Horizontal  Discharge  Exhauster,  Self-contained  Upright  Engine,  Both 

Bearings  on  Engine  Side,  Fan  Wheel  Overhung,  Sides  Heavily 

Braced  with  Angle  Iron  like  Cut  on  Page  82. 


80 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Steam  Fans, 

With  Single  Upright  Engines. 


AS  THESE  machines  are  built  both  as  blowers  and  exhausters,  together  with  engines  adapted  for 
all  conditions,  the  uses  for  which  they  are  employed  are  almost  unlimited  in  number.  As  a 

part  of  the  Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating,  they  have  been  introduced  into 
thousands  of  buildings  with  pre-eminent  success. 

It  will  readily  be  seen  that  steam  fans  possess  marked  advantages  over  belt-driven  ones,  inas- 
much as  they  may  be  run  at  any  time,  at  any  speed,  and  independent  of  other  power.  The  volume 
and  pressure  of  air  can  be  changed  instantly,  and  belts  and  pulleys  are  also  avoided.  Under  many  con- 
ditions of  applications,  the  use  of  pulley  fans  would  involve  intricate  arrangements  in  the  transmission 
of  power,  which  are  entirely  eliminated  by  the  use  of  a  direct-connected  engine. 

These  fans  are  especially  fitted  for  moving  vitiated  air,  gases,  smoke  or  dust  from  a  room 
or  a  series  of  apartments  ;  for  blowing  fresh  cold  air  into  given  spaces,  through  properly-proportioned 
flues  or  ducts  ;  for  maintaining  a  cool  temperature  in  over-heated  workrooms,  such  as  found  in  rolling 
mills,  foundry,  boiler  rooms  and  various  kindred  industries  ;  for  blowing  puddling,  boiler  or  heating 
furnace  fires.  In  cold  storage  warehouses,  malt  houses,  breweries,  etc.,  these  fans  have  been  found 
indispensable.  For  any  purpose  where  a  large  volume  of  air  is  to  be  handled  with  a  minimum 
expenditure  of  power,  they  are  unequalled  by  any  other  type. 

In  the  Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating,  and  elsewhere  requiring  the  use  of  a 
full  housing  steam  fan,  the  single  upright  engine  with  cylinder  below  the  shaft  is  ordinarily  employed. 
Very  large  fans  for  such  purposes  are  usually  built  three-quarter  housed,  although  they  may  be 
furnished  in  the  full  housing  type  with  upright  engines,  either  of  the  single  or  double  form. 

As  clearly  illustrated  by  the  accompanying  engravings,  our  line  of  upright  engines,  both  single 
and  double,  is  replete  with  designs  suitable  for  all  conditions.  Fans  up  to  and  including  the  100-inch 
size  may  be  supplied  with  the  direct-connected  Buffalo  Double  Single-acting  Upright  Enclosed 
Engines  running  in  oil,  as  per  the  engraving  on  page  67,  and  for  dusty  situations,  high  speed  and  con- 
tinuous service,  this  form  is  peculiarly  adapted.  These  engines  direct  connected  to  full  housing  fans 
require  and  are  furnished  with  a  handsome  cast  iron  sub-base.  Many  purchasers  of  steam  fans 
below  70  inches  in  diameter  prefer  engines  with  cylinders  above  the  shaft,  and  provision  is  made  for 
this  in  both  single  and  double  types.  These  small  sizes  of  fans  may  also  be  equipped  with  engines  of 
equal  efficiency  with  cylinders  below  the  shaft,  like  the  cut  on  the  following  page.  The  original  type  of 
Buffalo  Steam  Fan  with  single  upright  engine  has  been  replaced  with  more  modern  and  efficient 
engine  construction,  and  improvements,  wherever  possible,  will  always  be  made  in  the  output  of  these 
works.  Full  details  of  the  various  designs  will  be  preserved,  to  the  end  of  promptly  supplying  repairs. 

In  ordering  a  steam  fan,  or  making  inquiries  as  to  prices,  always  be  sure  to  state  hand,  the 
form  of  discharge  and  style  of  engine  desired,  the  steam  pressure  carried  at  the  boilers,  and  what 
work  the  fan  is  intended  to  perform.  A  drawing,  showing  the  proposed  setting  position  of  the  fan  and 
all  other  details,  will  greatly  facilitate  the  selection  of  the  proper  machine  for  the  work  ;  send  too 
much  data,  rather  than  too  little. 

81 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Steam  Fan, 


Cylinder  Beneath  the  Shaft. 


Right  Hand  Bottom  Horizontal  Discharge  Exhauster,  Fan  Wheel  Overhung, 
Single  Upright  Self-contained  Engine. 


82 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Steam  Fans, 

With  Single  Upright  Engines. 


THE  half-tone  engraving  appearing  on  the  opposite  page  illustrates  the  latest  developments  in 
upright  engine  fans,  and  the  design  is  manifestly  so  superior  to  others  upon  the  market,  that 
special  reference  to  the  most  prominent  features  will  be  of  interest.  Being  self-contained, 
defective  foundations  do  not  easily  affect  the  alignment  of  the  engine,  with  the  usual  attendant 
effect  of  pounding  and  heating  common  to  ordinary  fan  engines.  The  fan  wheels  are  overhung, 
with  the  exception  of  sizes  above  90  inches,  both  bearings  being  supported  by  the  engine  frame  and  base. 
The  design  and  proportion  of  the  frame  give  great  rigidity  and  width  of  base.  All  working  strains  are 
in  a  straight  or  central  line.  The  engine  bearings,  which  are  unusually  large  in  their  ratio,  are  fitted 
with  self-oiling  rings,  and  lined  with  babbitt  metal.  The  crosshead  is  bored  and  tapered  to  receive  a 
hardened  steel  wrist  pin,  and  is  made  as  light  as  consistent.  The  crank  is  of  forged  steel.  The  valve 
chest  is  cast  to  cylinder  and  the  chest  is  bushed  with  valve  cages  arranged  for  easy  removal. 

As  will  at  once  be  seen,  the  design  of  this  upright  engine  is  of  most  pleasing  appearance  ;  all 
construction  details  are  likewise  of  exceptionally  high  order,  and  unequalled  by  any  other  fan  engine 
obtainable.  Each  part  is  easily  removable  or  accessible  for  repairs  and  adjustment.  Oiling  is 
accomplished  by  sight-feed  lubricators  of  large  capacity,  the  upper  portion  of  the  engine  being  entirely 
encased  by  an  oil-tight  cast  iron  hood.  In  all  respects  the  engine  is  most  cleanly. 

Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Steam  Fans  are  regularly  built  as  exhausters,  or  with  one  inlet,  located 
directly  opposite  the  engine.  A  steel  plate  blower  has  two  inlets,  therefore  the  area  of  the  one  inlet 
of  an  exhauster  is  sufficiently  enlarged  to  compensate  for  the  fan  having  but  one  source  of  air  supply, 
and  to  enable  it  to  derive  therefrom  the  full  amount  it  is  capable  of  handling.  Where  necessity 
demands,  however,  these  steam  fans  can  readily  be  built  as  blowers  with  two  inlets.  All  sizes  of  steel 
plate  fans  with  upright  engines  are  furnished  either  right  or  left  hand,  to  discharge  either  top 
horizontal,  bottom  horizontal,  up  blast  or  down  blast ;  they  may  be  built  to  order  to  deliver  air  in  any 
other  direction,  or  with  two  or  more  discharges.  Where  steel  plate  fans  are  to  be  placed  in  existing 
buildings,  accessible  only  by  narrow  or  limited  passage-ways,  they  can  be  so  arranged  that  the  upper 
portion  of  the  casing  may  be  easily  removed  or  they  can  be  taken  entirely  apart,  and  erected  after 
arrival.  This  point  should  be  referred  to  in  ordering,  together  with  hand  and  style  of  discharge  wanted. 

BUFFALO  STEAM  FAN.  CYLINDER  ABOVE  THE  SHAFT.  (See  next  page.)  The  smallest 
steam  fans,  viz.,  below  70  inches  in  height,  are  ofttimes  used  in  such  positions  that  an  engine  with 
cylinder  above  the  shaft  is  much  more  convenient  of  operation  than  the  regular  Buffalo  Upright 
Engine  Fan,  and  therefore,  when  requested,  are  furnished  in  the  latter  form.  In  this  type  of  steam 
fan,  the  cylinder  and  frame  are  one  casting,  the  base  of  which  is  wide  and  ribbed  to  give  ample  sta- 
bility. To  facilitate  repairs,  the  bearings  on  one  side  are  bolted  to  the  frame,  so  that  the  crank  can  be 
easily  removed.  A  hand  wheel  is  provided  to  throw  the  engine  off  the  center.  The  bearings  have 
our  self-oiling  rings.  All  the  details  of  the  engine  have  the  same  high  quality  of  material  and  work- 
manship as  used  on  all  Buffalo  Fan  Engines.  Page  67  illustrates  a  double  single-acting  engine  fan, 
cylinders  above  shaft. 

83 


Buffalo  Steel   Plate  Steam  Fan, 

Cylinder  Above  the  Shaft. 


Left  Hand  Bottom  Horizontal  Discharge  Exhauster,  Self-contained  Upright  Engine, 

Cylinder  Above  the  Shaft,  Both  Bearings  on  Engine  Side,  Fan  Wheel  Overhung, 

Sides  Heavily  Braced  with  Angle  Iron  like  Cut  on  Page  82. 


84 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Full  Housing  Fans, 


Capacities  in  Cubic  Feet  of  Air  per  Minute. 


SIZE, 
INCHES 

REVOLUTIONS  PER  MINUTE 

100 

15O 

200 

250 

30O 

35O 

400 

450 

500 

550 

600 

50 

1650 

2475 

3300 

4125 

4950 

5775 

6600    7425    8250    9075 

9900 

60 

2480 

3720 

4960 

6200 

7440 

8680    9920   11160   12400   13640 

14880 

70 

4500 

6750 

9000 

11250 

13500 

15750   18000   20250   22500 

80 

7070 

10605 

14140 

17675 

21210 

24745   28280   31815 

90 

10400 

15600 

20800 

26000 

31200   36400   41600 

100 

14280 

21420 

28560 

35700   42840   49980   57120 

110 

18960 

28440 

37920 

47400 

56880 

66360 

120 

24800 

37200 

49600 

62000 

74400 

130 

31200    46800 

62400 

78000 

109200 

140 

38354 

57531 

76708 

95885 

150 

49260 

73890 

98520 

123150 

Buffalo  Full  and  Three-quarter  Housing  Fans, 

Capacities  at  Different  Velocities  and  Pressures. 


VELOCITIES  IN 

CUBIC  FEET 

PER  MINUTE  ;  PRESSURES  IN  OUNCES  AT  FAN  OUTLETS 

2584  FEET  PER  MINUTE, 

3654  FEET  PER  MINUTE, 

4482  FEET  PER  MINUTE, 

5175  FEET  PER  MINUTE, 

SIZE, 

K  OUNCE 

%  OUNCE 

K  OUNCE 

1  OUNCE 

INCHES 

Revolutions 

Revolutions 

Revolutions 

Revolutions 

Capacity 

per 
Minute 

Capacity 

per 
Minute 

Capacity      per 

1   Minute 

Capacity  .  ,     per 
Minute 

50 

5720 

346 

8140 

492 

i 
9900      600 

11440 

693 

60 

8060 

325 

11470 

462 

13950      562 

16120 

650 

70 

11440 

254 

16280 

361 

19800      441 

22880       509 

80 

15080 

213 

21460 

303 

26100      369 

30160       426 

90 

19500 

187 

27750 

266      33750      325 

39000       376 

100 

24180 

170 

34410 

242 

41850      294 

48360       340 

110 

29120 

153 

41540 

217    i   50400      265 

58240       307 

120 

34840 

140 

49580 

195 

60300      243 

69680 

280 

130 

41080 

131 

58460 

187 

71100      227 

82160       263 

140 

47580 

124 

67710 

172 

82350      214       95160       248 

150 

54600 

110 

77700 

161 

94500      196 

109200 

227 

160 

62400 

104 

88800 

149 

108000      181 

124800 

209 

170 

70460 

98 

100270 

140 

121950      171 

140920 

197 

180 

79040 

95 

1  12480 

136 

136800      165 

158080 

191 

The  capacities  above  tabulated  are  not  "  theoretical,"  as  commonly  published.  They  are 
guaranteed  deliveries  at  fan  outlets,  where  the  full  areas  of  fan  inlets  and  outlets  are  preserved. 

A  uniform  ratio  of  proportions,  dimensions  and  capacities  exists  throughout  all  sizes  of  Buffalo 
fans.  See  table  above,  tables  of  dimensions,  pages  86,  87  and  102.  Fans  of  no  other  manufacture 
show  like  regularity  in  construction  details.  All  are  inefficient  corresponding  to  their  variance  from 
this  standard. 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Steam  Fans, 

Upright  Self-contained  Engine.     Right  Hand  Bottom  Horizontal  Discharge. 


TABLE  OF  PRINCIPAL  DIMENSIONS— IN  INCHES. 


SIZE 

A 

B 

C 

D 

E 

F 

G 

T_T 

J 

K 

L          M          N     !   WEIGHT 

3^x5 
50  in. 

18J* 

21% 

24% 

20 

20 

27 

23 

24^ 

15K 

16%' 

18%       11%      22^      1025  Ibs. 

4x5 
60  in. 

22% 

25% 

29/g 

24^ 

24  ^ 

32/8 

27^ 

26^ 

17/8 

18 

22%       13%   i  24%      1254    " 

4%x7 
70  in. 

26 

30% 

34% 

28% 

28^ 

37^ 

32X 

34X 

19% 

20% 

26       :    15%      29%      1760    " 

5%x7 
80  in. 

29% 

34% 

39% 

32fV 

32tV 

43^ 

36% 

39^ 

21% 

22  % 

29%      17          31%     2206    " 

6x8 
90  in. 

33% 

39 

44 

36% 

36^ 

48^ 

41^ 

43 

24^ 

24% 

33%       18%      36%     2830    " 

6%x8 
100  in. 

37% 

43/8 

48% 

40A 

40T\ 

53^ 

46^ 

453^ 

25% 

26^ 

37%      21%      38%     3370    " 

6%x9 
110.  in. 

41 

47% 

53% 

44% 

44/8 

59X 

50^ 

51^ 

29 

28% 

41       i  23%      40%      4325    " 

7x9 

120  in. 

44% 

52% 

58% 

48r78 

48/5 

64^ 

55/8 

54^ 

31/8 

31% 

44%   ;  25%      43%     5260    " 

7%x9 
130  in. 

48% 

56^ 

63  % 

52^ 

52^ 

70 

60 

61 

3334: 

33% 

48^      27%      45%     6700    " 

All  above  fans  are  furnished  with  Buffalo  Self-contained  Upright  Engines,  and  the  fan  wheels 
are  overhung,  excepting  in  the  last  four  sizes.  Different  engine  sizes  are  used  for  low  steam 
pressures.  In  these  cases,  the  dimensions  above  will  not  apply,  but  will  be  furnished  on  application. 
A  uniform  ratio  of  proportions,  dimensions  and  capacities  exists  throughout  all  sizes  of  Buffalo  fans. 
See  table  above,  tables  of  capacities,  pages  85  and  102.  Fans  of  no  other  manufacture  show  like 
regularity  in  construction  details.  All  are  inefficient  corresponding  to  their  variance  from  this  standard. 


86 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Steam  Fans, 

Upright  Self-contained  Engines.     Right  Hand  Top  Horizontal  Discharge. 


TABLE  OF  PRINCIPAL  DIMENSIONS— IN  INCHES. 


SIZE          A 

B 

C 

D 

E 

F 

G 

H 

J           K 

T 

M 

N 

WEIGHT 

350in5     I8l/2 

20 

24^ 

23/ 

26'/2 

23^ 

26 

24^ 

15^      16* 

18K 

11/8 

22)^ 

1025  Ibs. 

640Xin.      22* 

24_i, 

29  H 

27^ 

31/8 

28 

31  ys 

26^ 

17^       18 

22X 

13X 

243^ 

1254    " 

470  in.      26 

28^ 

34X 

32X 

36X 

37^ 

36# 

34X 

19^      20^ 

26 

15/8 

2934: 

1763    " 

5/2  x  7     293/ 
80  in.      ^A 

32^ 

39/8 

36^ 

41/8 

37# 

41  /s 

39^ 

21#      22^ 

29^ 

17 

31# 

2206    " 

6x8       ^  ,/ 
90  in.      JJ/2 

36j< 

44 

41 

46 

44 

46^ 

43 

24^      24^ 

33^ 

IBH 

3634- 

2830    " 

6^x8     ,„,/ 
100  in. 

«0& 

48^ 

45^ 

51  /s 

47 

51^ 

45  J< 

25^      26)4 

37K 

21X 

38^ 

3370    " 

6^x9 
110  in. 

443/6 

53^ 

50X 

56# 

51 

56^ 

51^ 

29         28^ 

41 

23^ 

40^ 

4323    " 

7x9       443/ 
120  in. 

«A 

58^ 

55  # 

61^ 

56 

61  /8 

54^ 

313/8      31^ 

44^ 

25^ 

43^ 

5260    " 

IS  in9     48^ 

52  K 

63^ 

59^ 

66'^ 

61 

67 

61 

33^      33^ 

48/ 

27  /s 

45^ 

6700    " 

All  above  fans  are  furnished  with  Buffalo  Self-contained  Upright  Engines,  and  the  fan  wheels 
are  overhung,  excepting  in  the  last  four  sizes.  Different  engine  sizes  are  used  for  low  pressures. 
In  these  cases,  the  dimensions  above  will  not  apply,  but  will  be  furnished  on  application.  A  uniform 
ratio  of  proportions,  dimensions  and  capacities  exists  throughout  all  sizes  of  Buffalo  fans.  See 
table  above,  tables  of  capacities,  pages  85  and  102.  Fans  of  no  other  manufacture  show  like  regu- 
larity in  construction  details.  All  are  inefficient  corresponding  to  their  variance  from  this  standard. 

87 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Fan  Wheel, 

For  Brick  and  Wood  Housings. 


Fan  Wheel  in  Three-quarter  Wood  Housing,  with  Direct-attached  Horizontal  Engine.     Built 

as  Right  Hand  Up-discharge  Exhauster.     A  Common  Form  for  Mine  Ventilation. 

Wood  Housing  at  Top,  and  Brick  at  Bottom,  Broken  to  Show  Wheel. 


88 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Fan  Wheels, 

For  Brick  and  Wood  Housings. 


THE  engravings  appearing  on  pages  90,  92  and  93  plainly  show  the  designs  and  construction  of  the 
Buffalo  Fan  Wheels.  Three  forms  of  spiders  are  employed,  viz.,  single,  double  and  triple, 

according  to  the  wheel  diameter.  These  wheels  are  employed  for  ventilating  and  similar 
work,  where  it  is  desired  to  handle  a  large  volume  of  air  at  a  moderate  velocity,  as  a  rule  not  exceed- 
ing one  to  one  and  a  half  ounces  per  square  inch. 

Built  into  brick  and  wood  housings  (see  page  88),  they  have  found  great  favor  with  mine 
owners  and  operators,  for  ventilating  mines.  In  this  capacity,  they  have,  in  a  large  number  of 
instances,  superseded,  at  a  great  saving  of  power  and  consequent  running  expenses,  the  antiquated 
forms  of  wooden  fans,  which,  previous  to  the  introduction  of  Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Fan  Wheels,  have 
been  widely  used  for  ventilating  apartments  of  mines.  The  steel  plate  full  housing  and  three-quarter 
housing  fan  types  are  also  largely  used  for  this  purpose.  The  fan  wheels  are  equally  well  adapted  for 
ventilating  railway  and  other  underground  tunnels,  large  basements,  public  buildings,  prisons,  etc.,  and 
for  this  service  have  been  applied  with  marked  success.  As  the  ventilation  of  mines  is  commonly 
accomplished  through  long  tunnels,  usually  emanating  from  a  mountain  or  hill,  and  by  exhausting  the 
air,  ready  connection  may  be  made  with  a  fan  of  the  form  shown  on  the  opposite  page. 

The  Buffalo  oil  ring  bearing,  which  is  unsurpassed  for  either  high  or  low  speeds,  is  embodied 
in  the  building  of  these  machines.  The  construction  of  all  blast  wheels  requires  the  greatest  skill  to 
secure  smooth  running  at  high  speeds.  The  method  in  vogue  at  our  works  of  securing  a  perfect 
metalline  counterpoise  has  been  so  systematized  as  to  render  it  unnecessary  to  employ  numerous  weight 
patch  pieces  at  different  points  on  the  wheel,  commonly  used  by  certain  manufacturers  in  balancing. 

Where  desired  for  handling  fumes  or  gases  of  such  nature  as  rapidly  attack  and  destroy  the 
steel  plate  ordinarily  used  in  their  construction,  we  can  readily  furnish  the  fan  wheels  made  of  copper 
and  the  housings  can  then  be  lined  or  coated  with  copper,  lead,  zinc,  tin  or  asphaltum.  Often  in 
such  conditions  the  housings  may  be  made  of  wood  and  will  not  require  any  protection,  this  being 
dependent  upon  the  chemical  composition  of  the  gases  handled  by  the  fan.  When  Buffalo  Fan  Wheels 
are  supplied  to  our  customers  with  steam  motors,  the  Buffalo  Horizontal  and  Upright  Engines,  else- 
where described,  and  especially  suited  for  fan  propulsion,  are  furnished  direct  attached  to  the  shaft  of 
the  fan  wheel,  or  if  the  conditions  of  application  are  better  suited,  the  wheels  are  then  driven  by  a  self- 
contained  engine,  located  to  run  by  a  convenient  belt  connection.  For  running  without  cessation  for 
long  periods,  common  to  mining  operations,  the  double  direct-connected  engines  afford  superior  advan- 
tages over  the  single  type.  With  the  working  parts  entirely  encased,  to  prevent  dust  reaching  the 
reciprocating  parts,  their  special  adaptation  is  at  once  appreciated.  The  fan  wheel,  with  its  accom- 
panying shaft,  pulley  and  bearings,  illustrated  on  page  92,  is  of  the  type  used  in  the  Buffalo  Steel 
Plate  Steam  and  Pulley  Fans.  For  large  volumes  of  air  at  moderate  velocity,  the  wheels  are  built 
wider  than  where  high  pressures  of  air  are  required  for  special  work,  the  form  then  taken  assuming 
the  opposite,  /'.  e.,  a  narrow  wheel  with  proportionately  enlarged  peripheral  velocity.  With  every  order 
for  Buffalo  Fan  Wheels,  complete  detailed  drawings  for  installing  will  be  furnished. 

89 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Fan  Wheel, 


For  Brick  or  Wood  Housings. 


Direct-attached  Inclined  Engine,  Double  Spider.     Illustration  from  Photograph  of  a 
Large  Mine  Ventilating  Wheel.     Wood  Housing  Used. 


90 


Sizes,  Capacities  and  List. 


HPHE  table  below  includes  the  regular  sizes  of  Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Fan  Wheels.     Special  wheels, 

1       either  wider  or  narrower  than  the  above  standards  or  of  varying  diameters,  may  be  readily  built 

to  order.     Accompany  orders  for  such  fans  with  full  details  as  to  the  air  delivery  required,  speed, 

etc.     If  to  be  driven  by  direct-attached  or  belted  engines,  mention  the  steam  pressure.     A  table  of 

capacities  at  velocities  less  than  %  oz.  and  in  excess  of  1  oz.  will  be  furnished  upon  application. 

With  every  order  for  Buffalo  Pulley  and  Steam  Fan  Wheels,  complete  drawings  for  building 
the  housing,  foundations  and  other  installation  details  will  be  furnished. 


_.. 

K-oz.  PRESSURE, 

%-oz.  PRESSURE,        K-oz.  PRESSURE, 

1-oz.  PRESSURE, 

1) 

VELOCITY 

VELOCITY                     VELOCITY 

VELOCITY               •£ 

bo 
c 

of 

. 

2585  FT.  PER 

3658  FT.  PER               4482  FT.  PER 

5175  FT.  PER            'i"^~ 

^ 

"c 

"E 

MINUTE 

MINUTE                        MINUTE 

MINUTE 

CTt  — 

C  *j 

rt  cu 

j! 

—  at 

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—  w 
"5  CD 

y-s   <- 

i 

cu'rt  E 

li,  CU 

I  0 

«1                    ^° 

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-IB  ~ 

—  c 
o  — 

B>a 
1 

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91 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Fan  Wheel, 


For  Brick  and  Wood  Housings. 


Fan  Wheel  with  Shaft,  Pulley  and  Bearings.     Single  Spider. 


92 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Fan  Wheel, 


For  Brick  and  Wood  Housings. 


Fan  Wheel  without  Shaft,  Pulley  or  Bearings.     Double  Spider. 


93 


BACK 


Buffalo    Steel    Plate    Cone    Fans, 

Furnished  with  Pulleys  or  Direct-attached  Engines. 


Built  Either  for  Forcing  or  Exhausting. 

94 


Buffalo  Steel   Plate   Cone  Fans, 


With  Pulleys  or  Direct-attached  Engines. 


OEVERAL  types  of  cone  fans  are  built  by  this  house,  although  but  one  illustration  is  herewith 
O  presented.  The  one  most  widely  used  is  shown  on  the  opposite  page  ;  the  others  are  not  carried 
in  stock,  and  are  built  only  upon  receipt  of  orders.  These  wheels,  as  they  are  sometime's  called, 
are  very  efficient  used  as  eduction  fans  for  ventilating  large  spaces.  They  are  also  equally  service- 
able for  forcing  cold  or  tempered  air  into  heating  chambers,  from  which  the  distribution  to  the  various 
rooms  to  be  heated  occurs  through  flues  connected  therewith,  each  having  an  indirect  coil  at  its  base. 
The  cone  fans  are  also  used  to  a  considerable  extent  in  connection  with  the  Buffalo  Fan  System 
Heater  Coils  for  drying  and  heating  work.  They  are  of  large  capacity  and  are  economical  of  power. 
The  Buffalo  Cone  Fans  possess  distinct  advantages  over  disc  fans,  as  they  will  deliver  air 
against  reasonable  resistance.  Back  air  currents  are  obviated,  and  the  centrifugal  force  of  the  fan 
blades  is  utilized.  Many  engineers  are  very  partial  to  this  type  of  fans  for  duties  such  as  outlined 
above.  When  used  in  connection  with  the  fan  system  heaters,  the  air  preferably  is  blown  through 
the  coils,  although  it  may  be  exhausted,  if  desired.  While  these  fans  are  seldom  driven  at  high 
velocities,  substantial  bearings  and  support  for  the  shaft  are  provided.  The  entire  construction  is 
thoroughly  rigid  ;  sustained  speeds,  therefore,  are  insured  without  heating  or  vibration. 

The  Buffalo  Cone  Fans  are  built  so  that  the  top  will  turn  either  to  right  or  left,  as  one  stands 
facing  the  inlet,  and  either  to  be  driven  by  pulley  or  direct-attached  engine.  It  should  be  stated  in 
ordering  which  way  the  fan  is  to  revolve.  When  used  for  ventilating  only,  and  placed  in  a  wall,  the 
action  of  the  fan  exhausts  the  air  from  the  space  beyond,  and  discharges  it  into  the  same  apartment 
in  which  it  is  placed.  When  desired,  the  Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Cone  Fans  may  be  furnished  with  direct- 
connected  engines  of  the  horizontal  or  upright  types  described  on  previous  pages.  The  steam 
pressure  under  which  the  engine  is  to  operate  and  speed  required  should  always  be  mentioned. 

TABLE  OF  SIZES,  SPEEDS  AND  CAPACITIES. 


Size  Diameter 
in  Inches 

Width 
in  Inches 

Diameter  of  Inlet 
in  Inches 

Capacity  Cubic  Feet 
per  Minute 

Revolutions 
per  Minute 

Diameter  of 
Pulley 

Face  of 
Pulley 

30 

7/2 

22^ 

10308 

570 

12 

5/2 

36 

9 

27^ 

14745 

475 

14 

6% 

42 

10# 

30 

17569 

407 

16 

7y2 

48 

12 

36^ 

26712 

356 

18 

7/2 

54 

13# 

387/8 

29715 

317 

20 

Q/2 

60 

15 

42/8 

35318 

285 

20 

Ql/2 

66 

16# 

47 

43161 

259 

22 

9^ 

72 

18 

52 

52842 

238 

24 

IOJ* 

84 

21 

60^ 

71084 

203 

28 

I2# 

96 

24 

68^ 

91477 

178 

32 

I2# 

108 

27                         77 

115904 

155 

36 

\2y2 

120 

30 

85^ 

142930 

142 

42 

12X 

144 

36                        \02/2 

206978 

118 

48 

14/2 

168 

42                        120 

281604 

101 

54 

U/2 

180 

45 

128^ 

325303 

95 

60 

16/2 

95 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Fan, 

With  Overhung  Pulley. 


Left  Hand  Top  Horizontal  Discharge  Exhauster.     Blowers  have  Two  Inlets. 


96 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Blowers  and  Exhausters, 

With  Overhung  Pulleys. 


WHILE  the  cuts  which  appear  on  pages  96  and  98  illustrate  Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Exhausters, 
'these  fans  are  as  often  built  as  blowers.  The  difference  between  a  blower  and  an  exhauster 
lies  in  the  former  having  two  inlets,  while  the  latter  has  but  one.  This  is  proportionately 
enlarged  in  area  over  the  size  of  one  of  the  inlets  in  a  blower,  and  is  opposite  the  pulley  side. 

The  steel  plate  volume  fans  are  primarily  designed  to  deliver  a  maximum  amount  of  air  with 
a  minimum  expenditure  of  power.  Upon  the  design  of  scroll  of  the  housing,  and  the  relative  propor- 
tion of  the  blast  wheel,  together  with  its  form,  depends,  not  only  the  amount  of  air  per  horse-power 
a  steel  plate  fan  is  capable  of  delivering,  but  its  quietness  of  operation.  Inlets  and  outlets  of  a  fan 
play  a  most  important  part  in  the  question  of  economy  of  power.  It  will  readily  be  seen,  therefore, 
that  it  is  a  matter  of  vital  importance  that  these  details  be  perfectly  in  proportion,  in  order  to  embody 
all  requisite  features  of  a  thoroughly  efficient  fan.  Whenever  the  inlets  or  outlets  of  a  fan  are  mis- 
proportioned,  much  of  the  power  applied  is  wasted. 

The  standard  of  proportions  of  Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Fans  has  been  adopted  as  the  outcome  of 
a  series  of  experiments  extending  over  a  number  of  years,  with  machines  in  actual  use.  The  results 
secured  warrant  the  assertion  that  better  proportions  do  not  exist  in  any  other  make  of  fan.  It  is 
evident,  from  the  work  performed  and  power  consumed  by  all  other  fans  upon  the  market,  that  such 
exhaustive  experiments  and  tests  with  component  parts  of  different  proportions  have  never  before 
been  so  systematically  conducted.  In  every  size  of  Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Fans,  correct  records  of  the 
indicated  and  actual  power  consumed  under  all  speeds  and  variations  of  atmospheric  conditions  are 
preserved,  and  the  proper  proportions  of  each  component  part  have  been  brought  down  to  the  finest 
point.  Every  fan  is  thoroughly  tested  before  leaving  our  works,  and  found  to  equal  the  best  results 
ever  secured  from  an  equal  size,  both  .as  to  power  consumed  and  quiet  running. 

The  Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Fans  are  built  of  homogeneous  patent  leveled  and  rolled  steel  sheets, 
free  from  buckles  and  of  the  greatest  stiffness.  The  portions  of  the  shell  are  riveted  to  angle  iron 
and  bolted  together.  Scrutiny  of  the  several  illustrations  of  steam  and  pulley  fans  appearing  through- 
out the  catalogue  will  result  in  a  clear  idea  of  the  forms  adopted  for  rigidly  staying  the  fan  cases  so 
that  they  will  run  without  vibration  in  the  different  sizes  and  designs  for  various  work.  Base  angle 
iron  foundation  frames  are  supplied,  all  portions  being  strongly  braced.  The  inlet  rings  are  of  cast 
iron,  to  which  the  bearing  brackets  are  bolted.  The  bearings  are  swiveled  to  prevent  springing  of  the 
shaft  when  the  machine  is  bolted  to  a  defective  foundation ;  they  are  equipped  with  same  oiling 
devices  as  illustrated  on  page  76,  have  large  wearing  surfaces,  and  are  well  lined  with  genuine  babbitt 
metal.  The  shafts  are  of  cold  rolled  steel,  of  large  diameter.  The  wheels  are  of  the  same  material 
and  workmanship  as  the  celebrated  Buffalo  Steel  Pressure  Blower  Blast  Wheels,  though  the  design  of 
the  steel  plate  fan  wheel  is  different,  being  of  the  general  form  illustrated  on  page  92. 

These  fans  are  regularly  built  both  right  or  left  hand,  and  to  deliver  air  in  any  of  the  following 
forms :  Bottom  horizontal,  top  horizontal,  up  blast,  and  down  blast.  They  may  be  readily  furnished 
in  all  sizes  to  discharge  in  any  one  or  two  angles,  to  suit  all  conditions  of  application. 

97 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Fan, 

With  Overhung  Pulley. 


Right  Hand  Bottom  Horizontal  Discharge  Exhauster.     Blowers  have  Two  Inlets. 


98 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Blowers  and  Exhausters, 

With  Overhung  Pulleys — Continued. 

Great  economy  of  power  in  moving  a  stated  volume  of  air  at  a  low  velocity  by  a  large  fan 
exists,  as  compared  with  the  movement  of  the  same  quantity  at  a  higher  pressure  by  a  smaller 
fan.  A  number  of  uses  to  which  blowers  are  now  applied  with  marked  success  require  a  large 
quantity  of  air  at  a  comparatively  high  pressure.  Heretofore,  for  large  plants  the  custom  has  been  to 
use  for  such  service  several  Buffalo  "B"  Volume  Blowers  of  sufficient  combined  capacity,  where 
the  largest  size  was  not  ample  for  the  work.  To  accomplish  the  same  work  with  one  blower,  we  build 
a  line  of  special  steel  plate  fans.  The  dimensions  and  proportions  are  so  varied  as  to  fit  them  to  a 
nicety  for  a  given  service.  Where  a  heavy  pressure  of  blast  is  called  for,  the  fans  are  built  with  a 
much  narrower  wheel  than  regular,  but  with  proportionately  larger  diameter. 

In  ordering  steel  plate  fans,  invariably  state  whether  blowers  or  exhausters  are  desired,  and 
the  hand  and  discharge  required.  The  hand  of  a  fan  is  determined  by  the  pulley  being  on  the  right 
or  left  side  of  the  machine,  standing  looking  into  the  outlet.  The  several  forms  of  discharge  are 
clearly  shown  by  the  various  engravings  herewith. 

GUARANTEE.  Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Blowers  and  Exhausters  are  guaranteed  to  be  built  of 
the  best  material  and  workmanship,  in  a  thoroughly  workmanlike  manner,  to  run  with  less  power,  to 
be  more  durable,  to  be  so  proportioned  as  to  give  the  greatest  suction  and  expulsive  force  obtainable, 
and  to  be  sold  at  lower  prices  for  the  same  size  and  capacity  than  those  of  any  other  manufacture. 
All  machines  having  their  component  dimensions  or  proportions  at  variance  with  Buffalo  Steel  Plate 
Fans  are  either  inordinate  consumers  of  power,  or  are  of  comparatively  inferior  air  capacity. 

PRICE  LIST  FULL  HOUSING  BLOWERS  AND  EXHAUSTERS. 


SIZE  OF  FAN, 
INCHES 

SIZE  OF 
OUTLET 

DlAM.  OF 

INLET 

PULLEYS 

AVERAGE 
SPEED 

CAP.  Cu.  FT.  AIR 
AT  ONE  Oz.  PRES. 

PRICE  OF 
PULLEY  FAN 

Diam. 

Face 

50 

18^  X  \Ql/2 

24% 

9 

7 

693 

11440 

$  110.00 

60 

22^  x  22% 

26% 

10 

8 

650 

16120 

140.00 

70       26   x  26 

34  X 

11 

9 

509 

22880 

180.00 

80      29^  x  29^ 

39^ 

12 

10 

426 

30160 

240.00 

90      33^  x  33^ 

43 

14 

11 

376 

39000 

300.00 

100 

vy4  x  37% 

45^ 

16 

12 

340 

48360 

400.00 

110 

41   x41 

51# 

18 

13 

307 

58240 

500.00 

120 

44^  x  44^ 

54# 

20 

14 

280 

69680 

'  650.00 

130 

48^  x48^ 

61 

22 

15 

263 

82160 

800.00 

140 

52^  x  52  # 

64% 

24 

16 

248 

95160 

1000.00 

150 

56   x  56 

69/2 

26 

17 

227 

109200 

1250.00 

160 

59%:  x  5934- 

74% 

28 

18 

209 

124800 

1500.00 

170 

63*/2  x  63^ 

79 

30 

19 

197 

140920 

1700.00 

NOTE — For  tables  of  detailed  dimensions  see  pages  100  and  101.  The  capacities  at  different 
speeds  are  tabulated  on  page  85.  The  last  seven  sizes  are  most  frequently  used  in  three-quarter 
housing ;  see  pages  58,  and  70  to  77.  Attention  is  called  to  the  uniformity  of  proportions  of  Buffalo 
Fans,  see  page  102. 


99 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Blowers  and  Exhausters, 

With  Overhung  Pulleys.     Right  Hand  Bottom  Horizontal  Discharge. 


TABLE  OF  PRINCIPAL  DIMENSIONS— IN  INCHES. 


SIZE 

A 

B 

C 

D 

E 

F 

G 

H 

I 

J 

K 

L 

M 

WEIGHT 

50  in. 

18% 

21% 

24% 

20 

20 

27 

23 

24^ 

17% 

18% 

22% 

7 

9 

875  Ibs. 

60   " 

22X 

25% 

29/8 

24A 

24TV 

32% 

27% 

26% 

19% 

22% 

26% 

8 

10 

1054    " 

70   " 

26 

30^ 

34^ 

28% 

28% 

37^ 

32% 

34X 

21% 

26 

30  X 

9 

11 

1513    " 

80   " 

29^ 

34% 

39% 

32f\ 

32ft 

43% 

36% 

39% 

24 

29^ 

34 

10 

12 

1906    •' 

90   " 

33% 

39 

44 

36# 

36X 

48% 

41% 

43 

26^ 

33% 

37^   ;      11 

14 

2332    " 

100   " 

37X 

43  % 

48% 

40A 

40r\ 

53% 

46% 

45^ 

28% 

3.7% 

42%         12 

16 

2720    " 

110   " 

41 

47^ 

53^ 

44% 

44% 

59X 

50^ 

51% 

31% 

41 

46X 

13 

18 

3463    " 

120   " 

44^ 

52% 

58% 

48TV 

*8& 

64% 

55% 

54% 

34 

44%: 

51 

14 

20 

4447    - 

130   " 

48% 

56% 

63% 

52% 

52% 

70 

60 

61 

36% 

48% 

54^ 

15 

22 

5800    " 

140   " 

52X 

60% 

68% 

56  & 

56^ 

75% 

64% 

64^ 

39% 

52X 

59% 

16 

24 

7850    " 

150   " 

56 

65# 

73# 

60^ 

60% 

80^ 

69X 

69% 

42% 

56 

63X 

17 

26 

8100    " 

The  dimension  "H"  refers  to  exhausters  only.  Blowers  have  two  inlets  of  equivalent  area. 
A  uniform  ratio  of  proportions,  dimensions  and  capacities  exists  throughout  all  sizes  of  Buffalo  fans. 
See  table  above,  tables  of  capacities,  pages  85  and  102.  Fans  of  no  other  manufacture  show  like 
regularity  in  construction  details.  All  are  inefficient  corresponding  to  their  variance  from  this  standard. 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Blowers  and  Exhausters, 

With  Overhung  Pulleys.     Right  Hand  Top  Horizontal  Discharge. 


TABLE  OF  PRINCIPAL  DIMENSIONS— IN  INCHES. 


r~ 

i 

SIZE     I      A 

B 

C 

D 

E 

F 

G 

H 

J 

K 

L 

M 

N 

0 

WEIGHT 

50  in.      \8l/2      20 

24^ 

23^ 

26/2 

23*4 

26 

24^ 

15^ 

17/8 

18^ 

22  if 

7 

9 

875  Ibs. 

60    "      22#      24T'5      29  /8 

27^ 

31/8 

28 

31# 

26^ 

n# 

19^ 

22  X 

26^ 

8 

10 

1054    " 

70    "      26 

28^ 

34^ 

32X 

36X 

37^ 

36X 

34^ 

i*# 

21^ 

26 

30^ 

9 

11 

1513    " 

80    "      29% 

32& 

39/s 

36# 

41% 

37^ 

41/8 

39>i 

21^ 

24 

29^ 

34 

10 

12 

1906    " 

90    "    ;  33)4 

36X 

44 

41 

46 

44 

46^      43 

24X 

26^ 

33^ 

3734T 

11 

14 

2332    " 

100    "      371X 

40r55 

48^ 

45^ 

51/8 

47 

51^ 

45^ 

25>i      28^ 

37X 

42^ 

12 

16 

2720    " 

110   "      41 

44/g 

53# 

50X 

56X      51       !  56^ 

51^ 

29         31  # 

41 

46^ 

13 

18 

3463    " 

120   "      44^ 

48A 

58^ 

55^ 

61^ 

56 

61^ 

54^ 

3\y&    34 

44^ 

51 

14 

20 

4447    .. 

130    "      4Q/2 

52^ 

63  J4 

$9/2 

66^ 

61 

67 

61 

33^      36/8 

48  </2 

54^ 

15 

22 

5800    " 

140    "      52X 

56& 

68/8 

MH 

nH 

65^ 

72^ 

64^ 

36^      39^ 

52^ 

$9'/2 

16   24 

7850    " 

150   "      56 

60^ 

73X 

68% 

76% 

70^ 

77X 

69^ 

38X 

42^ 

56 

63X 

17    26    8100    " 

The  dimension  "H"  refers  to  exhausters  only.  Blowers  have  two  inlets  of  equivalent  area. 
A  uniform  ratio  of  proportions,  dimensions  and  capacities  exists  throughout  all  sizes  of  Buffalo  fans. 
See  table  above,  tables  of  capacities,  pages  85  and  102.  Fans  of  no  other  manufacture  show  like 
regularity  in  construction  details.  All  are  inefficient  corresponding  to  their  variance  from  this  standard. 


Buffalo  Steel   Plate  Blowers  and  Exhausters, 

Proportion  Standard  of  Various  Sizes. 


A  UNI  FORM  ratio  of  proportions,  dimensions 
and  capacities  exists  throughout  all  sizes  of 
Buffalo  Fans.  Those  of  no  other  manufacture 
show  like  regularity  in  construction  details.  All 
are  inefficient  corresponding  to  their  variance  from 
this  standard. 

That  the  standard  of  proportion  of  Buffalo 
Steel  Plate  Fans  is  absolutely  correct,  is  shown  by 
greater  air  deliveries  with  less  power  than  it  is 
possible  to  obtain  with  other  fans,  under  identically 
the  same  conditions.  Attention  is  called  to  outline 
Figs.  1  and  2.  The  former  illus- 
trates the  unvarying  and  regu- 
lar ratio  of  proportion  com- 
mon to  all  sizes  of  stan- 
dard Buffalo  fans ; 
the  latter,  pre- 
pared 


Height 


Right  Hand  Top  Horizontal  Discharge  Blower 

from  published  catalogue   dimensions,  accurately 
shows  the  proportions  in  various  sizes  of  other 
fans,  whose  makers  claim  the  standard  of  ex- 
cellence.    A  careful  comparison  of  catalogue 
tables  will  verify  the  correctness  of  each  cut. 
The  intelligent  purchaser  need  not  be  told  that  Proportion  standard  of  other  Fans. 

fan  proportions,  /'.  e.,  size   of  wheel,    height   of  shell,   height  of  center,  size  of 
inlet,  outlet,  etc.,  correct  in  one  size  of  a  machine  must   necessarily  be 
carried  out   in  uniform    ratios   throughout   all    sizes,  in   order    to 
secure  the  highest  efficiency  obtainable. 

The    substantial   and   finished    construction   of 
Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Blowers  and  Exhausters  is 
especially  noteworthy.     Heavy  base  angle 
and  tee  irons  are  employed,  and  the 
sides  of  the  shells  are  likewise  rigidly  6o' 
stayed  and  stiffened.  The  wheels  are 
built  with  single,  double  and  triple  --- 
spiders,  according  to  the  diameters, 

and  are  accurately  Counterbalanced.  proportion  Standard  of  Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Fans.        Fig.  1. 


Height  of  Center 

.  Diam  Inlet 
Height  Outlet 
Width  of  Machint 


SO' 


Fig.  2. 
^Height 


„  Blast  Wheels 

^Height  of  Ceat»r 
-Inlet  Kings 
Outlets 


102 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Fans, 

With  Overhung  Pulleys. 


Right  Hand  Down-discharge  Exhauster. 

A  A 


Right  Hand  Up-discharge  Exhauster. 
103 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Pulley  Fan, 

With  Overhung  Wheel. 


Right  Hand  Bottom  Horizontal  Discharge  Exhauster. 


104 


With  Overhung  Wheels. 


THE  engraving  on  the  opposite  page  illustrates  the  type  selected  for  all  heating  and  ventilating 
work  where  a  pulley  fan  less  than  50  inches  in  diameter,  or  one  with  an  overhung  wheel,  is 
required.  This  style  of  fan  is  also  applied  for  a  multitude  of  other  uses,  such  as  blowing  boiler  fires,  any 
work  requiring  comparatively  large  capacities  of  air  at  quite  high  pressures,  and  for  handling  hot  air 
and  gases.  The  construction  throughout  is  very  heavy  and  substantial.  For  the  latter  use,  water-cooling 
boxes  are  provided  where  desired  and  so  ordered.  The  wheel  being  overhung  upon  the  shaft,  leaves 
the  inlet  entirely  unobstructed,  and  the  water-cooling  boxes  prevent  heating  of  the  journals.  These 
fans,  while  regularly  built  as  exhausters,  may  also  be  furnished  with  two  inlets  or  as  a  blower. 

While  of  the  same  general  outside  appearance  as  the  planing  mill  exhausters,  the  wheels  are 
constructed  differently,  being  specially  designed  to  handle  large  volumes  of  air  with  a  minimum  power 
expenditure.  The  boxes  are  adjustable  and  rigidly  supported,  and  are  of  the  well-known  Buffalo 
patented  oil  ring  type. 

Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Pulley  Fans  with  overhung  wheels  are  also  built  in  the  duplex  type,  /.  e., 
two  fans  driven  by  a  single  pulley  between,  where  especially  fitted  to  a  given  duty.  The  external 
dimensions  of  both  the  single  and  double  exhausters  are  practically  the  same  as  those  given  in  the 
table  for  the  steel  plate  planing  mill  fans,  and  these  are  sufficiently  close  for  approximate  estimates  of 
space  required.  Drawings  of  dimensions  in  detail  will  be  supplied  upon  request. 

The  prime  feature  of  the  design  of  these  exhausters,  upon  which  letters  patent  have  been 
obtained,  is  the  ability  to  change  the  discharge  of  the  machine  by  merely  unloosening  the  bolts 
securing  the  case  to  the  standard.  The  shell  may  be  then  turned  to  the  desired  discharge  and 
again  fastened  to  the  standard.  A  right  hand  bottom  horizontal  discharge,  as  shown  by  the  engraving, 
changed  to  a  top  horizontal,  would  then  become  a  left  hand  machine.  Both  the  single  and  double 
fans  are  built  in  the  usual  variety  of  discharges,  which  should  be  specified  in  ordering.  The  single 
exhausters  are  furnished  either  right  or  left  hand. 

PRICE  LIST  AND  TABLE  OF  CAPACITIES  AT  VARIOUS  SPEEDS. 


%-Oz.  PRESSURE 

%-Oz.  PRESSURE 

H-Oz.  PRESSURE 

1-Oz.  PRESSURE 

SIZE 

PRICE 

Revs. 

Cub.  Feet 

Revs. 

Cub.  Feet 

Revs. 

Cub.  Feet 

Revs. 

Cub.  Feet 

per  Minute 

per  Minute 

per  Minute 

per  Minute 

per  Minute 

per  Minute 

per  Minute 

per  Minute 

40  in. 

430 

3875      609 

4487      743      6723 

862 

7762 

$  80.00 

50 

346 

5720      492 

8140      600      9900      693 

11440     110.00 

60 

325 

8060      462 

11470      562      13950      650 

16120     140.00 

70 

254 

11440      361 

16280      441      19800      509 

22880     180.00 

80 

213 

15080      303 

21460      369     26100      426 

30160   i  240.00 

90 

187 

19500      266 

27750      325     33750      376 

39000     300.00 

100 

170 

24180 

242 

33410 

294 

41850 

340 

48360 

400.00 

105 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating,  Ventilating  and  Drying, 

Its  Adaptability,  Effectiveness  and  Economy. 


CONSULTING,  mechanical  and  heating  engineers,  architects,  steam-heating  contractors,  and 
projectors  of  modern  buildings  and  industrial  works,  are  all  familiar  with  the  advancement  to 
popular  favor  and  use  of  the  fan  system.  To  these,  it  need  not  be  pointed  out  that  the  growth  is 
without  parallel  in  the  history  of  all  heating  and  ventilating  apparatus.  While  the  development  has 
been  gradual,  it  has  been  healthy  and  well  assured,  so  that  to-day  there  is  little  question  as  to  what 
system  is  most  desirable  for  buildings  outfitted  with  the  most  advanced  appliances.  The  first 
question  now  is  "  Can  the  fan  system  be  introduced  ?  "  not  "  Which  system  is  best?  " — the  com- 
mon problem  a  few  years  since. 

A  direct  factor  of  the  general  adoption  of  the  fan  system  of  heating  and  ventilating  is  the 

widespread  distribution  of 
reliable  data  regarding  its 
installation  into  all  classes 
of  buildings  by  this  house. 
Early  recognizing  the  of- 
fice of  the  professional 
engineer,  not  only  in  con- 
nection with  public  struc- 
tures, but  with  the  mill 
and  manufactory  too,  no 
data  has  been  withheld  to 
retard  his  highest  useful- 
ness. As  will  be  at  once 
appreciated  from  the 
tables,  etc.,  herewith,  we 
aim  to  withhold  no  in- 
formation of  real  worth. 
While  contrary  to  the 

usual  policy  adopted,  it  is  the  avenue  through  which  the  widespread  use  of  the  fan  system  has  been 
reached.     It  has  placed  the  Buffalo  apparatus  far  in  advance  of  all  others. 

The  adaptability  of  the  Buffalo  Fan  System  for  heating,  ventilating  and  drying  uses  is  broad. 
In  the  earlier  history  of  this  method  of  heating  and  ventilating,  its  use  was  almost  wholly  confined  to 
buildings  having  rooms  of  large  area.  Such  are  yet  of  the  most  simple  application.  In  the  design 
of  buildings,  modern  in  all  features,  heating  and  ventilation  enters  as  one  of  the  architectural  con- 
siderations ;  then  the  installation  of  the  fan  system  in  a  large  office  building  with  innumerable  small 
rooms  is  an  easy  problem.  Clearly  defined  principles  as  to  the  best  application  of  apparatus  manu- 
factured by  this  house  have  been  fixed  by  years  of  experience  in  its  installation.  The  service  of  the 
machinery,  however,  is  at  the  command  of  engineers  designing  their  own  applications. 


Double  Duct  Fan  System  Apparatus. 


106 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating,  Ventilating  and  Drying. 

Its  Adaptability,  Effectiveness  and  Economy — Continued. 

In  effectiveness,  the  Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating  to-day  stands  without  a 
peer.  Controlled  by  the  present  improved  apparatus  for  the  automatic  regulation  of  temperature, 
maintaining  an  unvarying  degree  with  an  ample  supply  of  pure,  fresh  air,  and  the  ideal  system  is 
reached.  The  fan  system  is  distinct  from  all  others  in  that  the  temperature  throughout  a  well  con- 
structed building  to  which  it  is  properly  applied  is  uniform.  Be  the  apartment  large  or  small,  there 
need  be  no  perceptible  variation.  The  air  being  forced  into  the  room,  and  a  slight  pressure  main- 
tained therein,  the  tendency  is  for  an  outward  leakage  of  heated  currents  instead  of  an  inflow  of 
cold  ones  around  windows.  The  vitiated  and  cooled  air  naturally  finds  its  outlet  through  the  ven- 
tilating flues  provided  for  the  purpose.  These  ordinarily  being  of  area  slightly  less  than  the  hot  air 
flues,  obviate  escape  of  the  warmed  air  being  supplied  to  the  room  before  becoming  thoroughly 
diffused,  and  having  performed  its  duty  of  heating  and  ventilating  the  space.  Ventilation  and  heating 
go  hand  in  hand  with  the  fan  system,  and  a  building  is  not  uncomfortably  heated  in  one  portion 
and  too  cold  for  endurance  at  another,  because  of  the  constant  movement  of  the  warm  air  through- 
out all  portions,  ensured  by  the  sustained  action  of  the  fan. 

As  to  economy  of  fuel,  many  erroneous  ideas  exist.  The  coal  bill  alone  is  the  verdict  which 
must  stand.  Without  careful  investigation,  many  have  jumped  to  the  conclusion  that  ventilation  is 
highly  expensive,  and  argue  that  under  precisely  the  same  conditions  the  fuel  consumption  of  a  fan 
system  will  far  exceed  that  of  furnaces  or  other  direct  methods  of  heating  and  ventilation.  There  is 
to-day  ample  existing  evidence  as  to  the  fallacy  of  this.  In  school  buildings,  particularly,  it  is  easy  to 
make  comparisons,  for  all  of  the  large  cities  (though  now  installing  the  fan  system  in  later  buildings) 
have  other  heating  and  ventilating  methods  in  previous  ones,  equally  well  constructed  and  of  identical 
size,  conditions  of  exposure,  etc.,  etc.  Under  intelligent  handling  of  the  apparatus,  published  reports 
have  shown  the  consumption  of  coal  in  favor  of  the  fan  system  by  a  remarkably  large  margin  over 
furnace  systems,  and  a  very  high  per  cent,  as  compared  with  steam.  Added  to  this,  the  fan  system 
ensures,  without  reference  to  outside  conditions,  an  unvarying  fresh  air  supply,  always  at  the  right 
degree  for  comfort,  and  an  even  temperature.  Odious,  to  say  the  least,  is  this  comparison  as  against, 
at  the  very  best,  imperfect  ventilation,  directly  affected  by  atmospheric  conditions  and  general  unre- 
liability, which  are  features  of  all  other  heating  apparatus.  The  introduction  of  thermostats  marks 
an  important  step  in  saving  of  fuel.  Any  possible  waste  by  overheating  rooms  is  avoided.  Further 
on,  several  methods  of  application  are  fully  described  and  illustrated. 

Low  installation  cost  has  never  been  the  main  argument  used  in  favor  of  the  fan  system. 
However,  where  buildings  are  designed  with  proper  regard  to  heating  and  ventilation,  it  is  often  less 
than  any  other.  Alike  to  the  manufacturing  establishment,  the  school,  church,  theater,  office  or 
legislative  building,  the  fan  system  commends  itself  first  of  all,  as  being  the  most  humane,  by  eliminat- 
ing disease-laden  atmosphere,  the  breathing  of  which  authorities  agree  causes  40  per  cent,  of  all  deaths. 
To  public  sentiment  and  legislation,  insisting  upon  better  ventilation  as  the  feasibility  of  obtaining 
it  has  become  known,  may  be  ascribed  considerable  credit  for  the  present  bright  outlook  for  its  future. 
The  fan  has  become  the  recognized  factor  of  all  that  is  best  in  heating  and  ventilating  methods. 

107 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating,  Ventilating  and  Drying, 

Types  of  Apparatus. 


Fig.  i.     Right  Hand  Bottom  Horizontal  Discharge,  "  B"  Volume  Exhaust  Pulley  Fan, 

Drawing  Through  Heater. 


Fig.  2.     Left  Hand  Top  Horizontal  Discharge,  Steel  Plate  Pulley  Exhaust  Fan, 

Drawing  Through  Heater. 


1 08 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating,  Ventilating  and  Drying, 

Types  of  Small  Apparatus. 


WHERE  a  small  outfit  is  required  for  drying  purposes,  for  heating  and  ventilating  apartments, 
tempering  the  air  of  basements,  etc.,  the  forms  illustrated  are  very  convenient  and  the 
simplest  built.  Two  types  of  fans  are  used,  the  steel  plate  and  "  B  "  volume  exhausters.  Two  styles 
of  heaters  are  also  employed,  /'.  e.,  Buffalo  indirect  and  regular  fan  system  heater  coils.  The 
former,  indicated  by  two  *  *  in  the  table,  is  fully  described  and  illustrated  on  pages  122  and  123. 
These  outfits  are  invariably  furnished  without  headers. 

The  heater  coils,  indicated  by  a  single  *,  are  described  on  page  120  and  are  regularly  furnished 
with  a  header  arranged  for  one  kind  of  steam  only,  same  being  of  ample  size  for  exhaust.  The 
illustrations  show  only  the  types  of  outfits  indicated  by  a  single  *.  Both  heaters  are  encased  with 
steel  plate  jackets,  connected  to  the  fan  inlets.  By  special  arrangement,  these  outfits  may  be  built 
to  blow  through  the  heaters.  The  form  and  space  will  then  vary  from  the  table.  The  fans  are  made 
either  right  or  left  hand,  top  or  bottom  horizontal,  down  or  up-blast  discharge,  as  desired. 

For  drying  fruit,  wool,  cotton,  grain,  leather,  glue,  tobacco,  jute,  fibrous  material,  and  in  small 
lumber  and  brick  dryers,  these  outfits  have  found  great  favor  with  users.  Very  little  power  is  re- 
quired to  operate  the  plant,  and  a  far  more  efficient  drying  arrangement  is  thus  secured,  than  when 
direct  steam  coils  are  provided  for  the  purpose. 

BUFFALO  FAN  SYSTEM  APPARATUS  WITH  "B"  VOLUME  EXHAUST  FANS. 


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BUFFALO  FAN  SYSTEM  APPARATUS  WITH  STEEL  PLATE  EXHAUST  FANS. 


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109 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating,  Ventilating  and  Drying, 

Type  of  Apparatus,  with  Full  Housing  Fan. 


Left  Hand  Top  Horizontal  Discharge,  Steel  Plate  Steam  Fan,  Drawing  Through  Heater. 
Fans  are  Heavily  Braced  with  Angle  Irons  (see  Page  82). 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating,  Ventilating  and  Drying, 

Drawing  Through  Heater  (see  Opposite  Page). 


IT  HAS  been  demonstrated,  by  careful  tests  of  duplicate  buildings  equipped  with  the  Buffalo  Fan 
System,  built  both  exhausting  and  blowing  through  the  heaters,  that  there  is  practically  no 
difference  in  results  between  the  two  forms.  In  the  description  of  heating  and  ventilation  of 
public  buildings  which  follows,  it  will  be  observed  that  we  often  apply  these  outfits  to  supply  every  room 
with  both  warm  and  cold  air,  regulated  at  will.  Under  this  method  of  application,  the  apparatus 
assumes  the  blow-through  type  to  better  advantage.  For  certain  drying  work,  this  style  also  pos- 
sesses points  of  value  over  the  other  arrangement.  Excepting  when  the  conditions  above  referred  to 
exist,  the  form  the  outfit  shall  take  is,  therefore,  contingent  solely  upon  convenience  of  application. 

The  most  compact  Buffalo  Fan  System  apparatus  is  secured  when  the  fan  is  built  as  an 
exhauster,  the  outline  of  space  occupied  being  more  nearly  square  than  when  fan  blows  through  the 
heater.  Broadly  speaking,  the  relative  position  of  the  apparatus  to  the  space  to  be  heated  should  be 
as  central  as  is  practicable.  Then  the  arrangement  of  the  conveying  hot  air  pipes  or  ducts  will  usually 
be  the  least  complicated,  and  hence  entail  the  smallest  outlay.  To  secure  a  uniform  distribution  of 
air,  however,  this  is  not  absolutely  essential.  Whenever  it  is  not  feasible  to  locate  the  apparatus  cen- 
trally, the  best  results  will  generally  be  obtained  by  choosing  such  a  position  that  the  heated  air, 
through  the  medium  of  well  arranged  distributing  pipes,  will  constantly  be  forced  by  the  fan  toward  the 
most  exposed  portions  of  the  building.  The  outfit  illustrated  on  the  preceding  page  is  arranged  for  the 
fan  to  handle  the  air  heated  by  first  drawing  it  over  the  coils.  The  discharge  of  the  fan  may  be  bot- 
tom horizontal,  top  horizontal,  up  blast,  down  blast,  or  with  two  outlets  to  deliver  it  in  opposite  directions, 
and  either  right  or  left  hand,  whichever  will  be  best  adapted  to  existing  conditions.  Fresh  air  enters 
the  heating  chamber  after  the  manner  indicated  by  the  arrows  in  the  engraving,  then  comes  into  the 
fan  thoroughly  heated,  whence  it  is  forced  through  the  mains  and  branches  to  the  outlets  or  registers. 

The  heater  is  of  our  standard  construction,  described  in  detail  on  page  1 19,  and  the  fan  and 
engine  also  embody  all  latest  developments,  fully  referred  to  in  the  foregoing  pages.  In  the  outfit 
illustrated,  both  bearings  of  the  fan  are  upon  the  engine  side,  and  the  wheel  is  overhung.  The  inlet, 
therefore,  is  entirely  unobstructed  by  the  usual  supports  for  the  opposite  bearing.  The  use  of  the 
Buffalo  Self-contained  Upright  Engine,  with  its  broad  base  and  shaft  receiving  the  overhung  fan  wheel, 
ensures  smooth  running.  The  engraving  on  the  opposite  page  does  not  illustrate  all  the  present  existing 
construction  improvements.  The  fans  are  now  heavily  braced  with  angle  and  "T"  irons,  but  the  design 
of  single  upright  engine  with  cylinder  above  shaft  is  substantially  the  same  as  shown.  Purchasers,  in 
all  cases,  will  be  supplied  with  the  most  advanced  forms. 

The  heater  shown  is  composed  of  separate  sections,  each  of  which  have  four  rows  of  pipe  all 
independently  bolted  and  connected  to  the  steam  header.  Live  steam  direct  from  the  boilers,  and 
exhaust  steam  from  factory  or  mill  engine,  may  be  used  together  or  separately,  as  desired.  The 
exhaust  steam  of  the  fan  engine,  also,  is  utilized  in  the  heating  surface.  Positive  circulation  of  steam 
and  an  easy  flow  of  the  condensation  are  attained  in  a  degree  of  efficiency  unequalled  by  any  hot  blast 
coil  or  radiator  construction  extant. 


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Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating,  Ventilating  and  Drying, 

Full  Housing  Fans  and  Sectional  Base  Heaters. 


THE  table  below  gives  the  dimension  details  of  regular  standard  apparatus.  Opposite  each  size 
of  fan  appear  the  number  and  size  of  heater  coils  most  frequently  employed  with  it.  In 
number  these  may  be  varied  in  accord  with  the  requirements  of  the  work  to  be  done,  many  arrange- 
ments being  possible.  In  combining  different  sizes  of  fans  and  heaters,  the  purchaser  should  be 
guided  by  the  instructions  on  pages  142  and  143.  Engine  sizes,  especially  in  the  horizontal  types,  are 
also  variable,  being  determined  by  the  steam  pressure  carried.  Complete  detailed  drawings  for  the 
erection  of  apparatus  are  furnished  with  every  order. 

Both  steam  and  pulley  fans  are  used  with  standard  heaters,  and  may  be   readily  furnished  in 
the  full  variety  of  discharges  as  described  and  illustrated  on  the  accompanying  pages. 


TABLE  OF  HEIGHTS  AND  FLOOR  SPACE  EXHAUSTING  THROUGH  HEATER. 


HEATER  COILS                              EXT 

REME  DIMENSIONS  OF  APPARATUS 

WEIGHT  OF  APPARATUS 

Feet  of 

Size  of 

Fan 

' 

Steam  Fan 

System 

Heater 

Number 

Size                           Leng 

th              Width                  Height 

With  Steam 
Fan 

With 
Pulley  Fan 

3*4  x  5 

50  in. 

1108 

4-4  row 

3  ft.  Oin.x  4  ft.  4  in.       8  ft.. 

2  in.       5  ft.  0  in.       4ft.ll>£in. 

3577 

3427 

4x5 
60  in. 

1385 

5-4    " 

3  "  0  "  x4  "  4  "        9  "  3  "        5  "  5  "        5  "   0      " 

4444 

4244 

4^  x  7 
70  in. 

1980 

5-4    " 

3  "  0  "  x  5  "10  "      10  "  0  "        5  "10  "        6  "    5%  "          6005           5758 

5'/2  x  7 
80  in. 

2730 

5-4    " 

4  "  0  "  x  5  "10  "      10  "  4  "        6  "  9  "        6  "    8      " 

8001 

7701 

6x8 

90  in. 

3270 

5-4    " 

4  "  0  "  x  6  "10  "      11   "  3  "        7  "  2  "        7  "    6      " 

9595 

9097 

6)4  x  8 
100  in. 

3860 

5-4    " 

4  "  6  "  x  7  "  4  "      11   "  7  "        7  "10  "        8  "    4      " 

11375 

10752 

6^x9 
110  in. 

4860 

5-4    " 

5  "  0  "  x  7  "10  "      11   "10  "        8  "  6  "        9  "   2      " 

14250 

13388 

7x9 
120  in. 

5560 

5-4    " 

6  "  0  "  x  7  "10  "      12  "10  "        9  "  3  "    |   10  "   0      " 

16655 

15842 

7^x9 
130  in. 

7090 

10-2    " 

7  "  0  "  x  8  "  4  "      14  "  7  "      10  "  4  "       10  "10      " 

20990 

20090 

10  Y  8 

l\J    A    O 

140  in. 

8030 

10-2    " 

7  "  0  "  x  9  "  4  "      15  "10  "      10  "10  "       11  "    8      " 

28000 

24310 

10  x  12 

150  in. 

9020 

10-4    " 

5  "  0  "  x  7  "  4  "      15  "  4  "      13  "  4  "       12  "    6      "        33390 

1                      ' 

26720 

"I  IH  M 


114 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating,  Ventilating  and  Drying, 

Full  Housing  Fans  and  Sectional  Base  Heaters. 


r"pHE  table  below  gives  the  dimension  details  of  regular  standard  apparatus.  Opposite  each  size 
of  fan  appear  the  number  and  size  of  heater  coils  most  frequently  employed  with  it.  In 
number  these  may  be  varied  in  accord  with  the  requirements  of  the  work  to  be  done,  many  arrange- 
ments being  possible.  In  combining  different  sizes  of  fans  and  heaters,  the  purchaser  should  be 
guided  by  the  instructions  on  pages  142  and  143.  Engine  sizes,  especially  in  the  horizontal  types, 
are  also  variable,  being  determined  by  the  steam  pressure  carried.  Complete  detailed  drawings 
for  the  erection  of  apparatus  are  furnished  with  every  order. 

Both  steam  and  pulley  fans  are  used  with  standard  heaters,  and  may  be  readily  furnished  in 
the  full  variety  of  discharges  as  described  and  illustrated  on  the  accompanying  pages. 

TABLE  OF  HEIGHTS  AND  FLOOR  SPACE  BLOWING  THROUGH  HEATER. 


Size  of 

Steam  Fan 

Feet  of 
Fan 
System 
Heater 

HEATER  COILS 

EXTREME  DIMENSIONS  OF  APPARATUS 

WEIGHT  OF  APPARATUS 

Number 

Size 

Length 

Width 

Height 

With 
Steam  Fan 

With 
Pulley  Fan 

0/2  *  >J 

50  in. 

1268   4-4  row  3  ft. 

Oin 

x4ft. 

10  in. 

10ft 

6  in. 

4  ft.  11  in. 

5  ft.  5*4  in.    3857 

3707 

4x5 
60  in. 

1584  4-4  "   3  " 

0  " 

x  5  " 

10  " 

12" 

4  " 

5  "  1  " 

6  "  5/&  "    4650 

4450 

4^x7 
70  in. 

2184  4-4  " 

4  " 

0  " 

x  5  " 

10  " 

13" 

1  " 

5"  7  " 

6"6   "     6396 

6149 

5^  x  7 
80  in. 

2392  4-4  " 

4  " 

0  " 

x  6  " 

4  " 

14" 

2  " 

6"  2  " 

7  "  0   "     7230 

6930 

6x8 
90  in. 

2848   4-4  " 

4  " 

6  " 

x  6  " 

10  " 

15" 

7  " 

6  "  9  " 

7  "  6   "     8814 

8316' 

6l/2  x8 
100  in. 

3328 

4-4  " 

5  " 

0  " 

x  6  " 

10  " 

17" 

0  " 

7"  4  " 

8  "  4   "    10326 

9726 

6^x9 
110  in. 

4448 

4-4  " 

6  " 

0  " 

x  7  " 

10  " 

19" 

0  " 

7"  10  " 

9  "  2   "    13441 

12579 

7x9 
120  in. 

5080 

4-4  " 

6  " 

0  " 

x  8  " 

10  " 

19" 

10  " 

8  "  1  " 

10  "  0   "    15500 

14687 

7^x9 
130  in. 

6424 

8-2  " 

7  " 

0  " 

x9  " 

4  " 

23" 

0  " 

8  "  9  " 

10  "10   "  :  19868 

18968 

10  Y  R 

1  \J  A  U 

140  in. 

6656  8-4  "   5  " 

0  " 

x  6  " 

10  " 

23" 

1  " 

13  "  2  " 

11  "  8   "    25762 

21762 

10  x  12 
150  in. 

8272 

8-4  "   6  " 

0  " 

x  7  " 

4  " 

24" 

'" 

14  "  8  " 

12  "  6   "    31704 

25204 

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Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating,  Ventilating  and  Drying, 

Blowing  Through  Heater  (see  Opposite  Page). 


IN  MANY  cases  of  application  of  the  Buffalo  Fan  System  to  hospitals,  public  schools,  office  build- 
ings and  the  like,  it  is  desirable,  aside  from  heating  the  building,  to  provide  in  each  room  an  un- 
varying amount  of  air  for  perfect  ventilation  at  all  times,  and  to  be  able  to  vary  the  temperature 
without  perceptibly  increasing  or  decreasing  the  air  supply.  In  the  example  of  hospitals,  where 
patients  are  confined  in  individual  rooms  with  diseases  of  a  widely  different  nature,  this  point  is  very 
essential  if  the  heating  and  ventilating  system  be  a  model  one.  It  is  for  such  buildings  and  conditions 
that  the  blow-through  type  of  apparatus  is  preferable.  A  double  system  of  air  ducts  is  usually  em- 
ployed, tempered  air  being  forced  through  one,  and  heated  air  through  the  other.  Illustrations  also 
appear  elsewhere  with  single  pipes  arranged  to  convey  both  warm  and  cool  air  to  the  different  rooms. 
A  cold  and  warm  air  chamber  is  provided,  to  both  of  which  each  pipe  communicates. 

For  many  of  the  drying  uses  to  which  the  Buffalo  Fan  System  has  been  applied  with  eminent 
success,  the  blow-through  form  most  readily  accomplishes  the  desired  end.  As  these  drying  schemes 
vary  considerably  in  character,  according  to  the  nature  of  the  material  to  be  handled,  the  apparatus 
is  invariably  of  special  construction  with  reference  to  the  relative  proportions  of  the  fan  and  the 
heater.  In  one  example,  a  small  heater  with  a  proportionately  large  fan  may  be  selected,  while  in 
another  directly  the  reverse  would  be  employed. 

The  contour  of  space  occupied  by  Buffalo  Fan  System  Apparatus,  arranged  to  blow  through 
the  heater,  is  longer  than  the  width,  or  like  a  parallelogram.  In  the  erection  of  these  outfits  for  the 
heating  and  ventilation  of  various  buildings,  it  often  occurs  that  the  position  assigned  for  the  plant  is 
of  such  shape  that  it  is  imperative  the  apparatus  be  constructed  in  the  blow-through  form  to  accom- 
modate itself  to  the  space  at  command.  Where  a  pulley  fan  is  selected  in  the  place  of  an  engine  fan, 
a  blow-through  apparatus  will  frequently  be  the  only  one  which  would  be  feasible  to  adopt  on  account 
of  complicated  power  transmissions  ensuing  if  the  other  form  were  chosen. 

The  engraving  on  page  1 1 4  shows  a  bottom  discharge  fan  with  a  top  outlet  to  the  heater. 
This  style  of  apparatus  is  ordinarily  used  where  a  blow-through  outfit  is  located  in  the  basement 
of  a  building  with  the  space  to  be  heated  largely  above.  The  illustration  on  page  1 16  is  of  an  outfit 
for  a  large  mill  located  in  the  fan  house  especially  provided  for  the  purpose.  Underground  hot-air 
ducts  leading  to  the  flues  which  rise  to  the  various  floors  are  employed.  At  whichever  point  it  is 
desired  to  take  the  air  from  the  heater,  the  discharge  of  the  fan  is  made  so  as  to  cause  a  most 
thorough  circulation  of  the  air  when  passing  through  it,  and  by  thus  securing  a  thorough  diffusion  of 
the  air  over  the  heating  surface  the  full  efficiency  is  obtained.  The  outlet  from  the  heater  may  be 
located  in  almost  any  position,  discharging  either  directly  upward,  outward,  downward,  to  the  right  or 
left,  or  in  two  or  more  directions. 

The  illustrations  opposite  and  on  page  1 14  do  not  show  all  the  present  existing  construction 
improvements.  The  fans  are  now  heavily  braced  with  angle  and  "  T  "  irons.  The  designs  of  the 
single  upright  engines,  cylinders  below  the  shaft,  also  the  horizontal  engines,  are  described  on  preced- 
ing pages.  Purchasers,  in  all  cases,  will  be  supplied  with  the  latest  developments. 

117 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating,  Ventilating  and  Drying, 

Fan  System  Sectional  Heater,  Positive  Steam  Circulation  and  Drainage. 


Detail  Fig.  2. 

Four-row  Sections  with  Partition  Header  for  Live  and  Exhaust  Steam. 

118 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating,  Ventilating  and  Drying, 

Fan  System  Sectional  Heaters,  Positive  Steam  Circulation  and   Drainage. 


THE  Buffalo  Fan  System  Heater  possesses  the  highest  standard  of  utility,  /.  e. ,  a  positive  circula- 
tion of  steam  and  an  immediate  drainage  of  condensation.     It  affords  the  highest  obtainable 
temperature  from  either  live  or  exhaust  steam.     This  matchless  heater  is  by  far  the  most 
perfect  in  design  and  construction  of  any  yet  offered.     As  the  detailed  engravings  show,  established 
laws  have  been  followed  in  the  design  ;  therefore,  results  hitherto  unattained  are  secured. 

THE  HEADER  has  two  compartments,  A  and  B.  With  the  exception  of  heaters  of  unusual 
size,  one  header  is  used  for  the  entire  group  of  sections.  Compartment  A  is  the  chamber  into  which 
steam  is  admitted,  and  through  which  it  passes  to  compartment  C  of  each  manifold  in  supplying  the 
heating  surface.  Compartment  B  of  the  header  is  directly  underneath  the  steam  supply.  Through 
it  passes  all  the  water  of  condensation  coming  from  the  entire  heater,  from  which  (through  G)  it  finds 
exit  into  the  traps. 

THE  SECTIONAL  BASES  have  three  distinct  compartments,  C,  D  and  E,  each  of  ample  area 
for  the  specific  purpose  for  which  it  is  intended  to  serve.  From  A,  in  the  header,  steam  is 
admitted  to  the  manifolds  through  chamber  C,  and  thence  passes  up  through  the  vertical  pipes  to 
and  across  the  horizontal  pipes  at  top  of  heater,  and  thence  down  the  vertical  pipes  at  opposite  side, 
all  as  indicated  by  the  arrows.  Out  of  the  manifold  compartments,  C  and  D,  the  condensation  flows 
through  E  into  header  chamber  B,  from  whence  it  is  removed  through  the  drip  G  into  the  trap.  As  the 
engraving  clearly  illustrates,  there  is  a  rapid  flow  to  the  exits  provided,  which  are  of  ample  area.  This 
flow  is  accelerated  by  the  inclined  bottoms  of  the  manifolds.  Dry  steam  in  every  portion  of  the  heater  is 
positively  ensured  at  all  times.  These  distinctive  characteristics  are  found  in  no  other  construction  of  heater, 
and  afford  a  temperature  of  from  15  to  25  per  cent,  higher  than  can  be  obtained  from  any  other.  The 
pipes  are  screwed  into  the  cast-iron  bases  in  such  a  manner  as  to  allow  free  expansion  and  without 
endangering  the  joints  and  inducing  leaks.  Each  manifold,  which  is  of  ample  thickness,  is  planed  on 
the  ends,  so  that  when  bolted  to  the  planed  surface  of  the  header  an  accurate  fit  is  secured. 

With  many  heaters,  long  through  bolts  are  employed,  which  reach  entirely  through  all  of  the 
sections  for  the  purpose  of  holding  them  together.  An  endless  amount  of  trouble  is  often  experienced 
in  keeping  such  heaters  steam-tight.  The  sections  are  not  independent,  and  a  leak  is  liable  to  occur 
between  any  of  the  bases,  when  the  tedious  operation  of  taking  apart  the  entire  heater  is  occasioned. 
Furthermore,  it  is  a  difficult  task  to  draw  these  bolts  up  sufficiently  tight  to  prevent  the  escape  of 
steam,  and  the  threads  often  become  cut,  necessitating  new  bolts.  In  the  Buffalo  heater,  every 
section  is  independent  and  has  a  separate  connection  to  the  header  or  steam  supply.  If  any  section 
should  become  damaged,  or  a  leakage  occur  at  the  joints,  it  may  be  removed  without  disturbing  any 
of  the  others,  and  by  capping  the  connection  to  the  header,  the  balance  of  the  heater  may  be  operated 
while  repairs  are  being  made. 

These  heaters  are  arranged  to  use  live  and  exhaust  steam  at  the  same  time,  or  either  all 
exhaust  or  all  live,  as  desired.  Each  heater  is  thoroughly  tested  under  a  hydrostatic  pressure  of  150 
pounds  per  square  inch  before  leaving  the  works,  ensuring  tightness  and  perfect  freedom  from  flows. 

119 


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Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating,  Ventilating  and  Drying, 

Sectional  Base  Heaters,  Positive  Steam  Circulation  and  Condensation  Drainage. 


THE  heaters  illustrated  on  the  two  preceding  cut  pages  are  identical,  with  the  exception  that  on 
page  1 18  the  sections  are  connected  to  a  steam  header,  while  on  page  120  they  are  provided  with 
flanges  for  individual  steam  connection  to  each  coil.    The  latter  arrangement  affords  more  com- 
plete control  of  the  heating  surface  than  can  be  obtained  by  using  a  header  as  shown  on  page  1  18. 
The  amount  of  live  and  exhaust  steam  admitted  may  be  increased  or  decreased  at  will,  and  any  of  the 
coils  shut  off  entirely,  if  desired.     Several  forms  of  steam  supply  (see  pages  128  to  131)  are  possible, 
each  of  which  possesses  particular  merit  for  given  conditions.     The  heater  illustrated  on  the  opposite 
page  has  found  great  favor  with  users,  by  reason  of  the  construction  admitting  of  the  variation  in  the 
use   of  live  and  exhaust  steam  when  connected  up  in  any  of  the  arrangements  as  shown.     Unless 
specified  in  the  order,  no  valves  or  other  materials  for  steam  connections  are  furnished. 

The  full-face  figures  in  the  following  tables  indicate  the  details  of  the  regular  standard  coils 
constantly  carried  in  stock.  The  other  figures  show  the  usual  variations  of  heater  heights  on  the 
same  lengths  of  sections,  although  intermediate  heights  not  tabulated  may  be  furnished  by  special 
arrangement.  Attention  is  called  to  the  proper  sizes  of  heater  sections  for  stated  sizes  of  fans  (see 
table  on  page  142,  also  data  on  page  143). 

SIZES  AND  DIMENSIONS  OF  STANDARD  FAN  SYSTEM  HEATER  SECTIONS. 


Length  of 
Section 


Width  of 
Section 


Feet  of  Fan 

System  Heater, 

FOUR  ROW 


Extreme 

Height  of 

Heater 


Weight 


Size  Fan  with  Size  Fan  with 

Sections  in  Sections  in 

Single  Row  at  Double  Row  at 

Inlet  or  Outlet  Inlet  or  Outlet 


Area  for  Air 
Passage  in 
Section  in 


3  ft. 

Sin. 

277 
311 

356 
396 

4  ft.  4  in. 
4   10 

5  "  4  " 
5  "  10  " 

638  Ibs. 
108  " 
778  " 
849  " 

50  in. 

50  ' 
60  ' 
70  ' 

4.5 
5. 
5.6 
6.3 

4  ft. 

8  in. 

490 
546 

598 
654 

5  "  4  " 
5  "  10 

6  "  4  " 
6  "  10  " 

1062  " 
1159 

1256  " 
1353  " 

70  ' 

80  • 
80  ' 
90  ' 

7.6 

8.5 
9.2 
10. 

4  ft.  6  in*. 

Sin. 

594 
653 

712 
772 

5  "  10  " 
6  "  4  " 

6  "  10  " 
7  "  4  " 

1284  " 
1390 

1496  " 
1601  " 

80  ' 
90  ' 
90  ' 
100  ' 

140  in. 

9. 

10. 
11. 
11.7 

5  ft. 

Sin. 

766 
832 

902 
972 

6"  4  " 
6   10 

7  "  4  " 

7  "  10  " 

1615  '• 
1739 

1862  " 
1985  " 

100  ' 
100  ' 
100  ' 
110  ' 

140 
140 
150 
150 

11.6 
12.6 
13.6 
14.6 

6  ft. 

Sin. 

1034 
1112 

1192 
1270 

7  •'  4  " 
1   10 

8  "  4  " 
8  "  10  " 

2138  " 
2219  " 

2420  " 
2560  " 

110  ' 
120  ' 
120  ' 
120  ' 

160 
160 
170 
170 

15.4 
16.5 
17.7 
18.8 

7  ft. 

5  in. 

TWO  ROW 

709 
756 

803 
850 

8   10 

9  "  4  " 
9  .,  10  ., 

1479  " 
1563  " 

1646  " 
1730  " 

130  ' 
130  ' 
140  ' 
140  ' 

170 
180 
180 
180 

20.6 
22. 
23. 
24.7 

121 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 

Indirect  Heaters  for  Fan  and  Gravity  Systems. 


Positive  Steam  Circulation  and  Condensation  Drainage. 


Buffalo   Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 

Indirect  Heaters  for  Fan  and  Gravity  Systems. 


IN   DESIGNING  heating  and  ventilating  equipments,  it  is  sometimes  desirable  to  locate  the  fan 
away  from  the  building,  either  in  the  power  or  specially  built  apparatus  house.    If  the  distance  be 
considerable,  it  is  more  economical  to  place  the  heating  surface  in  the  building  itself,  carrying 
the  unheated  air  over  the  intervening  space,  than  to  first  heat  it.     A  number  of  construction  forms  of 
indirect  coils  are  upon  the  market,  but  being  primarily  designed  for  the  common  type  of   indirect 
heating,  without  a  forced  supply  of  air,  they  have  been  found  entirely  unsuited  for  use  in  connection 
with  fans.    The  condensation  and  heating  capacity  from  a  given  amount  of  properly  designed  radiation, 
is  from  three  to  five  times  greater  with  a  forced  circulation  of  air  than  in  ordinary  plants.     Obviously, 
the  heater  design  for  a  fan  system,  therefore,  must  provide  for  positive  and  unusually  rapid  con- 
densation, in  order  that  the  coils  may  be  invariably  hot. 

While  primarily  intended  for  fan  work,  a  wide  demand  has  been  established  for  the  Buffalo 
Indirect  Heaters  for  usual  indirect  work,  by  reason  of  their  superior  efficiency.  They  are  herewith 
offered  as  excelling  any  obtainable.  As  the  table  and  engravings  show,  a  variety  of  sizes  are  built, 
the  smallest  being  6  pipes  wide  and  8  pipes  long.  Under  the  heading  of  "Size,"  the  first  row  of  figures 
gives  the  number  of  pipes  across  the  steam  supply  and  drip  ends,  and  the  second  column  the  number 
of  pipes  in  the  length  of  the  coil.  Cast  iron  manifolds  are  used  for  the  bases  into  which  the  pipes 
are  screwed,  as  in  the  regular  fan  system  heaters.  The  indirect  heaters  may  be  used  in  an  upright 
or  horizontal  position,  according  to  the  requirements.  These  heaters  are  known  as  the  solid  base 
type,  and  a  diaphragm  in  same  compels  the  steam  to  flow  evenly  through  all  pipes.  The  steam 
supply  enters  the  heater  base  at  one  end  and  the  water  of  condensation  is  relieved  directly  opposite. 
These  coils  are  designed  for  the  use  of  either  live  or  exhaust  steam,  being  particularly  effective  for 
low  pressures.  Prices  will  be  named  on  application. 


" — T 
EAHl 


o  o  o  o  o;o  o  ooo 

O   O   OOO'OOOOO 

0  oooc1. ooooo 
ooooo 'ooooo 

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TEAM] 

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'STEAM  B" 
END  ELEVATION 

NOTE:  When  X— Y  is 

*     base     line    use    steam 

supply    at     A  ;    when 

M — N  is  base  line  use 

steam  supply  at  B. 


CAPACITY  IN  FEET  FAN 

SIZE 

SYSTEM  HEATER 
IN  INCHES 

HEIGHTS  H  IN  INCHES 

40^  in. 

46^  in. 

52^  in. 

58^  in.  64^  in. 

W 

L 

6x8 

177 

206 

236 

265        295 

12^ 

22 

8x8 

236 

275 

314 

353        393     \6% 

22 

8  x  10 

295 

344 

393 

442        492     16X 

27 

10  x  10 

369 

430 

492 

553        615 

20 

27 

10  x  12 

442 

516 

590 

664 

738 

20 

32 

10  x  14 

516 

602 

688 

774 

861     20 

37 

12  x  12 

531 

619 

708 

797 

885     23#    32 

12  x  14     619 

723 

826 

929 

1033 

23#    37 

12  x  16 

708 

826 

944 

1062 

1180 

23%    42 

14  x  14 

723 

843 

964 

1084 

1205 

27^    37 

16  x  16     944 

1102 

1259 

1416 

1574 

31  Y4    42 

Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 

Type  of  Apparatus,  with  Three-quarter  Housing  Fan. 


Left  Hand  Bottom  Horizontal  Discharge  Pulley  Fan,  Drawing  Through  the  Heater.     Intake 

of  Air  from  Underground  Duct  Leading  to  Outside.     Heated  Air 

Discharged  into  Underground  Main  Flue. 


124 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating,  Ventilating  and  Drying, 

Three-quarter  Housing  Steel  Plate  Fans,  Sectional  Base  Heaters. 


JN  ORDER  to  reduce  to  a  minimum  the  space  occupied,  and  for  convenience  in  operation,  the 
fans  in  the  majority  of  large  apparatus  are  built  in  the  three-quarter  housing  form  and  exhaust 
through  the  heaters.     Their  discharge  may  be  either  top  or  bottom  horizontal,  up  blast,  or  to 
deliver  air  in  two  directions,  as  may  be  best  suited  to  existing  conditions.     The   heaters  may  be 
grouped  in  one,  two,  three  or  more  divisions,  this  being  governed  by  their  size,  the  work  to  be  per- 
formed, the  space  at  command  for  the  location  of  the  apparatus,  and  the  employment  of  single  or 
duplex  fans.     We  publish  but  one  table  of  dimensions  of  the  three-quarter  housing  fans  and  heaters. 
On  page  130  is  a  half-tone  illustration  of  a  three-quarter  housing  fan  with  direct-attached 
upright  engine,  cylinder  above  the  shaft,  exhausting  through  heater,  with  cold  air  by-pass  underneath. 
This  outfit  is  a  common  form  for  the  heating  and  ventilation  of  public  buildings,  and  is  the  simplest 
arrangement  of  cool  air  by-pass  built.    The  increased  distance  between  the  fan  and  heater  is  required 
for  the  plenum  chamber,  in  which  the  cool  and  warm  air  is  mixed  before  it  passes  into  the  fan.     On 
the  following  page,  131,  is  an  illustration  of  a  three-quarter  housing  fan  with  direct-attached  horizontal 
engine,  as  built  for  single  air  duct  application.     Each  duct  is  capable  of  handling  both  warm  and  cool 
air  under  thermostatic  control.     Pages  128  and  129  illustrate  other  by-pass  forms. 

TABLE  OF  HEIGHTS  AND  FLOOR  SPACE  EXHAUSTING  THROUGH  HEATER. 


Size  of 
Steam  Fan 

Feet  of 
Fan 
System 
Heater 

HEATER  COILS 

EXTREME  DIMENSIONS  OF  APPARATUS 

WEIGHT  OF  APPARATUS 

Number 

Size 

Length 

Width 

Height 

With  Steam 
Fan 

With  Pulley 
Fan 

110  in. 
6x8 

4860 

5-4  row 

5  ft.  x  7  ft. 

10  in. 

12ft. 

9  in.   8ft.  7  in. 

8  ft.  7  in.    14837 

12141 

120  in. 

5560 

5-4  " 

6  "  x  7  " 

10  " 

13  " 

8  "   9  "  4  " 

8  "  7  "    17135 

14439 

130  in. 
8x8 

7090 

10-2  " 

7  "  x  8  " 

4  .. 

15  " 

8  "   10  "  3  " 

9  "  0  "    22475 

19779 

140  in. 
10x8 

8030 

10-2  " 

7  "  x  9  " 

4  " 

16  " 

0  "   10  "  6  " 

10  "  0  "    25380 

21680 

150  in. 
10  x  12 

9020 

10-4  " 

5  "  x  7  " 

4  " 

16  " 

0  "   13  "  4  " 

8  "  6  "    30420 

24420 

160  in. 
12  x  12 

10340 

10-4  " 

6  "  x  7  " 

4  " 

16  " 

9  "   12  "  4  " 

9  "  8  "    34080 

26080 

170  in. 
12  x  14 

i  11920 

10-4  " 

6  "  x  8  " 

4  " 

17  " 

10  "  i  14  "  8  " 

10  "  4  "    39620 

31200 

180  in. 
14  x  14 

15120 

20-2  " 

1 

7  "  x8  " 

10  " 

19  " 

i 

7  "   16  "  10  " 

i 

11  "  0  "    48720 

1 

35520 

125 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 

Type  of  Apparatus,  with  Three-quarter  Housing  Fan,  Duplex  Heater. 


Direct-attached   Horizontal  Center-crank 
Engine,  Right  Hand  Bottom  Hori- 
zontal Discharge  Exhaust 
Fan.    Front  Elevation. 


Plan  View  of  Single  Fan  and  Duplex  Heater. 
126 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 

Double  Type  of  Three-quarter  Housing  Fans,  Triple  Heater. 


Elevation  of  Fans,  Center-crank  Horizontal  Engine  and  Heater.     Left  Hand  View. 


8teani\ 


Steam 


Plan  View  of  Double  Fan  and  Triple  Heater  in  a  Textile  Mill. 


127 


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Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 

Air-mixing  Damper  for  Double  Duct  Applications. 


View  Showing  Position  of  Damper,  Accessories  for  Hand  Regulation,  Register  Frame,  Etc. 


132 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 

Application  with  Double  Ducts  or  Duplex  Air  Supply. 


THE  most  advanced  and  complete  installations  of  the  Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ven- 
tilating   in  buildings  outside  of  those  of  industrial  character,  now  provide  for  control  of  the 
temperature  in  the  several  apartments  by  either  thermostat  or  hand  regulation.     The  ventila- 
tion for  each  room  is  fixed  and  never  varies,  not  being  reduced  by  the  lowering  of  the  temperature. 

The  engraving  on  page  128  shows  the  construction  of  a  common  apparatus  type  for  a  double 
duct  system.  The  entire  volume  of  air  may  be  delivered  through  the  heater  whenever  desired.  The 
damper  placed  in  the  connection  between  the  fan  and  the  coils  makes  it  possible  to  direct  a  portion  of 
the  air  through  the  cool  air  ducts  to  the  several  rooms  without  heating,  thereby  supplying  a  mixture 
of  heated  and  cool  air,  at  will  of  operator.  The  engraving  on  page  129  is  a  typical  illustration  of  an 
apparatus  applied  in  the  same  manner,  excepting  that  the  cool  air  is  passed  underneath  the  coils 
instead  of  over  them.  When  either  is  employed,  tempering  coils  are  usually  placed  in  the  window  or 
air  supply  shaft  to  the  fan.  They  ordinarily  are  not  built  over  four  pipes  deep.  Sufficient  excess 
of  air  space  area  between  the  pipes  of  tempering  coil  over  that  of  the  area  to  the  inlet  of  the  fan  is 
provided.  The  advantage  of  thus  tempering  the  air  in  severe  weather  is  obvious.  The  fans  in  the 
application  shown  by  pages  128  and  129  may  be  either  built  with  two  inlets,  /.  e.,  as  blowers,  or  as 
exhausters  with  one  inlet,  whichever  may  be  best  suited  to  the  position  they  are  to  be  used  in.  Both 
apparatus  types  above  described  are  blow-through  heaters  with  by-passes  for  double  duct  systems, 
and  the  temperature  of  one  room  may  be  varied  without  reference  to  another.  In  the  engraving  on 
page  130  is  shown  the  most  simple  form  of  apparatus  with  a  by-pass.  The  fan  draws  the  air  through 
the  heater,  and  a  portion  may  be  taken  in  by  the  fan  underneath  the  coils  without  first  heating  it. 
Distribution  is  made  through  a  single  duct.  Thermostats  may  be  used  with  any  of  these,  if  desired. 
The  engraving  on  page  131  is  an  excellent  example  of  apparatus  construction  where  the 
feature  of  having  a  cool  and  warm  air  supply  to  each  room  is  accomplished  by  the  single  duct  system. 
The  arrangement  of  fan  and  heater  sections  is  clearly  shown,  together  with  the  mixing  dampers  and 
connections  to  the  different  flues.  A  cut  among  school  building  applications  further  details  the  usual 
arrangement  of  air  ducts.  A  general  hot  and  cold  air  receiving  chamber  is  provided.  The  fan  system 
coils  are  enclosed  by  the  brick  chamber  and  elevated  on  a  platform  from  3  to  4  feet  above  the  floor  line. 
Underneath  the  heating  coils  is  the  cool  air  chamber.  The  volume  of  air  discharged  by  the  fan  in  its 
course  to  the  various  rooms  being  heated  and  ventilated,  passes  from  the  general  chamber  into  the 
separate  ducts  by  first  being  blown  over  the  heating  surface,  or  underneath.  The  galvanized  iron 
ducts  are  so  connected  with  the  receiving  chamber  as  to  receive  a  mixture  of  warm  or  cool  air,  or 
either  separate,  this  being  controlled  by  a  series  of  thermostats.  These  operate  the  mixing  dampers 
to  admit  cool  air  when  the  temperature  of  the  respective  rooms  is  over-reached,  and  vice  versa. 

The  engraving  on  page  132  shows  the  location  and  arrangement  of  a  mixing  damper  in  wall  flue 
for  hand  regulation  of  the  temperature.  The  air  supply  register  is  located  at  about  8  feet  from  the  floor 
line,  and  further  down  underneath  the  register  or  at  other  convenient  point  is  placed  an  ornamental 
indicator  or  dial.  The  chain  operating  damper  passes  over  the  trolley  shown  in  the  inside  of  the  flue 

'33 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 

Air-mixing  Dampers  for  Double  Duct  Applications. 


Types   of   Buffalo   Air-mixing 

Dampers  for  Hand 

Regulation. 


Buffalo  Air-mixing  Damper  Controlled  by  a  Thermostat. 


134 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 

Air-mixing  Dampers  for  Double  Duct  Fan  Systems. 


A  PROPERLY  designed  air-mixing  damper  is  an  accessory  equally  important  to  an  economical 
fan  heating  and  ventilating  system  installed  with  duplex  air  ducts  as  any  other  detail  of  the 
equipment.  The  practice  of  employing  pieces  of  round  sheet  steel  or  galvanized  iron  pipe  for 
dividing  the  air  currents  needs  no  comment  as  to  the  crudeness  and  unreliability  of  such  application. 
The  Buffalo  Air-mixing  Dampers  are  so  constructed  as  to  prevent  any  mixing  of  the  air  currents 
before  passing  through  the  damper  into  the  flue  where  the  mixing  is  intended  to  take  place.  The 
valves  are  constructed  with  proper  bearings,  to  insure  uniform  ease  of  operation,  either  by  hand  regula- 
tion or  thermostat  control.  Where  the  temperature  of  the  building  is  governed  in  the  latter  manner, 
it  is  of  vital  importance  that  the  mixing  dampers  be  easily  operated  ;  otherwise  the  efficiency  of  the 
system  will  be  impaired,  if  not  rendered  inoperative.  The  seven  sizes  referred  to  in  the  table  below 
are  suitable  to  the  flue  dimensions  usually  employed  in  heating  and  ventilating  buildings  by  the  double 
duct  fan  system.  Intermediate  or  additional  ones  may  be  readily  furnished  to  order. 


-F  ) 

T 

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c 

Hot  Air 

! 

;      Cold  Air 

i 

PRICE  LIST,  CAPACITIES  AND  TABLE  OF  DIMENSIONS— IN  INCHES. 


Capacity, 

No. 

A 

B                 C 

D 

E 

p                    Q                Cubic  Feet 
of  Air  per 

PRICE 

Minute 

1 

12 

T1A              9 

23 

8 

8 

4 

540 

$  7.00 

2                 12               12                   6 

20 

9 

\2y2              4                   864 

8.00 

3                 12               12                   8 

23 

9X 

\2l/2              4                   864 

8.50 

4                 10               19                   7 

19^ 

8 

20 

4                  1140 

10.25 

5                 19               12                 10 

3l/^ 

14 

12^ 

4 

1368 

11.00 

6                 16               16                 10 

28 

10 

16j^              4 

1500 

12.50 

18               24                 12 

32^ 

12 

24^ 

4                 3000 

15.00 

1 

1 

135 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 


Register  Frames  for  Wall  Flues. 


BUFFALO  FOR G EC® 
BUFFALO,  N.y. 


Types  of  Cast  Iron  Register  Frames. 
136 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 

Register  Frames  for  Air  Supply  Flues. 


THE  Buffalo  Register  Frafnes  are  for  placing  in  wall  flues  to  receive  finished  faces  of  standard 
make,  with  or  without  valves  or  special  open  screens  of  large  free  area.  The  engravings  on 

page  136  illustrate  two  forms  which  were  designed  especially  for  use  in  the  Buffalo  Fan  System 
of  Heating  and  Ventilating.  They  are  unique  and  more  desirable  than  anything  obtainable  from  the 
standard  register  manufacturers.  Their  position  in  the  flue  is  clearly  shown  by  the  cut  on  page  132. 
Two  forms  are  regularly  furnished.  The  first,  illustrated  by  the  wood  cuts  on  the  opposite  page,  has 
corner  lugs  for  screwing  the  register  faces  to  it.  Holes  are  drilled  in  the  corners  of  registers  or  register 
faces,  whichever  may  be  employed,  for  securing  by  nut  and  screw.  The  back  edge  is  properly 
designed  for  fixing  in  the  flue  during  the  construction  of  the  building  in  the  usual  manner. 

The  register  frames  represented  by  the  half-tone  engravings  are  those  most  widely  used.  The 
register  is  secured  to  the  frame  without  drilling  the  corners  and  the  fastening  is  almost  invisible.  A 
strip  of  sheet  steel  or  galvanized  iron  passing  through  the  slots  in  the  register  frame  is  brought  close 
to  and  secures  the  register  face  with  a  bolt  and  a  nut  on  the  inside.  Four  small  screws  are  used  to 
fasten  the  register  complete  to  frame.  Under  this  method  no  discoloration  can  get  to  the  register 
face  from  the  walls  of  the  building,  or  by  the  frame  rusting  or  corroding.  The  wide  edge  is 
placed  inside.  The  following  sizes  cover  all  ordinary  requirements,  although  additional  ones  may 
be  supplied  where  desired.  Observe  these  sizes  in  selecting  registers  and  faces  for  buildings. 

TABLE  OF  SIZES.  AREAS.  CAPACITIES.  WEIGHTS,  ETC. 


Size  Register, 
in  Inches 

Area,  in 
Square 
Feet 

Capacity 
at  300  Ft. 
Vel. 

aYa5Poa0CF{.       WL6i!ht' 
Vel. 

Size  Register, 
in  Inches 

Area,  in 
Square 
Feet 

Capacity 
at  300  Ft. 
Vel. 

Capacity 
at  500  Ft. 
Vel. 

Weight, 
Lbs. 

8  x  10 

.37 

Ill 

185                12 

14  x20 

„ 

390 

650 

24 

8  x  12 

.44 

132 

220               15 

14  x  22 

1.42             426 

710 

35 

8  x  15 

.56 

168 

280               16 

16x  16 

1.18              354 

590 

20 

10  x  12 

.56 

168 

280               17 

16  x20 

1  .48              442 

740 

30 

10  x  14 

.65 

195 

325               24 

16  x24 

1.78              534 

890 

30 

10  x  16 

.75 

225 

375               24 

18  x21 

1.74 

522 

870 

30 

10  x  20 

.92 

276 

460               22 

18  x24 

2.0 

600 

1000 

30 

12  x  12 

.66 

198 

330               18 

20x24 

2.2 

660 

1100 

40 

12  x  16 

.88 

264 

440              23 

20x26 

2.4 

720 

1200 

35 

12  x  18 

1.0 

300 

500              27 

21  x  29 

2.82 

846 

1410 

58 

12  x  20 

1.12 

336 

560              24 

24  x24 

2.66 

798 

1330 

34 

12  x  24 

1.33 

399 

665              32 

24  x30 

3.33 

999 

1665 

48 

14  x  18 

1.16 

348 

580              24 

cO  x  30 

4.2 

1260 

2100 

56 

137 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 


Dampers  for  Mill   Flues. 


o;.   3. 
Types  of  Mill   Flue  Dampers. 

138 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 

In  Industrial  Buildings. 


APPLICATION  TO  COTTON,  WOOLEN.  SILK  AND  TEXTILE  MILLS.  Certain  mill  owners,  while 
admitting  without  question  the  superiority  of  the  fan  system,  argue  that  its  installation  cost  is  greater 
than  direct  steam  heating  arrangements  of  equal  efficiency.  While  usually  erroneous,  but  granting 
the  point  for  the  sake  of  argument,  shrewd  managers  who  look  into  the  subject  further  than  first  cost, 
find  it  to  be  a  most  paying  investment  in  the  amount  of  work  performed,  the  decreased  percentage  of 
absentees,  and  the  uniform  good  health  of  employees.  Again,  in  direct  steam-heated  mills,  electricity 
generated  by  the  motion  of  the  stock  and  machinery  causes  great  loss.  With  the  fan  system  this  is 
entirely  overcome,  as  the  humidity  of  the  air  is  placed  under  perfect  control.  The  use  of  a  hygro- 
meter determines  the  exact  amount  of  moisture  in  the  air,  and  by  means  of  sprays  or  evaporating 
pans  placed  in  the  air  ducts  the  humidity  may  be  perfectly  controlled,  thereby  eliminating  frictional 
electricity.  The  best  application  to  brick  or  stone  industrial  buildings  exceeding  one  story  in  height, 
is  by  means  of  flues  built  into  the  walls.  The  space  taken  up  by  distributing  pipes  and  their  expense 
is  thereby  eliminated.  The  engraving  on  page  126  shows  a  single  fan  of  large  diameter,  with  direct- 
attached  horizontal  engine  and  heater  coils  divided  into  two  distinct  groups,  as  applied  to  a  large  silk 
mill.  The  engravings  upon  the  succeeding  page  show  a  Buffalo  apparatus  used  by  the  largest 
American  cotton  mill.  It  consists  of  two  three-quarter  housing  fans  with  direct-attached  horizontal 
engines  and  a  tripod  or  three-division  heater.  The  position  of  the  main  hot  air  ducts,  etc.,  also 
appears.  These  cuts  are  intended  merely  to  give  suggestions  of  possible  arrangements.  The 
apparatus  construction  lends  itself  to  the  special  requirements  of  each  plant. 

BUFFALO  MILL  FLUE  DAMPERS.  Fig.  1  shows  a  mill  damper  hinged  at  the  top.  A  screw  rod 
with  wheel  at  the  end  extends  down  to  a  convenient  position  for  lowering  or  raising.  Fig.  2  shows 
the  same  damper,  with  a  sliding  rod  and  thumb  attachment  of  the  ordinary  transom  style.  Neither 
of  these  types  obstructs  the  interior  of  the  flue  when  the  damper  is  open  or  closed.  Fig.  3  illustrates 
a  different  construction  of  the  Buffalo  Mill  Damper,  with  the  slide  extending  back  into  the  flue.  This 
is  the  type  always  sent  unless  otherwise  specified  in  order.  It  may  be  furnished  with  worm  gear  and 
hand  wheel,  if  preferred.  The  method  of  fixing  the  position  of  the  valve  is  clearly  shown  in  the  cut. 
Either  of  the  two  other  forms  illustrated  may  be  furnished  with  the  same  means  of  operating  the 
dampers,  if  desired.  The  standard  sizes  of  Buffalo  Mill  Dampers  below  enumerated  are  usually 
carried  in  stock,  or  may  be  shipped  upon  short  notice  ;  special  sizes  may  also  be  supplied. 

BUFFALO  MILL  HEATING  INLET  DAMPERS. 


Sizes 

Weight 

Capacity  in  Cubic  Ft.  per  Min.  at  1000  Ft.  Velocity 

Price 

12  x  16 

40 

1340 

$  8.00 

16  x  16 

46 

1800 

9.00 

16x20 

51 

2240 

10.00 

16  x  21 

52 

2352 

13.00 

18  x  18 

54 

2268 

12.00 

20  x  20 

55 

2800 

16.00 

20x26 

68 

3640 

18.00 

139 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating,  Ventilating  and  Drying, 

Improved  Steam  Traps  for  Fan  System  Heaters. 


Sectional  View. 


140 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating,  Ventilating  and  Drying, 

Apparatus  for  Handling  Condensation. 


AUTOMATIC  steam  pumps  (see  page  144)  are  widely  and  economically  used  for  returning  con- 
densation from  fan  system  heaters  to  boilers.  The  market  affords  several  thoroughly  reliable 

makes.  Where  coils  may  be  sufficiently  elevated  above  boilers  and  a  gravity  return  secured, 
their  use  may  be  dispensed  with. 

Ordinary  receiving  steam  traps  are  not  suitable  for  Buffalo  Fan  System  or  Indirect  Heaters, 
inasmuch  as  the  action  of  the  fan  in  passing  air  in  large  volumes  causes  very  rapid  condensation. 
The  amount  of  water  discharged  from  a  given  number  of  lineal  feet  of  one-inch  pipe  built  and  used 
in  a  properly  designed  fan  system  heater,  and  the  heating  efficiency  therefrom,  are  from  three  to 
five  fold  greater  than  when  used  as  a  direct  heating  coil.  The  trap  used,  therefore,  must  provide 
for  this  excess,  which  is  fully  embodied  in  the  one  offered  herewith. 

As  will  be  observed  by  the  sectional  view,  this  trap  possesses  peculiar  and  valuable  features 
found  in  no  other.  The  float  valve  and  its  attachments  is  placed  near  to  the  top  of  the  float  where 
it  is  removed,  as  far  as  possible,  from  such  particles  of  dirt,  red  lead,  scales,  etc.,  as  commonly 
become  detached  from  boilers  and  coils,  and,  with  the  flow  of  the  condensation,  readily  find  their  way 
into  the  steam  trap.  In  some  constructions  of  traps,  this  float  valve  with  its  attachments  is  located 
at  the  bottom  of  the  float,  at  which  point  it  invites  the  collection  of  sediment,  with  the  attendant 
result  of  rendering  the  trap  inoperative,  and  necessitating  the  frequent  taking  apart  to  remove  the 
obstruction.  The  improvements  embodied  in  the  present  trap  are  the  outcome  of  familiarity  with  the 
liabilities  to  derangement  to  which  steam  traps  are  peculiarly  exposed.  The  largest  sizes  of  Buffalo 
Steam  Traps  are  provided  with  a  small  cover  or  hand-hole,  which  may  readily  be  detached  for  the 
purpose  of  inspecting  the  working  parts,  or  removal  of  accumulations,  thus  avoiding  the  usual  and 
tedious  alternative  of  taking  off  the  whole  top  of  the  trap,  common  to  other  forms.  Though  these 
traps  are  especially  adapted  for  use  in  conjunction  with  Buffalo  Fan  System  Heaters,  their  prominent 
points  of  merit  readily  recommend  them  for  service  on  any  arrangement  which  requires  the  removal 
of  water  of  condensation.  The  action  is  automatic.  The  delivery  is  periodic,  dependent  upon  the 
amount  of  condensation  of  the  coil,  and  continues  as  long  as  there  is  water  to  be  discharged. 

A  large  assortment  of  sizes  is  kept  constantly  on  hand,  and  orders  can  be  filled  without  delay. 
When  traps  are  ordered  separately  from  Buffalo  Fan  System  Apparatus,  if  the  steam  pressure  is  in 
excess  of  80  pounds  it  should  be  so  stated,  that  they  may  be  properly  adjusted  to  it. 

SIZES,  CAPACITIES  AND  PRICES. 


Number 
of  Steam 
Trap 

Size  of 
Pipe 
Connec- 
tions 

Diameter 
Outside  of 
Flanges 

Diameter 
of 
Cylinder 

Height 
to  Top  of 
Valve 

Height 
to  Top  of 

Cover 

Maximum 
Dis.  Lbs. 
per 
Minute 

Amount  Max. 
Buffalo  Fan 
System 
Heater 

Maximum 
Amount  of 
Lineal  Feet 
1  Inch  Pipe 

List  Price 

1 

% 

lOfc 

8 

11 

8 

2 

350 

1050 

$16.00 

2 

'4 

14'4 

10# 

14 

10 

5 

900      ' 

2700 

22.00 

3 

1 

15*4 

12 

16tf 

12 

8 

1400 

4200 

27.50 

4 

w 

•  19 

14 

18# 

14 

12 

2000 

6000 

42.50 

5 

i# 

24'4 

18 

23  V. 

15'/, 

20 

3500 

10500 

70.00 

Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating,  Ventilating  and  Drying, 

Table  of  Fans  and  Proper  Sizes  of  Heater  Coils. 


Size  of  Fan 


Size  of  Heater  Sections  to 
be   Used 


50  in. 

3  ft. 
3  " 

0  in. 

0  " 

0  " 

o  •• 
o  •• 
o  •• 

0  " 

o  •• 

6  " 

o  •• 
o  • 

6  " 
6  " 
6  " 

0  " 
0  " 
0  " 

o  •• 

0  " 

o  •• 

0  " 

o  •• 

x  4  ft. 
x  4  " 

4  in. 
10  " 
4  " 

10  •• 

4  " 

10  •• 

4  •' 
10  " 
10  " 
4  " 
10  " 
4  " 
10  " 
4  •' 
4  " 
10  " 
4  .. 

10  " 
4  " 
10  " 
4  •' 

10  •• 

60  in 

3  «« 
3  " 
3  " 
3  " 
4  " 
4  •' 
4  " 
4  ,. 

4   " 

4   " 
4  " 

x  4  " 

x  4  •• 
x  5  " 
x  5  " 
x  5  " 
x  5  " 
x  5  " 
x  6  " 
x  6  " 
x  6  •' 
x  6  " 
x  7  •• 
x  6  •• 
x  6  " 
x  7  •' 
x  7  " 
x  7  •• 
x  7  '• 
x  8  " 
x  8  " 

70  in. 

80  in. 
90  in. 

1OO  in 

4  •' 
5  " 
5  " 

5  " 

110  in. 

5  " 
6  " 
IT7' 
6  " 
6  " 

120  in. 

130  in. 


7  '•  0  "  x  8  •'    4  " 

7  "  0  "  x  8  "  10  " 

7  "  0  '•  x  9  ••    4  " 

7  "  0  "  x  9  "  10  •' 


140  in. 


5  " 

0  " 

x 

6  " 

4 

4  " 

6  " 

x 

7  •' 

4 

5  " 

0  " 

X 

6  " 

10 

5  •• 

o  •• 

X 

7  " 

4 

150  in.               5    .< 

0  " 

X 

7  " 

10 

6  " 

o  •• 

X 

7  " 

4 

160  in.                5    .< 

o  •• 

X 

7  " 

10 

6  " 

o  •• 

X 

8  " 

4 

6  " 

0  " 

X 

8  " 

10 

170  in. 

7   " 

o  •• 

X 

8  " 

4 

7  " 

0  " 

X 

8  " 

10 

180  in. 

7  " 

0  " 

X 

9  " 

4 

1    Section 

4  Sections 

5  Sections 

277 
317 

1108 
1268 

1385 
1585 

277 
317 
356 

1108 

1268 
1424 

1385 
1585 
1780 

396 
490 

1584 
1960 

1980 
2450 

546 
594 
598 

2184 
2376 
2392 

2730 
2970 
2990 

654 
653 
712 

2616 
2612 
2848 

3270 
3265 
3560 

arranged  in    single 
>row  at  inlet  or  out- 
let of  fan. 

772 
766 
832 
902 
972 
1034 

3088 
3064 
3328 
3608 
3888 
4136 

^3860 
3830 
4160 
4510 
4860 
5170 

1112 
1192 
1270 

4448 
4768 
5080 

5560 
5960 
6350 

Capacity, 
1    Section 

Capacity, 
8  Sections 

Capacity, 
10    Sections 

709 

756 

5672 

6048 

7090 
7560 

803 
850 

6424 
6800 

8030 
8500 

Capacity, 
2  Sections 

Capacity, 
8  Sections 

Capacity. 
10    Sections 

1532 
1544 
1664 

6128 
6176 
6656 

7660               "I 
7720 
8320 

1804 
1944 

7216 
7776 

9020 
9720 

2068 
2224 

8272 

8896 

10340 
11120 

These      sections 
arranged     back     to 

2384 
2540 

9536 
10160 

11920 
12700 

*at  inlet   or  outlet   of 
fan. 

Capacity, 
2  Sections 

Capacity, 
16    Sections 

Capacity, 
20    Sections 

1418 

11344 

14180 

1512 

1606 

12096 
12848 

15120 
16060 

NOTE — The  first  section  given    for    each    fan  is    the    smallest    that    should  be    used  with 
that  fan.     All  sections  have  four  rows  of  pipe,  except  the  7  ft.  0   in.  sections,  which  have  two  rows. 


142 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating,  Ventilating  and  Drying, 

Proper  Heater  Sections  for  Given  Sizes  of  Fans. 


THE  table  on  the  opposite  page  will  be  found  useful  in  choosing  the  proper  number  and  size  of 
fan  system  heater  coils  or  sections  for  any  heater,  and  in  selecting  the  heater  itself  when  the 

size  of  fan  has  been  previously  determined. 

The  application  comes  under  two  heads.  The  first  is  when  the  size  of  heater,  /.  e.,  the  number 
of  feet  of  heater,  has  been  determined.  Suppose  it  be  desired  to  select  a  4500  feet  fan  system  heater 
to  go  with  a  100-inch  fan.  Looking  down  the  column  under  heading  "  Size  of  fan,"  we  find  the  100- 
inch  fan,  and  under  the  heading  "  Capacity  of  five  sections,"  at  the  right,  4510  feet.  In  the  same 
horizontal  line  with  this  4510  feet,  under  the  heading  "  Size  of  heater  sections  to  be  used,"  appears 
5  feet  x  7  feet  4  inches.  We  thus  see  that  the  heater  corresponding  to  the  4500  feet  requirement 
with  a  100-inch  fan  is  a  heater  with  five  sections,  each  5  feet  long  x  7  feet  4  inches.  In  the  same 
manner,  a  heater  of  any  size  can  be  selected  to  go  with  a  given  fan.  If  the  size  of  heater  required  is 
larger  than  either  given  in  the  table  opposite  the  size  of  fan  desired,  which  is  rare,  then  select  a  heater 
nearest  the  size  required  from  the  heaters  given  opposite  the  next  larger  fan.  The  capacity  of  one 
section  of  heater  of  each  size  is  also  given,  so  that  if  it  is  desired  to  use  more  or  less  than  five  sec- 
tions in  a  heater,  the  total  amount  of  any  number  of  sections  can  be  determined  by  multiplication. 

The  second  purpose  for  which  this  table  is  useful  is  in  assisting  the  selection  of  a  proper 
heater  for  a  given  fan  for  ordinary  conditions  and  requirements  of  heating  and  drying ;  in  other  words, 
for  reaching  the  proper  size  of  a  fan  system  heater  to  do  a  given  work  with  a  fan  whose  size  has  been 
determined.  Experience  has  shown  that,  for  factory  heating,  when  the  air  supply  for  the  fan  for  heating 
is  taken  from  the  inside  of  the  building,  as  is  often  done,  a  heater  of  four  sections  of  the  first  size 
given  in  the  table  opposite  the  size  of  fan  meets  the  requirements  for  buildings  of  good  construction 
and  mild  exposure,  and  a  heater  of  four  sections  of  the  largest  size  given  for  severe  exposure.  For 
the  heating  of  public  buildings,  schools,  churches,  etc.,  when  the  air  supply  for  the  fan  is  taken  from 
outdoors,  use  a  heater  of  five  sections  of  the  first  size  given  for  mild  exposure,  and  of  the  largest  size 
given  for  severe  exposure.  Where  a  tempering  coil  equalling  the  capacity  of  one  of  the  heater  sec- 
tions is  used  in  the  air  supply  shaft,  a  four-section  heater  may  be  employed.  For  drying  brick, 
lumber,  etc.,  select  a  heater  of  five  or  six  sections  of  the  smallest  size  given  for  easy  conditions,  /.  e., 
in  cases  where  the  material  is  partly  dried  when  put  into  the  dryer,  and  the  time  allowed  for  drying  is 
ample.  Under  other  requirements,  for  example,  when  the  material  is  put  into  a  dryer  green,  and  to 
be  dried  in  a  very  limited  time,  if  it  will  bear  a  high  temperature,  select  a  heater  of  six  sections  of  the 
largest  size  given.  When  the  heating  is  to  be  done  entirely  with  exhaust  steam,  one  size  larger 
section  should  be  used  than  when  live  steam  or  live  and  fan  engine  exhaust  steam  are  used. 

The  above  proportions  are  based  on  the  average  requirements  of  65°  for  factory  heating  and 
70°  in  zero  weather  for  schools,  churches,  office  and  other  buildings.  It  must  be  clearly  understood 
that  these  recommendations  which  we  have  given  for  sizes  of  heaters  are  not  arbitrary,  and  that 
varying  conditions  of  exposure  and  required  temperature  affect  the  size  of  heater  required. 

143 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating,  Ventilating  and  Drying, 

Apparatus  for  Returning  Condensation  to  Boilers. 


Automatic  Steam  Pump  with  Receiver  on  Side  (see  Page  141). 


144 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating,  Ventilating  and  Drying, 

Data  on  Selection  of  Fans. 


A  PROPOS  to  the  subject  of  sizes  of  heaters  for  fans  a  few  remarks  as  regards  the  selection 
f\  of  sizes  of  fans  are  pertinent.  Referring  to  page  85  of  this  catalogue,  if  the  fan  is  to  be  an 

"  engine  fan,"  it  should  be  selected  from  the  5^-oz.  column,  for  public  buildings,  such  as 
schools,  churches,  hospitals,  etc.;  and  from  the  ^-oz.  column  if  for  factory  heating.  But  if  the 
fan  is  to  be  a  pulley  fan  belted  from  an  engine,  or  other  motor,  it  may  be  selected  from  the  %-oz. 
column  for  public  building  work,  and  from  the  1-oz.  column  for  factory  heating.  For  illustration, 
suppose  a  fan  with  direct-attached  engine  is  required  for  a  school  house  or  church,  to  deliver  40,000 
cubic  feet  of  air  per  minute.  We  look  in  the  "  Capacity  "  column  on  page  85,  under  %-oz.,  and 
select  a  130-inch  size.  If  it  is  to  be  a  pulley  fan,  we  make  a  similar  selection  from  the  ^-oz. 
column,  /.  e.,  a  100-inch  fan  ;  choosing  an  engine  fan  having  the  same  capacity,  for  a  factory,  we 
refer  to  the  ^2 -oz.  column,  obtaining  a  110-inch.  A  pulley  fan  from  the  1-oz.  pressure  column 
would  be  between  the  90  and  100-inch  sizes.  The  90-inch  may  be  selected  and  run  slightly  in 
excess  of  1-oz.  pressure,  and  satisfactory  results  secured. 

It  must  be  distinctly  understood  that  the  tables  of  fan  capacities  in  this  catalogue,  unlike 
similar  tables  in  all  others,  are  the  actual  capacities  of  these  fans  measured  by  an  air  meter  at  the 
fan  outlets,  with  the  fans  running  unattached  to  air  piping  or  heaters,  /.  e.,  what  is  commonly  called 
"  free  delivery."  The  actual  capacity  of  a  fan  in  regular  heating  and  ventilating  service  depends  on 
the  amount  of  the  resistance  upon  the  fan  by  the  air  piping,  heater,  flues,  registers  and  the  arrange- 
ments for  egress  of  air  from  the  rooms  into  which  it  introduces  fresh  air.  It  is  impossible  to 
establish  a  fixed  rule  for  the  actual  working  capacity  of  fans  under  all  the  various  conditions, 
but  the  ordinary  average  is  about  25  per  cent,  less  than  the  free  delivery  capacity  tables. 

In  plants  of  the  usual  stand  pipe  system  as  employed  in  factories,  properly  constructed  according 
to  our  instructions,  the  actual  delivering  capacities  of  the  fans  attached  will  even  reach  as  high  as 
within  10  per  cent,  of  the  free  delivery  capacity.  Even  in  buildings  with  a  considerable  number  of 
wall  flues,  registers  and  horizontal  air  pipes,  in  addition  to  the  usual  heater,  if  the  system  be  very 
carefully  designed  and  constructed,  the  actual  workings  of  the  fan  will  often  be  within  25  per  cent,  of 
the  free  delivery  capacity.  The  only  tables  of  capacity  which  can  be  consistently  and  practically  put 
before  the  public,  are  tables  of  the  capacities  of  fans  running  at  free  delivery.  Architects  and  engineers 
must  make  allowances  for  the  conditions  as  to  resistance,  afforded  by  the  particular  system  in  hand. 
Whenever  requested,  if  fully  advised  as  to  the  system  to  which  the  fan  is  to  be  attached,  being 
thereby  afforded  a  proper  opportunity,  we  are  glad  to  advise  suitable  fan  and  heater  for  the  particular 
conditions  of  every  individual  case.  This  information  is  best  presented  by  a  complete  set  of  drawings 
of  the  structure  to  be  heated  and  ventilated. 

Illustrations  of  prominent  buildings  of  widely  different  character,  together  with  installation 
details  and  tables  concerning  Buffalo  Fan  System,  appear  in  the  back  pages  of  this  catalogue.  They 
are  thus  located  instead  of  following  at  this  point  (as  in  previous  editions)  for  the  convenience  of  those 
who  refer  to  illustrations  of  machinery  more  frequently  than  to  the  applications. 

US 


Q  j 

«  ! 

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e  "o 

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Buffalo  Fan    System  Lumber  Dry   Kilns, 

For  Seasoning  Hard  and  Soft  Timber. 


THE  increased  demand  for  seasoned  stock  from  all  industries  using  timber  as  a  basis,  has 
rendered  the  old-time  natural  open-air  process  of  drying  almost  obsolete.  By  a  close  study  of 
natural  conditions,  the  construction  and  operation  of  the  Buffalo  Fan  System  Lumber  Dryers 
have  been  brought  to  their  present  advanced  and  successful  stage.  The  products  therefrom  fully 
equal,  if  not  surpass  in  quality,  the  best  of  the  old-style  methods.  The  dryers  vastly  excel  in  point  of 
time  required  to  effect  a  perfect  seasoning  of  timber. 

The  advantages  of  the  Buffalo  Fan  System  for  lumber  drying  may  be  further  enumerated  as 
follows  :  Perfect  adaptability  to  kilns  of  any  size,  so  that  any  desired  amount  of  dried  lumber  may  be 
secured  per  day  ;  entire  freedom  from  fire  risk  ;  absolute  control  of  temperature  and  humidity  of  air ; 
a  heater  well  adapted  for  using  live  or  exhaust  steam,  or  both  together  at  the  same  time  ;  the  elim- 
ination of  back  pressure  upon  an  engine  when  exhaust  steam  is  employed ;  perfect  drainage  ;  utiliza- 
tion of  every  foot  of  heating  surface  ;  a  strong  and  uniform  circulation  of  air  at  all  times  ;  no  steam 
pipes  in  the  dry  room  ;  no  attendant  evil  results  of  freezing  of  water  in  steam  pipes  during  cold 
weather,  and  a  minimum  expense  of  operation,  the  time  of  drying  being  shortest  known. 

The  drying  of  any  material  is  most  effectually  accomplished  when  done  in  the  shortest  time 
possible  without  injury.  Scarcely  two  kinds  receive  precisely  the  same  treatment.  This  is  especially 
true  in  lumber  seasoning.  Little  observation  is  needed  to  see  that  hard  timbers,  like  oak,  ash, 
hickory,  maple,  etc.,  differ  materially  in  the  arrangement  of  their  cells  or  tissues  from  the  soft  tim- 
bers, such  as  pine,  cypress,  hemlock,  etc.  There  is  also  an  intermediate  class,  for  example,  poplar, 
bass,  southern  pine,  and  timbers  of  like  nature.  The  greatest  difficulty  in  lumber  seasoning  is  met  in 
the  hard  woods  first  referred  to.  A  successful  manipulation  of  these  in  drying  solves  the  problem  for 
all  the  others.  Seasoning  or  drying  of  lumber  consists  in  the  evaporation  of  the  fluid  commonly 
known  as  sap  from  its  cells  or  tissues.  During  this  process  they  shrink  and  become  hardened, 
assuming  such  a  position  as  to  render  the  stock  comparatively  free  from  undue  after-expansion  or 
displacement,  under  ordinary  exposure  to  atmospheric  influences.  With  many  kinds  of  wood,  the 
first  step  in  seasoning  or  drying  is  the  sweating  process.  It  should  be  continued  until  the  lumber  is 
sweated  to  its  center,  when  this  process  ceases  and  the  drying  is  commenced.  Sweating  may  often 
be  accomplished  to  advantage  by  introducing  a  jet  of  steam  into  the  lumber  dryer.  It  is  a  well  known 
fact  that  too  intense  heat  applied  to  almost  any  sort  of  lumber  will  cause  cracking,  checking  and 
warping;  this  is  due  to  the  fact  that  the  cells  or  tissues  are  of  various  degrees  of  hardness,  as  caused 
by  the  continual  growth  of  the  tree.  A  high  temperature  causes  the  more  porous  cells  to  expand 
more  readily  than  the  solid  ones,  thus  tearing  loose  the  tylosus  or  interlocking  of  fibers,  with  the 
attendant  result  of  reducing  the  resistance  strain.  By  carefully  regulating  the  humidity  of  the  atmos- 
phere, the  exact  condition  of  which  may  be  readily  ascertained  by  the  use  of  the  hygrometers,  this 
expansion  is  graduated,  and  prevents  the  tearing  away  of  the  interlocking  fibers. 

Complete  detailed  plans  of  either  form  of  kiln  are  furnished  with  every  order.  Blank  forms, 
upon  which  may  be  filled  out  the  necessary  data  for  estimating,  will  be  cheerfully  furnished. 

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149 


Buffalo  Fan  System  Lumber  Dry  Kilns, 


Progressive  Type  for  Hard  and  Soft  Timber. 


Detail  Fi^.    i. 


T 


Detail  Fig.  2. 


'HE  cuts  herewith  presented  clearly  illustrate 
the  general  arrangement  of  Buffalo  Fan 
System  Progressive  Lumber  Dryers,  which 
are  especially  adapted  for  hard  wood  timbers.  In 
Fig.  1  we  have  a  side  view  of  the  kiln,  with  the 
exhausting  type  of  apparatus  applied  thereto.  The 
fan  delivers  the  air  hot  direct  to  the  kiln,  it  first 
having  passed  over  the  coils  of  steam  pipe,  becoming 
thoroughly  heated.  The  circulation  of  air  through 
and  around  the  cars  of  lumber  is  shown,  and  also  its 
exit  through  the  openings  at  the  bottom  of  the  kiln, 
opposite  the  end  where  the  heated  air  is  supplied. 
During  the  latter  stages  of  lumber  drying,  and  also  in 
handling  some  timbers,  there  is  economy  in  returning 


a  portion  of  this  air  to  the  apparatus,  which  may  be  accomplished  by  the  usual  return  duct. 

In  obtaining  the  full  daily  drying  capacity  of  any  dryer,  much  depends  upon  those  in  charge 
of  the  kiln.  Careless  piling  of  lumber  will  very  materially  reduce  the  efficiency  and  capacity  of  an 
apparatus,  and,  therefore,  care  should  be  taken  in  loading  every  car  before  it  enters  the  kiln,  provid- 
ing proper  space  between  each  course  of  lumber,  so  that  the  air  may  readily  have  a  thorough  circu- 
lation throughout.  Lumber  will  then  be  seasoned  thoroughly  and  evenly  throughout  the  entire  car. 

In  Fig.  2  may  be  observed  the  outlets  of  the  hot  air  from  the  apparatus,  through  the  openings 
provided  for  the  purpose,  and  the  manner  in  which  it  is  supplied  to  the  kiln.  The  cars  of  lumber 
appearing  herewith  have  gradually  been  brought  in  contact  with  the  greatest  heat  from  the  opposite 
end  of  the  kiln  where  they  are  first  entered.  These  cuts  illustrate  a  single  progressive  kiln. 


Buffalo  Fan  System  Lumber  Dry  Kilns, 

For  Hard  and  Soft  Timber. 


APARTMENT  KILNS. — This  type  of  lumber  dryer  consists  of  several  or  a  series  of  rooms 
of  any  desired  size,  usually  governed  in  form  by  the  lumber  to  be  seasoned,  but  which  are  sel- 
dom operated  upon  the  progressive  principle,  though  cars  are  often  used  therein.  For  certain  ser- 
vice, kilns  of  this  construction  afford  great  advantage,  inasmuch  as  by  regulation  of  dampers  pro- 
vided for  the  purpose,  any  desired  temperature  can  be  maintained  in  any  of  the  apartments,  without 
reference  to  each  other.  Each  room  is  provided  with  ventilators  for  expelling  the  saturated  air,  for 
it  is  not  often  that  the  arrangement  will  permit  of  the  return  duct  feature.  Where  small  quantities 
of  different  kinds  and  thicknesses  of  lumber  are  to  be  seasoned,  the  apartment  plan  affords  very 
desirable  features  not  found  in  other  forms  of  dryers. 

REMODELING  OF  ORDINARY  KILNS — The  Buffalo  Fan  System  Apparatus,  applied  to  operate 
with  ordinary  or  home-made  kilns  with  steam  pipes  in  the  bottom,  will  very  materially  increase  their 
capacity,  and  the  evenness  of  drying.  Very  much  smaller  heaters  are  used  in  remodeling  kilns 
which  have  been  previously  piped  for  direct  steam  than  with  the  regular  progressive  dryers,  though 
the  size  of  fan  remains  practically  the  same,  for  a  large  volume  of  air  is  more  serviceable  in  effect- 
ing rapid  drying  than  too  intense  a  degree  of  heat. 

LOCATION  OF  APPARATUS. — What  is  often  the  most  convenient  location  for  the  apparatus,  is 
not  always  the  most  advisable.  For  example,  it  may  best  suit  the  convenience  of  the  engineer  in  charge 
to  have  the  apparatus  located  near  the  factory  engine,  while  the  kiln  proper  may  be  at  some  distance 
therefrom.  To  carry  the  heated  air  through  the  intervening  distance  is  not  economical,  therefore  it 
is  necessary  that  the  apparatus  be  located  in  a  house  especially  provided  for  the  purpose,  adjacent  to 
the  kiln.  In  cases  where  this  is  inconvenient,  and  it  is  not  desirable  to  employ  the  return  duct 
feature,  the  heater  may  be  placed  close  to  the  kiln,  while  the  fan  may  be  located  at  some  distance 
from  it,  and  blow  the  air  over  the  intervening  space.  As  the  air  is  cold  until  it  reaches  the  coils, 
there  is  no  loss  by  radiation.  It  is  more  economical  to  carry  the  steam  to  a  heater  thus  arranged, 
than  to  attempt  to  carry  the  heated  air  over  the  same  space. 

IN  GENERAL. — A  prime  feature  of  this  system  is  the  freedom  from  fire.  The  steam  pipes  are 
entirely  encased  in  a  fire-proof  jacket  of  heavy  steel  plate,  and  placed  in  an  apartment  separate  from 
the  drying  room.  There  is  no  contact  of  heating  surface  with  wood  work.  Insurance  rates  are  re- 
duced to  a  minimum.  Fan  system  dryers  are  often  located  inside  of  factory  buildings. 

This  process  is  adapted  to  seasoning  all  kinds  of  lumber,  though  various  kinds  require  different 
treatment.  In  one  case,  it  will  be  a  high  temperature  with  rapid  circulation  of  a  great  volume  of  air, 
and  in  another  a  lower  temperature,  but  the  same  large  quantity  of  air.  For  hard  wood  lumbers, 
such  as  oak  and  hickory,  the  latter  is  especially  advisable.  The  return  ducts  in  drying  hard  wood 
lumber,  whereby  a  portion  or  all  of  the  air  may  be  returned  to  the  apparatus,  are  desirable,  for  the 
reason  that  with  one  passing  through  the  lumber  complete  saturation  does  not  take  place,  and  a  cer- 
tain degree  of  humidity  is  valuable  in  opening  the  pores  and  softening  the  outside  of  the  lumber,  so 
that  the  inside  moisture  can  find  its  way  to  the  surface. 


Buffalo  Fan    System   Lumber   Dry  Kilns, 

For  Seasoning  Hard  and  Soft  Timber. 


Hygrophant  for  Determining  Humidity  of  Air  in  Drying  Plants. 


152 


Buffalo  Fan    System    Lumber    Dry    Kilns, 

For  Seasoning  Special  Stock. 


TIMBER  in  the  form  of  veneers,  shingles,  staves,  heading,  material  for  carriage  wheels,  kind- 
ling wood,  etc.,  has  been  most  successfully  handled  by  this  system,  though  the  arrangements 

generally  call  for  some  uncommon  form  either  of  the  construction  of  the  apparatus  itself,  or 
the  drying  room. 

In  all  lumber  dry  kilns,  sufficient  care  ordinarily  is  not  given  to  the  proper  piling  of  timber. 
Whether  the  stock  is  1  inch,  as  thin  as  veneers,  or  thick  oak  planks,  care  should  be  taken  that  the 
air  and  heat  can  readily  be  brought  into  contact  on  every  side.  The  piling  sticks  separating  the 
different  courses  of  lumber  never  should  be  less  than  i/%  inch  thick  and  even  greater  for  lumber  of 
increased  thickness.  When  regular  lumber  dry  kiln  trucks,  illustrated  on  a  previous  page,  are  not 
suitable  for  the  stock,  cars  are  built  with  latticed  sides  and  bottom.  The  ends  are  so  constructed 
that  they  may  be  let  down,  and  allow  easy  removal  of  the  load.  Cars  of  this  type  are  most  conven- 
ient for  handling  kindling  wood,  shingles,  etc. 

BUFFALO  TOWER  DRY  KILNS. — Years  ago,  this  house  conceived  the  idea  of  employing  a 
dry  kiln  built  in  the  form  of  a  tower,  for  seasoning  staves,  stock  for  butter  tubs,  wooden  pails,  etc. 
The  first  kiln  of  this  form  consisted  of  one  single  tower,  and  was  in  every  way  so  great  an  improve- 
ment over  previous  drying  rooms » for  similar  work,  that  considerable  study  and  experiments  were 
made  upon  this  form.  Later  large  plants  are  composed  of  a  number  of  towers,  grouped  together. 
Their  sizes  and  proportions  are,  like  nearly  all  special  forms  of  dryers,  dependent  upon  the  character 
of  the  material  to  be  seasoned,  desired  daily  capacity,  and  other  conditions.  The  towers  are  built 
from  6  to  8  feet  square,  and  from  20  to  40  feet  high.  In  order  that  the  stock  may  be  easily  taken 
out  at  the  bottom  without  loss  of  heat  from  the  doors  being  opened  too  great  a  length  of  time,  the 
floors  of  all  tower  kilns  are  built  inclined.  As  the  hot  air  enters  from  directly  underneath  the  dry 
room,  the  floors  necessarily  must  be  latticed,  and  by  employing  iron  the  net  work  may  be  much  more 
open,  with  the  attendant  result  of  reducing  the  obstruction  to  the  free  passage  of  air  to  a  minimum. 
The  floors  of  the  tower  are  built  sufficiently  on  an  incline  that  the  stock  must  necessarily  slide  out 
easily  when  the  side  doors  of  the  kiln  are  opened.  In  this  form  of  dryer,  the  material  is  thrown  in  at 
the  top,  usually  from  a  certain  story  of  the  manufactory,  the  kiln  being  built  conveniently  adjacent 
thereto,  and  as  dried  stock  is  taken  out  at  the  bottom  it  gradually  comes  in  contact  with  the  greatest 
heat,  as  it  works  its  way  downward. 

Application  has  also  been  made  to  tower  dryers,  whereby  the  material  enters  at  the  bottom, 
and  gradually  passes  up  to  the  top  by  means  of  endless  chains,  with  satisfactory  results. 

THE  HYGROPHANT  is  a  most  useful  instrument,  and  indispensable  in  many  dryers,  especially 
where  stock  sensitive  to  hot  currents  is  being  seasoned.  By  its  use  the  relative  humidity  of  the 
atmosphere  may  be  accurately  known.  Upon  the  proper  regulation  of  this  does  the  successful  and 
economical  handling  of  many  timbers,  especially  hard  woods,  depend.  The  same  is  also  true  of 
other  materials.  The  humidity  of  atmosphere  in  lumber  dry  kilns,  when  insufficient  for  best  re- 
sults, is  easily  increased  by  the  introduction  of  steam  jets  in  the  air  ducts  leading  to  kiln. 

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Buffalo   Fan  System  Progressive  Dryers, 

For  Brick,  Tile,  Terra  Cotta,  etc. 


UNTIL  the  introduction  of  this  apparatus  for  drying  brick,  clay,  tile  and  similar  material,  there 
has  been  no  efficient,  reliable  or  economical  system  upon  the  market.  Furnace  dryers  in  almost 
unlimited  numbers  and  forms  have  been  tried,  with  the  result,  in  the  majority  of  cases,  of  the 
brick  and  other  stock  being  seasoned  previous  to  burning,  cracking  to  so  great  an  extent  that  the  loss 
is  a  considerable  item.  The  nature  of  some  clay  is  such  that  it  is  an  utter  impossibility  to  dry  it  by  such 
forms  of  dryers,  and  a  case  seldom  occurs  where  there  is  not  a  large  percentage  of  loss.  This  is 
due  entirely  to  the  fact  that  green  clay  products  cannot  be  brought  into  such  intense  and  dry  heat 
without  attendant  results  as  above.  This  feature  is  entirely  overcome  in  the  Buffalo  Progressive 
Brick  Drying  System.  Another  point,  which  every  brick  plant  owner  who  has  employed  a  dryer  of 
this  form  will  readily  acknowledge,  is  the  exorbitant  cost  of  maintenance,  especially  in  the  matter  of 
fuel.  There  is  not  the  faintest  suspicion  of  economy  in  any  of  these  dryers.  Direct  steam  pipes 
have  also  been  employed  with  results  which,  if  not  quite  so  disastrous  as  in  the  other  case,  certainly 
have  been  found  extremely  unsatisfactory,  and  the  working  of  such  a  dryer  which  is  reliable, 
economical  and  performs  the  work  evenly,  is  yet  unknown. 

The  unparalleled  success  of  Buffalo  Fan  System  Brick  Dryers  is  due  solely  to  our  experts  in 
charge  of  their  placing  having  a  thorough  knowledge  of  the  composition  and  properties  of  various 
clays  in  different  sections.  Scarcely  two  dryers  are  built  precisely  alike  in  length,  height,  arrange- 
ment of  air  ducts,  or  relative  proportions  of  fan  and  heater  capacity,  unless  used  for  the  same  clay. 
An  outfit  successful  in  one  instance  would  be  a  failure  in  others,  because  that  same  form,  size  and 
method  of  operating  the  dryer  would  crack  the  brick.  Those  desiring  to  install  dryers  of  the  highest 
efficiency  will  do  well  to  arrange  for  a  visit  of  an  expert.  We  have  ample  facilities  for  making  tests  in 
drying  of  any  clay  that,  upon  examination,  may  appear  to  require  a  special  treatment.  The  clay 
found  in  some  of  the  extreme  Western  States  is  of  such  composition  that  tests  are  invariably  neces- 
sary before  the  proportions  for  a  successful  dryer  can  be  decided  upon.  Buffalo  Brick  Dryers  have 
been  most  efficiently  applied  for  preparing  brick  for  burning  in  these  points  where  it  is  utterly  im- 
possible to  dry  either  in  open  air  or  by  any  existing  type  of  dryer. 

The  advantages  of  Buffalo  Progressive  Brick  Dryers  may  be  enumerated  as  follows  :  By 
their  use  it  is  possible  to  dry  the  entire  output  of  a  plant  per  day,  regardless  of  the  weather ;  they 
afford  the  brick  manufacturer  full  control  of  his  operations,  so  that  a  certain  output  may  be  depended 
upon  in  a  specified  time,  the  same  as  in  any  other  line  where  work  is  performed  under  cover. 
Winter  or  summer,  rain  or  snow,  in  no  way  affect  the  capacity  of  the  dryer.  Far  less  space  is  con- 
sumed than  in  drying  a  given  number  of  brick  per  day  with  any  other  dryer.  The  cost  of  running  ex- 
penses is  reduced  to  a  minimum  and  guaranteed  lower  than  with  any  other  apparatus.  Exhaust  steam 
is  utilized  to  the  greatest  advantage,  and,  in  many  cases,  sufficient  is  created  by  the  large  engine  to 
render  the  addition  of  live  unnecessary.  The  exhaust  steam  from  the  fan  engine  is  also  employed  in 
the  heater,  entailing  no  cost  of  motive  power  for  the  apparatus.  The  dryer  is  adapted  to  any  size  or 
capacity  from  10,000  to  300,000  brick  per  day. 


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Buffalo  Fan   System  Progressive  Dryers 

For  Brick,  Tile,  Terra  Cotta,  etc. 


VARIOUS  experiments  in  drying  brick  and  other  clay  products  have  demonstrated  that  to  rapidly 
and  successfully  evaporate  the  excessive  moisture  present,  it  is  imperative  that  a  large 
amount  of  air  be  brought  into  contact  therewith.  Probably  very  few  materials  to  be  dried 
contain  a  greater  amount  of  moisture,  and  to  rapidly  carry  it  away,  the  employment  of  a  fan  which 
will  deliver  a  very  large  volume  of  air  under  a  positive  pressure  is  required.  To  accelerate  the 
drying  process  to  the  greatest  possible  extent,  sufficient  heat  must  be  combined  with  the  air. 

That  this  house  has  furnished  and  erected  the  only  entirely  successful  fan  system  brick 
drying  outfits,  is  a  simple  matter  of  record.  Numerous  Buffalo  Dryers  are  in  daily  use  throughout 
various  sections  of  country,  all  giving  results  unattained  by  any  other  form  of  dryer  yet  produced. 
In  no  single  instance  has  a  Buffalo  Progressive  Brick  Dryer  been  placed  which  did  not  dry  more 
brick  than  was  guaranteed  as  its  capacity  within  a  given  time.  Intelligent  handling  of  the  plants, 
after  those  in  charge  had  become  familiar  with  their  details,  has  enabled  operators  to  secure  from 
10  to  35  per  cent,  more  brick  per  day  than  the  owners  were  informed  the  outfit  would  produce. 

The  Buffalo  Fan  System  Apparatus  has  also  been  most  happily  applied  to  existing  forms  of 
brick  dryers,  common  examples  being  those  having  direct  steam  pipes.  While  the  amount  of  material 
dried  in  a  remodeled  dryer  will  naturally  be  below  that  derived  from  the  same  amount  of  space 
devoted  to  the  progressive  type,  such  plants  have  been  made  very  satisfactory  to  their  owners. 

Fan  system  brick  dryers  of  other  construction  may  be  observed  in  different  sections.  In 
some  cases,  it  will  be  found  that  the  attempt  is  made  to  dry  the  brick  or  clay  with  steam  pipes  used 
in  conjunction  with  the  disk  or  ventilator  type  of  fan  applied  directly  to  blow  over  the  coils.  The 
efficiency  of  such  dryers  is  exceedingly  low,  being  scarcely  better  than  furnace  or  direct  radiation 
types.  When  the  matter  is  looked  into  carefully,  no  other  result  could  justly  be  expected,  when  the 
fact  is  taken  into  consideration  that  such  a  fan  cannot  overcome  the  resistance  offered  by  the  steam 
pipes,  to  say  nothing  of  the  closely  piled  brick  and  tile  in  tunnels.  Dryers  of  the  same  general 
appearance  as  the  apparatus  built  by  this  house  for  its  outfits,  have  occasionally  been  noticed,  but 
in  no  single  instance  has  a  fan  system  plant  been  found  (excepting  those  operated  by  a  Buffalo  Appar- 
atus) which  is  daily  drying  the  amount  of  brick  guaranteed  as  its  capacity.  This  point  is  called 
attention  to  with  no  egotistical  spirit  whatever,  but  as  a  portrayal  of  the  simple  facts  easily  con- 
firmed by  investigation.  A  most  thorough  inspection  of  every  form  of  dryer  upon  the  market  is 
earnestly  requested  from  those  who  have  occasion  to  install  an  apparatus  of  this  sort,  and  an  honest 
comparison  will  substantiate  our  claim  of  having  unquestionably  the  best  upon  the  market. 

The  unparalleled  success  of  the  Buffalo  Fan  System  Apparatus  is  primarily  due  to  a  thorough 
knowledge  of  the  requirements  attendant  upon  the  economical  and  rapid  drying  of  different  varieties  of 
clay  in  all  sections.  Upon  this  entirely  depend  the  number,  length,  height  and  width  of  the  tunnels, 
the  proper  point  of  introducing  the  heated  air,  and,  above  all,  the  amount  of  air  and  temperature 
at  which  it  is  introduced.  In  its  turn  this  determines  the  relative  proportions  of  the  fans  and  heat- 
ers employed  for  a  dryer  of  given  capacity. 


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158 


Buffalo  Fan  System  Progressive  Dryers, 

For  Brick,  Tile,  Terra  Cotta,  etc. 


ON  PREVIOUS  pages  we  illustrate  a  Buffalo  Progressive  Brick  Dryer  in  course  of  erection. 
The  cuts  are  presented,  not  for  the  purpose  of  showing  the  construction  of  the  apparatus,  but 

the  actual  appearance  of  a  plant  in  course  of  installation. 

The  blow- through  type  of  apparatus  is  employed,  and  for  certain  clay  and  other  conditions  in 
brick  drying  it  possesses  advantages  not  embodied  in  the  exhausting  type.  At  a  given  number  of 
revolutions,  a  blower  handling  cold  air  will  deliver  a  greater  amount  of  air  than  a  fan  exhausting 
through  the  heater,  handling  the  air  hot,  for  the  reason  that  air  expands  after  becoming  heated. 
The  air  is  conveyed  from  the  heater  proper  with  a  down  discharge  made  of  brick  and  wood.  This 
leads  directly  to  the  underground  duct  (see  pages  156  and  158),  which  communicates  to  several  air 
discharges  into  the  individual  tunnels.  The  duct  leads  to  the  tunnels,  directly  underneath  the  return 
track  at  the  left  in  the  engravings.  The  dryer  has  a  listed  drying  capacity  of  20,000  common 
building  brick  per  day.  With  nothing  more  than  the  ordinary  handling,  it  has  produced  up- 
wards of  25,000  brick  in  the  same  time  without  crowding.  Upon  the  opposite  page  the  outline  cut 
gives  the  general  details  of  the  arrangement  of  the  plant.  This  outfit  is  a  six-track  dryer,  each 
apartment  being  75  feet  long. 

Every  efficient  brick  dryer  necessarily  must  be  built  especially  for  the  clay  which  is  to  be 
handled,  and  the  air  ducts  require  particular  arrangement  for  each  different  plant.  These  points  are 
absolutely  necessary,  for  the  reason  that  some  clay  will  dry  without  damage  in  a  great  heat,  while 
other  qualities  require  different  treatment  as  there  would  be  great  loss  by  checking.  Any  experienced 
brick  manufacturer  will  appreciate  the  cogent  point,  that  a  thorough  knowledge  of  the  composition 
and  properties  of  various  clays  is  indispensable  to  their  successful  handling  in  drying.  The  engineers 
who  invariably  oversee  the  installation  of  Buffalo  Brick  Dryers  are  those  who  have  been  connected 
with  the  business  for  years  and  are  familiar  with  the  characteristics  of  different  clay  in  the  U.  S. 

In  Buffalo  Progressive  Brick  Dryers  of  various  capacity,  the  tunnels  are  from  55  to  90  feet 
in  length,  and  may  be  constructed  either  of  wood  or  brick.  Each  tunnel  is  built  of  the  proper  width 
for  one  car  of  brick,  tile  or  other  material,  which  moves  upon  two  tracks  gradually  from  the  green 
end  to  the  hot  end  of  the  dryer.  The  outfit  may  consist  of  any  desired  number  of  tunnels  from  4  to 
20,  according  to  the  capacity  of  the  dryer  and  the  material  to  be  handled.  For  easily  moving  the 
cars  of  brick,  the  tracks  in  the  dryer  should  be  built  on  a  slight  incline,/',  e.,  a  pitch  of  1  inch  to  6  feet. 

This  house  makes  a  specialty  of  supplying  complete  apparatus  for  brick  drying  plants,  consist- 
ing of  its  regular  fan  system  apparatus,  /.  e.,  fans,  engines,  heaters  and  traps,  standard  "  T  "  rail, 
improved  Buffalo  brick  cars  (a  line  of  which  is  illustrated  on  following  pages),  cable  or  wire  rope, 
sheave  pulleys  and  the  usual  other  appurtenances  for  tunnel  doors,  etc.  The  extended  experience 
gained  in  the  application  of  this  system  of  drying  of  all  varieties  of  clay  products,  including  the  most 
delicate,  and  also  the  expensive  art  work  produced  by  renowned  potteries,  leads  us  to  request  custo- 
mers who  may  have  any  special  material  to  be  handled,  to  make  inquiry  as  to  where  a  Buffalo  outfit 
for  the  same  general  service  may  be  seen  in  operation. 

i59 


Buffalo  Fan  System   Progressive  Dryers, 

Improved  Cars  for  Conveying  Tile,  Brick,  etc. 


Fig-  3- 


Buffalo  Fan  System  Progressive  Dryers, 

Improved   Cars,  for  Conveying  Brick,  Tile,  etc. 


THE  Improved  Buffalo  Brick  Cars  are  unsurpassed  in  design,  and  are  most  convenient.  The 
journals  are  of  simple  design,  made  on  the  ball-bearing  principle.  The  bumpers  are  made  of 
the  best  wrought  iron  and  project  2^  inches  over  each  end,  allowing  sufficient  space  between 
the  cars  for  the  air  currents  produced  by  the  Buffalo  Fan  System  Apparatus  to  circulate  freely. 
They  also  act  as  binding  braces,  the  spring  taking  off  the  jar  and  strain  when  cars  come  suddenly  to- 
gether, and  preventing  jamming  together  of  the  brick  or  tile.  The  weights  of  cars  are  guaranteed. 

Fig.  1  shows  the  pallet  type,  where  a  board  pallet  can  be  used  with  or  without  bumpers. 
This  iron  rack  car  is  a  very  strong  and  convenient  one,  and  well  adapted  for  carrying  soft  mud  brick. 
Fig.  2  represents  a  flat  car  without  bumpers,  reducing  its  cost  somewhat.  If  desired,  it  may  be 
used  for  pallets  where  they  have  risers  at  the  end.  In  Fig.  3  we  have  the  same  car  as  is  shown  in 
Fig.  2,  with  the  exception  that  it  is  provided  with  bumpers.  In  Fig.  4  we  illustrate  an  eight-post 
double  deck  car,  which  is  adapted  for  carrying  all  kinds  of  soft  mud  brick.  It  is  especially  suitable 
in  such  cases  where  the  brick  are  not  strong  enough  to  hack  on  a  flat  car.  It  is  made  to  hack  the 
brick  three  tiers  high  on  the  lower  section,  and  four  above,  if  desired.  Fig.  5  illustrates  a  double 
deck  car  of  the  three-post  type.  The  deck  may  be  made  either  of  wood  or  angle  iron,  as  desired, 
and  operated  by  lifting  it  as  shown  in  the  cut,  when  loading  and  unloading.  In  Fig.  6  an  iron  rack 
pallet  car,  intended  for  carrying  soft  mud  brick  and  used  where  five  brick  are  made  in  a  mold,  is 
shown.  The  same  car  is  also  adapted  and  especially  serviceable  for  carrying  fine  pressed  brick. 
A  first  class  transfer  car  is  indispensable,  especially  where  brick  or  tile  are  dried  under  a  Buffalo 
Fan  Progressive  Drying  System.  We  unhesitatingly  recommend  the  one  illustrated  by  Fig.  7  as 
being  the  finest  and  strongest  transfer  car  upon  the  market.  Fig.  8  is  a  good  illustration  of  the 
Buffalo  Double  Transfer  Car,  suitable  for  carrying  two  loaded  or  two  light  cars,  or  a  light  and  loaded 
car  at  the  same  operation.  The  convenience  of  a  turntable  is  never  appreciated  until  it  is  once  used. 
The  Improved  Buffalo,  illustrated  by  Fig.  9,  is  made  in  one  solid  piece  of  iron,  cannot  get  out  of  order 
and  will  last  a  life-time.  The  disk  plate  works  perfectly  on  a  pivot  center  bearing,  and  is  further 
supported  and  revolves  upon  eight  outer  wheels. 

PRICE  LIST  AND  CAPACITIES  OF  BUFFALO  IMPROVED  BRICK  CARS. 


No.              No.  OF  BRICK                                 D.AMETER 
HOLDING  CAPACITY 

WEIGHT 

540 
300 
290 
410 
410 
600 

GAUGE    BE 
TRACK    F 

24^i 
24y2 

24  )| 

24  y2 
24y2 

4  ft 
4    • 

TWEEN 
-AILS 

n. 

PRICE 

$16.00 
10.00 
10.50 
11.75 
12.15 
17.50 
18.00 
22.00 
16.00 

1                      432                 6  ft.       6  in 
2                     504                 6    '        9    ' 
3                     504                 7    '        3    ' 
4                     504                 7    '        3    ' 
5                     504                 7    '        3    ' 
6                     504                  7    '        6    ' 

40      in. 

35       ' 

35jJ   < 
35       ' 

1    car                               5  feet  wide 
2  cars                              5     " 
1    car                           Diameter  4  feet 

450 
575 
500 

161 


Buffalo  Fan  System  Progressive  Dryers, 

Improved  Cars  for  Conveying  Tile,  Brick,  etc. 


162 


Fig.  8. 


Buffalo    Fan    System    of   Drying, 

Various  Applications  and  Special  Dryers. 


STARCH  DRYING  AND  CRUSTING. — Beyond  question,  it  has  been  demonstrated  by  exist- 
ing Buffalo  Fan  System  Apparatus,  daily  operating  for  this  service,  that  it  possesses  merit 
unequaled  by  any  form  of  dryer  upon  the  market.  The  work  is  performed  in  a  thoroughly 
systematic,  efficient  and  economical  manner,  and  the  dryers  are  so  constructed  that  opportunity  is 
afforded  for  the  inspection  of  the  material  during  the  drying  process.  These  dryers  have  been 
introduced  into  a  number  of  the  foremost  starch  manufactories,  and  the  experience  of  those  who 
have  substituted  them  for  steam  pipe  coils  or  other  drying  apparatus,  is  that  the  work  is  accomplished 
in  a  great  reduction  of  time,  while  the  cost  of  drying  has  been  reduced,  and  the  quality  improved. 

In  one  of  the  very  largest  starch  manufactories  in  this  country  the  entire  drying  outfit  con- 
sists of  a  Buffalo  Fan  System  Apparatus.  The  former  time  of  drying  and  crusting,  under  the  most 
favorable  conditions,  was  six  days.  By  the  application  of  this  apparatus  it  has  been  reduced  to 
twenty-four  hours.  The  material  handled  is  in  the  form  of  7-inch  cubes.  The  method  of  appli- 
cation of  the  system  to  the  work  is  peculiar,  and  originated  by  this  house. 

LEATHER,  SAND  PAPER,  WALL  PAPER,  FABRICS.  WOOD  FIBER.  ETC. — In  drying  leather 
by  the  Buffalo  Fan  System  a  great  amount  of  time  and  labor  is  saved,  and  the  material  assumes  a 
color  which  it  is  impossible  to  secure  in  any  other  method  of  drying.  Furthermore,  the  leather  is 
cured  evenly.  There  is  no  accumulation  of  leather  in  drying  lofts  during  unfavorable  weather.  The 
rooms  are  thoroughly  ventilated  by  the  system  and  without  injury  to  the  stock.  A  high  velocity  of 
air  and  too  intense  a  degree  of  heat  in  leather  dryers  cause  a  depreciation  in  value  by  reason  of  its 
assuming  a  dark,  dull  color.  The  Buffalo  Fan  System  Apparatus,  applied  and  operated  in  accord 
with  our  instructions,  entirely  obviates  this  feature.  All  air  ducts  are  of  large  area,  and  the 
fans  are  invariably  run  at  a  slow  speed. 

In  drying  cloth,  where  applying  the  system  to  tentering  machines,  the  old  steam  pipe  dryers 
are  dispensed  with.  The  apparatus  is  separate  from  the  tenterer,  but  arranged  for  convenient 
manipulation.  For  the  drying  of  large  varieties  of  yarn,  knit  goods,  silks,  and  especially  in  steam 
laundries,  an  even  and  positive  circulation  of  warm  air  is  indispensable,  and  this  can  only  be  secured 
by  the  use  of  a  fan  system  apparatus.  There  are  several  apparatus  forms  adapted  for  the  arrange- 
ment of  drying,  each  dependent  upon  the  work  to  be  accomplished  and  the  material  handled.  In 
print  mills,  and  also  oil-cloth  manufactories,  no  discoloration  of  the  goods  is  effected  while  drying  by 
this  system.  For  drying  the  metal  work  coming  now  into  such  popular  favor  for  interior  decorations, 
these  outfits  are  especially  suited,  as  has  been  shown  by  their  being  installed  with  unequaled  success. 

DRYING  SALT  AND  OTHER  GRANULAR  SUBSTANCES. — The  first  thoroughly  efficient 
and  satisfactory  Fan  System  Salt  Dryer  was  designed  and  built  by  this  house  years  ago.  With  slight 
changes  in  form,  a  number  of  these  dryers  have  been  constructed  for  various  leading  concerns, 
giving  results  by  far  in  advance  of  any  arrangement  heretofore  brought  to  notice.  Sugar,  fertilizers, 
grain,  malt,  and  all  materials  of  granular  form,  may  be  equally  well  dried,  without  injury,  in  this 
manner.  Drying  cylinders  are  employed  according  to  individual  requirements 

163 


Buffalo   Fan  System  of  Dryin 

Applied  in  a  Powder  Mill. 


g. 


D         aaaaooaa  a        a        o 


A  Special  Powder  Drying  Outfit. 
164 


Buffalo    Fan    System    of   Drying, 

Various  Applications  and  Special    Dryers. 


COTTON,  SILK  AND  WOOLEN  STOCK. — Previous  to  the  introduction  of  Buffalo  Fan  System 
Apparatus,  difficulty  has  been  experienced  in  uniformly  and  rapidly  drying  this  material. 
Inasmuch  as  the  trouble  has  laid  mainly  in  the  want  of  a  sufficient  volume  of  air,  it  has 
been  a  very  easy  task  to  accomplish.  The  table  or  bench  form  of  dryer  is  usually  employed  for  the 
above  service,  and  also  for  drying  hair,  rubber,  pine  fiber,  jute,  etc.  The  material  is  so  placed  upon 
the  screens  that  it  is  thoroughly  opened  up  and  exposed  to  the  strong  currents  of  the  warm  air. 
Naturally,  the  length,  form  and  arrangement  of  the  screens  or  racks  will  depend  upon  the  existing 
conditions.  The  air  from  the  apparatus  is  forced  under  positive  pressure  into  the  drying  room  directly 
underneath  the  stock,  and  the  continuous  operation  of  the  fan  compels  it  to  pass  directly  up 
through  the  material.  A  favorite  custom  is  to  have  two,  or  a  series  of  rooms  of  the  same  dimen- 
sions, and  after  filling  one  room  then  apply  the  heat,  preparing  the  others  in  the  same  manner. 
When  a  given  amount  of  stock  is  to  be  dried  in  a  specified  time,  provision  may  be  made  for  accom- 
plishing such  service,  and  the  arrangement  designed  to  suit  the  convenience  of  the  operator. 

TOBACCO  CURING  AND  ORDERING. — This, work  is  admirably  accomplished  by  the  Buffalo 
Fan  System  with  positive  benefit  to  the  appearance  and  quality  of  the  product.  The  apartment  form 
of  dryer  is  very  convenient,  and  generally  the  best  adapted  to  the  work.  After  filling  one  of  the 
rooms,  heat  and  air  from  the  apparatus  should  be  turned  on  very  lightly  (and  this  point  may  be  regu- 
lated to  a  nicety  by  dampers),  gradually  raising  the  temperature,  and  at  the  same  time  increasing 
the  current  of  air  until  the  material  is  thoroughly  cured.  In  no  case  should  heat  be  allowed  to  ex- 
ceed 135°.  There  is  much  difference  in  the  climates,  also  in  the  soil,  where  tobacco  is  grown,  and 
this,  coupled  with  the  fact  that  there  are  different  species  cultivated,  renders  it  necessary  that  the 
man  in  charge  of  the  dryer  exercise  his  own  judgment  as  to  the  time  of  increasing  the  heat  and 
volume  of  air  to  each  apartment ;  closely  observing  the  results  obtained,  will  soon  teach  the  operator 
how  fast  to  open  the  dampers.  These  plants  have  been  installed  in  a  large  number  of  drying  rooms, 
and  found  to  excel  by  far  any  existing  form  of  dryer. 

Where  the  dryers  are  operated  upon  the  progressive  system,  which  is  equally  well  suited 
when  properly  managed,  the  temperature  at  the  entering  point  should  not  register,  on  an  average, 
higher  than  the  above  named,  while  at  the  opposite  end  it  will  be  lower,  and  the  same  results  will  be 
secured  by  gradually  bringing  the  material  into  the  greatest  heat,  as  is  referred  to  for  the  apartment 
plan.  The  dry  rooms  are  so  constructed  that  by  closing  certain  air  ducts  the  tobacco  may  be  sweated 
as  much  as  the  master  of  the  situation  desires.  He  can  also  have  uniform  cures  in  all  kinds  of 
weather,  as  perfect  and  positive  control  of  the  temperature  and  humidity  of  the  air  is  always 
afforded.  Tobacco  manufacturers  well  appreciate  the  fact  that  the  ordinary  apparatus  for  drying  readily 
burn  the  tobacco,  and  destroy  essential  oils.  When  cured  by  the  fan  system  process,  the  tobacco  is 
always  left  with  a  much  richer  aroma,  and  is  given  all  the  qualities  of  the  sun-cured  product,  together 
with  a  color  of  the  best  flue  or  barn-cured  stock,  and,  what  is  more,  the  work  is  accomplished  in  a 
minimum  length  of  time.  Accompany  all  inquiries  with  full  details. 

165 


Buffalo  Disk  Wheel, 

With  Overhung  Pulley. 


Especially  Suited  for  Cooling,  Ventilating  and  Drying. 

1 66 


Buffalo    Disk    Wheels, 

With  Overhung  Pulleys. 


FOR  the  various  uses  to  which  disk  ventilating  wheels  are  adapted,  it  is  at  once  evident  to 
those  who  examine  into  the  design  and  construction  of  the  Buffalo  that  in  all  points  it 
stands  pre-eminently  in  the  foreground. 

Of  two  fans  which  move  the  same  quantity  of  air  with  the  same  power,  if  the  fans  are  of  the 
same  diameter,  the  one  is  better  which  runs  at  the  slower  speed.  As  an  agent  for  moving  air,  and 
speaking  of  the  comparative  value  of  fans,  the  one  is  best  which,  under  similar  conditions,  moves  the 
most  air  with  the  least  power.  That  the  design  and  construction  of  Buffalo  Ventilating  Fans  are  such 
as  secure  absolutely  the  best  results  for  all  general  uses  has  been  repeatedly  proven  by  tests  of  these 
fans  conducted  by  foremost  experts.  Aside  from  theoretical  experiments,  numerous  instances 
exist  and  may  be  cited,  where,  in  practical  work  under  different  conditions  and  uses,  Buffalo  Disk 
Wheels  have  supplanted  other  types  which  were  set  aside  as  inefficient,  in  that  they  failed  to  move 
the  same  amount  of  air  per  horse-power  in  a  given  diameter  of  fan. 

Public  buildings  afford,  perhaps,  the  best  opportunity  for  severe  and  critical  tests  of  the 
efficiency  of  a  disk  ventilating  fan.  As  to  evidence  of  our  claims  for  unsurpassed  efficiency,  none 
could  be  more  convincing  than  existing  noted  buildings  where  Buffalo  Ventilating  Fans  have  been 
selected  as  being  the  best  obtainable,  and  without  regard  to  cost.  A  few  examples  of  such  struc- 
tures are  :  The  Chicago  Auditorium,  Chicago  ;  Drexel  Building,  Philadelphia,  Pa.;  City  Hall,  Rich- 
mond, Va.;  McLeod  Hotel,  Dallas,  Texas  ;  Tacoma  Hotel,  Tacoma,  Wash.;  N.  Y.  C.  &  H.  R.  R.  Union 
Depot,  New  York  City;  Michigan  Asylum  for  the  Insane  ;  and  public  and  high  school  buildings  every- 
where in  this  country.  In  the  latter  class  of  structures,  they  have  been  largely  used  for  exhaust  ventila- 
tion with  direct  steam  heat.  They  have  also  been  used,  though  less  often,  for  forcing  fresh  air  into 
buildings  with  excellent  results.  That  system  of  ventilating  and  heating  in  educational  buildings, 
however,  is  becoming  almost  obsolete,  being  succeeded  by  the  more  improved  form  of  apparatus, 
i.e.,  the  Buffalo  Fan  System  described  on  previous  pages. 

That  adjustable  blades  are  an  advantage  in  a  disk  ventilating  fan,  a  point  claimed  by  some 
manufacturers,  is  very  erroneous.  While,  possibly,  a  good  talking  point  in  selling,  the  feature  is  of 
great  disadvantage.  Tests  and  continued  service  both  have  conclusively  proven  that  such  fans  are 
very  liable  to  get  out  of  balance,  hence  will  not  run  smoothly  at  sustained  high  speeds. 

The  efficiency  of  a  ventilating  wheel  for  all  uses  largely  depends  upon  its  being  properly 
applied.  We  are,  therefore,  always  pleased  to  give  patrons  the  benefit  of  our  extended  experience  in 
installing  these  machines  to  various  uses,  if  furnished  with  complete  data  as  to  conditions  under 
which  the  fan  is  to  be  used.  Full  details  should  accompany  all  inquiries,  and  these  are  best  em- 
bodied in  a  drawing.  On  succeeding  pages  we  publish  certain  sketches  from  which  one  can  easily 
determine  features  to  be  avoided,  and  those  to  be  adopted,  in  general  applications. 

After  many  years  of  expensive  experiments  and  tests  with  various  shapes  of  blades  for  disk 
wheel  construction,  it  has  been  demonstrated  that  the  design  adopted  will  deliver  more  air  with  the 
same  amount  of  power  applied  than  any  other.  By  an  ingenious  system  of  balancing,  used  only  in 

167 


Buffalo  Disk  Wheels, 


With  Overhung  Pulleys. 


TABLE  OF  PRINCIPAL  DIMENSIONS— IN  INCHES. 


WEIGHT 

SIZE 

A 

B      C      D      E      F 

G 

H 

J 

Packed 

Not  Packed 

18 

23* 

20      4      5%     7%    2 

4 

19* 

17* 

90 

75 

24 

28^ 

25%    3%     7^     9     2 

4 

25X 

19's 

115 

100 

30 

36^ 

33      4^     8)4     9^    2% 

6 

32>i 

22% 

190 

170 

36 

42^ 

38      5)4    IOX    H      3 

7 

38X 

23^ 

250 

230 

42 

48^ 

45^    6 

10^    ll'.^    3^ 

8 

43% 

27 

350 

325 

48 

57^ 

53^ 

6^ 

13^4:   n^   4 

9 

52^ 

30^ 

475 

445 

54 

(Atf 

61 

7 

15^    14      4 

9 

59 

34^ 

595 

560 

60 

69% 

67 

7X    17     13^4    5 

10 

64 

37^ 

670 

630 

72 

Q2/2 

80^ 

7^ 

21X    18     5^ 

12 

76 

45's 

870 

820 

84    95 

92^    8 

27     17#    6 

14 

89 

52^ 

1050 

990 

1 68 


Buffalo   Disk  Wheels, 


With  Overhung  Pulleys. — Continued. 

the  construction  of  Buffalo  Disk  Wheels,  we  are  enabled  to  secure  smooth  running  even  when  driven 
at  a  high  speed.  As  near  as  possible,  the  center  of  gravity  coincides  with  the  center  of  motion. 
The  making  of  the  blades  or  spiders  requires  the  greatest  skill  of  any  part  of  the  wheel,  and  we  spare 
no  pains  or  expense  to  the  end  of  securing  a  perfect  machine. 

Certain  manufacturers  of  fans  having  a  greater  number  of  blades  than  those  built  by  this 
house,  refer  to  the  latter  as  inefficient,  and  with  the  argument  that  the  blades  are  omitted  to  cheapen 
the  factory  cost.  Greater  ignorance  of  proper  disk  wheel  construction  could  not  be  displayed.  The 
amount  of  back-lash  present  in  those  with  too  many  blades  is  very  great,  and  it  may  be  readily 
noticed  without  the  use  of  an  anemometer.  The  intelligent  purchaser  is  looking  for  results,  and 
need  not  be  told  such  fans  are  inefficient.  In  the  standard  construction  of  Buffalo  Pulley  Disk 
Wheels,  standing  on  the  pulley  side,  the  fan  revolves  over  to  the  right,  and  delivers  air  toward  the 
opposite  side  of  the  machine.  When  ordered  specially,  spiders  may  be  so  constructed  as  to  run  the 
opposite  way,  and  still  deliver  air  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  fan,  or  they  may  be  so  built  as  to  drive 
the  air  through  the  fan  over  the  pulley  side,  which  is  directly  contrary  to  the  standard  construction. 
They  are  also  built  for  operating  upon  vertical  shafts,  a  step  or  ball  bearing  being  provided  at  the 
bottom.  All  details  of  such  special  construction  should  be  mentioned  in  making  inquiries. 

Buffalo  Disk  Wheels  are  very  stiffly  braced  in  every  part,  the  strength  of  vane  and  blade 
being  sufficient  for  the  hardest  kind  of  service.  They  are  particularly  adapted  to  such  uses  as  require 
the  movement  of  large  volumes  of  air  where  there  is  free  delivery  to  and  from  the  fan,  and  in  conse- 
quence no  great  amount  of  resistance  to  overcome.  We  guarantee  Buffalo  Ventilating  Wheels  to  be 
capable  of  moving  a  larger  volume  of  air  in  proportion  to  power  expended  than  any  other  wheel  of 
same  diameter  on  the  market,  and  to  be  noiseless  in  operation.  They  are  also  inexpensive,  of  handy 
form,  simple  in  construction,  and  being  light  are  readily  put  in  position.  Each  machine  is  fitted  with 
a  self-oiling  device  which  permits  the  wheel  to  be  left  without  attention  for  a  Jong  period — an 
especially  valuable  feature  when  used  in  cupolas,  leather  drying  lofts  or  other  places  not  easy  of 
access.  Flanged  pulleys  are  sent  unless  otherwise  ordered.  A  large  stock  of  the  various  sizes  men- 
tioned in  table  below,  is  constantly  kept  on  hand  for  immediate  shipment.  Special  wheels  of  greater 
diameters  than  catalogued  may  be  readily  furnished  to  order.  Blue  prints  showing  number  of  blades 
and  other  details  will  be  furnished  upon  application. 

PRICE  LIST  OF  BUFFALO  PULLEY  DISK   WHEELS. 


Diameter  of 
Wheel,   Inches 

PULLEYS 

PRICE 

Diameter  of 
Wheel,   Inches 

PULLEYS 

PRICB 

Diam.  in  In. 

Face  in  In. 

Diam.  in  In. 

Face  in  In. 

18 

4 

2 

$  40.00 

48 

9 

4 

$125.00 

24 

4 

2 

50.00 

54 

9 

4 

175.00 

30 

6 

2 

65.00 

60 

10                       5 

250.00 

36 

7 

3 

85.00 

72                       12                        5% 

300.00 

42                      8 

3/4 

110.00 

84                       14                        6 

350.00 

169 


Buffalo  Disk  Wheel, 


With  Direct-attached  Engine. 


Engine  Enclosed,  Running  in  Oil,  Double  Single-acting   Type. 


170 


Buffalo  Disk  Wheels, 


With  Direct-attached  Engines. 


THE  engine  shown  on  the  opposite  page  directly  connected  to  a  disk  wheel  is  of  the  Buffalo 
Double    Single-acting  Type,  is  enclosed   and   runs   in    oil.       It  is    of    the  same    high   grade 
construction  employed  for  these  engines  when  they  are   built  for  running  dynamos  and  other 
refined  service.     No  governor,  however,  is  used  when  direct   connected  to  a  fan.     The  use  of  disk 
wheels  is  thus  rendered  feasible  for  buildings   having  ample   boiler  capacity  but  limited  power.     It 
also  adapts  them  for  locations  where  to   transmit  power  by  belt  connections  would  be  expensive  in 
the  first  cost  and  subsequent  maintenance.     The  engines  are   constructed  with  special  reference  for 
disk  wheel  propulsion,  occupying  but  little  space,  although  driving  the  fan  at  sustained  high  speeds 
without  appreciable  noise  or  vibration.     The  support  is  a  substantial  cast  iron  bracket,  and  the  appear- 
ance of  the  engine  is  neat  and  compact.     They  require  but  little  attention  to  keep  in  running  order. 


—  c  —  > 

J 

PRICE  LIST,  WITH  TABLE  OF  PRINCIPAL  DIMENSIONS  IN  INCHES. 


Size 

A 

37% 
45 
53M 
61 
66 
80 
92M 

C 

D 

C 

F 

G 

H 

Size  of 
Engine, 

D.  S.  A. 

Size 
Steam 

Size 
Ex. 

WEIGHT 

Price 

Packed     NotP'ckd 

36 

42 
48 
54 
60 
72 
84 

42^ 
48% 
57% 
64% 
69% 
82^ 
95 

5X 

5M 

6/2 

7Y4 
7% 
8 

9M 
12 
13 
15 
17 
22 
27 

11% 

I  OX 

10/8 

13 
12 
12!3 
12% 

16% 

16% 
16% 
18ft 
18ft 
21% 
21% 

4-3% 
45 

4bl/2 

53ft 
54% 
64,-7B 
69% 

38K 
43% 
52y2 
59 
64 
76 
89 

2      x  3 
2l/2  x  3 
3      x  3 
3M  x  4 
4      x  4 
41A  x  5 
5      x  5 

1 
1 

IX 

yl 

IK 
\% 

IK 

18 
m 

2 
2 

580           530 
725            675 
845            795 
1010             960 
1080          1030 
1895           1820 
2065           1990 

$175 
210 
230 
355 
415 
500 
540 

171 


Buffalo  Disk  Wheel, 

With  Direct-attached  Electric  Motor. 


Electric  Disk  Wheel,  Motor  Connected  Direct  to  the  Fan  Shaft. 


172 


Buffalo  Disk   Wheels, 


With  Direct-attached  Electric  Motors. 


THE  rapid  gain  in  popularity  of  electricity  as  a  motive  power  is  continually  making  the  con- 
venience of  Buffalo  Electric  Ventilating  Wheels  better  appreciated.  The  electric  motors  are 
built  as  part  of  the  fan,  and  require  only  minimum  power  for  driving.  Nothing  can  approach 
them  in  adaptability  to  all  locations  and  for  all  ventilating  purposes.  To  start  or  stop  is  merely  a 
matter  of  adjusting  a  switch  or  pushing  a  button,  and  neither  engine  or  belt  is  required.  Their 
operation  is  unattended  with  danger. 

It  will  at  once  be  seen  that  the  important  question  of  proper  ventilation  need  not  be  out  of 
consideration  in  locations  where  a  boiler  and  engine  could  not  be  placed.  Then,  again,  the  electric 
current  to  drive  these  fans  can  usually  be  obtained  from  the  street  wires  of  the  electric  light 
companies  at  moderate  outlay. 

For  ventilating  purposes  in  dry  goods  stores,  offices,  private  houses,  restaurants  and  the  like, 
a  Buffalo  Electric  Ventilating  Wheel  is  without  question  the  most  effective  and  desirable  arrangement 
extant.  Any  position  suited  to  obtain  the  maximum  efficiency  of  a  fan  may  be  employed  without 
affecting  the  arrangement  of  the  motor.  All  these  fans  are  of  standard  high  grade,  carefully  balanced, 
and  the  entire  outfit  designed  for  quiet  running  at  high  speed.  Almost  any  desired  make  of  motor 
may  be  employed  with  Buffalo  Disk  Wheels,  as  their  design  readily  lends  itself  to  such  combination. 
The  high  speed  at  which  it  is  possible  to  run  these  wheels  gives  them  large  capacity  ;  therefore,  a 
small  fan,  occupying  but  little  space,  can  be  used  to  ventilate  apartments  of  considerable  size. 
When  running  at  an  ordinary  speed,  they  are  noiseless  and  of  no  inconvenience. 

In  the  dynamo  rooms  of  electric  light  plants,  the  Buffalo  Electric  Fans  are  naturally  preferred 
to  any  other  means  of  ventilation,  and  render  most  efficient  service.  For  various  ventilating  uses  on 
ships  they  are  also  particularly  suited.  Where  Buffalo  Ventilating  Wheels  are  desired  with  the  motor 
connected  directly  to  the  shaft  of  fan,  full  data  must  be  given  of  the  work  to  be  performed. 

The  table  of  dimensions  on  page  168  applying  to  Buffalo  Pulley  Disk  Wheels,  will  serve  for 
electric  fans,  the  only  difference  being  the  width  over  all.  Distance  "  E  "  is  variable  with  make  of 
motor  employed,  but  will  be  supplied  upon  application. 

Motors  are  ordinarily  wound  for  1 15,  230  and  500-volt  circuits.  An  extra  charge  is  made  for 
small  motors  for  500-volt  circuits'.  Invariably  state  voltage  of  current  in  all  correspondence. 


Size  of  Fan,  Inches 

Speed 

Motor,  H.   P. 

Amperes 

18 

1000 

IX 

1.5 

24 

775 

1^ 

3. 

30 

650 

1 

5. 

36 

600 

2 

10. 

42 

550 

4 

20. 

48 

500 

5 

25. 

54 

450 

7^ 

27.5 

60 

400 

10 

30. 

72 

350 

15 

30. 

Voltage 

115 
115 
115 
115 
115 
115 
115 
115 
115 


Prices 

;  220.00 

300.00 
360.00 
490.00 
650.00 
750.00 
975.00 
1200.00 
1500.00 


'73 


Buffalo   Disk    Wheels, 

Electric  Motor  Belted  to  Fan. 


Wheel  in  Window  Frame,  Motor  Connected  by  Belt. 

IN  THE  introduction  and  erection  of  Buffalo  Disk  Wheels  to  run  with  electric  power,  it  frequently 
occurs  that,  for  various  reasons,  it  is  desirable  to  use  a  motor  independent  from  fan,  but  located 
convenient  to  run  by  a  short  belt  connection.  In  most  cases,  this  is  the  cheapest  method  of 
installation,  and  in  the  large  majority  of  instances,  considering  all  features,  it  is  by  far  the  most  desirable. 
Buffalo  Electric  Ventilating  Fans,  with  motor  connecting  directly  to  the  shaft,  are  so 
constructed  that  two  or  three  rates  of  speed  are  placed  within  command  of  the  operator.  In  the 
above  arrangement,  with  the  independent  motor  belted  to  the  fan,  we  can  furnish  and  attach  a  cone 
pulley  where  so  desired  and  requested  in  the  order,  thereby  giving  a  still  greater  number  of  different 
speeds  by  simply  changing  the  belt  from  one  step  of  the  pulley  to  the  other.  Especially  where  fans 
are  used  for  furnishing  fresh  air  in  winter  and  for  cooling  in  summer,  the  above  feature  of  having  the 
rates  of  speed  under  perfect  control  will  be  found  very  desirable,  as  at  some  seasons  the  highest 
attainable  speed  of  the  fan  would  reduce  the  temperature  too  much.  It  will  readily  be  appreciated 
that,  by  using  an  independent  motor,  the  amount  of  air  delivered  may  be  regulated  to  a  nicety. 
These  motors  are  furnished  usually  upon  an  adjustable  bedplate,  as  illustrated,  the  use  of  which  per- 
mits the  slack  in  belts  being  instantly  taken  up  while  the  fan  is  in  motion,  by  means  of  the  adjusting 
screw.  In  ordering  electric  fans,  give  a  detailed  description  of  the  results  which  it  is  desired  to 
secure,  stating  the  amount  of  cubic  feet  of  air  to  be  moved  per  minute,  and  if  to  be  carried  through 
ducts  or  pipe  connections,  plans  of  same  should  be  forwarded.  The  voltage  of  the  current  under 
which  the  motor  is  to  operate  should  also  be  mentioned. 


174 


Buffalo  Disk  Wheels, 

Capacities  in  Cubic  Feet  of  Air  at  Different  Speeds. 


NUMBER  OF 

REVOLUTIONS  OF 

WHEEL 

PER  MINUTE 

24-inch 

100 

1  10 

120 

130 

140 

150 

160 

170 

180 

190 

200 

210 

220 

230 

240 

250 

1307 

260 

1444 

270 

1502 

280 

1561 

290 

1622 

300 

1684 

310 

1747 

320 

1812 

330 

1878 

340 

1945 

350 

2014 

360 

2083 

370 

2154 

380 

2227 

390 

2300 

400 

2375 

410 

2452 

420 

2529 

430 

2608 

440 

2688 

450 

2770 

460 

2853 

470 

2937 

480 

3022 

490 

3109 

500 

3197 

510 

3286 

520 

3376 

530 

3468 

540 

3561 

550 

3656 

560 

3752 

570 

3849 

580 

3947 

590 

4047 

600 

4148 

610 

4250 

620 

4354 

630 

4459 

640 

4565 

650 

4671 

660 

4779 

670 

4888 

680 

4998 

690 

5109 

700 

5221 

AMOUNT  OF  AIR  HANDLED  IN  CUBIC  FEET  PER  MINUTE.  FREE  DELIVERY 
30-inch     36-inch      42-inch     48~inch     54-inch     60-inch 


2341 
2457 
2575 
2696 
2819 
2945 
3074 
3205 
3338 
3474 
3612 
3753 
3896 
4042 
4190 
4344 
4494 
4650 
4808 
4969 
5132 
5208 
5466 
5636 
5808 
5982 
6158 
6336 
6516 
6698 
6882 
7068 
7256 
7446 
7638 
7832 
8028 
8226 
8426 
8628 
8832 
9038 
9246 
9456 
9668 
9882 
10098 
10316 
10536 


3594 

3779 

3966 

4155 

4347 

4541 

4738 

4937 

5139 

5343 

5550 

5759 

5971 

6185 

6402 

6621 

6843 

7067 

7294 

7523 

7755 

7989 

8221 

8464 

8706 

8950 

9197 

9446 

9699 

9953 

10210 

10470 

10632 

10897 

1  1  162 

1  1430 

11702 

11977 

12254 

12534 

12816 

13101 

13388 

13678 

13970 

14265 

14562 

14862 

15164 

15469 

15776 


5038 

5321 

5607 

5896 

6188 

6482 

6779 

7079 

7382 

7688 

7906 

8307 

8621 

8938 

9258 

9580 

9905 

10233 

10564 

10898 

11234 

11573 

1  1915 

12260 

12608 

12958 

1331  1 

13967 

14026 

14388 

14752 

151  19 

15489 

15862 

16238 

16616 

16997 

17381 

17763 

18158 

18550 

18945 

19345 

19744 

20148 

20554 

20963 

21375 

21790 

22202 

22611 

23017 

23420 


4245 
4676 
5100 
5530 
5965 
6405 
6851 
7302 
7758 
8219 
8686 
9158 
9635 
101  17 
10605 
11098 
11596 
12099 
12609 
13122 
13641 
14165 
14695 
15230 
15770 
16315 
16865 
17421 
17982 
18508 
191  19 
19696 
20278 
20865 
21457 
22055 
22658 
23268 
23884 
24503 
25127 
25755 
26390 
27030 
27675 
28325 
28980 
29640 
30283 
30909 
31518 
32110 
32685 
33243 
33784 
34310 
34836 
35362 
35888 
36414 
36940 


6059 
6665 
7278 
7897 
8522 
9154 
9792 
10437 
11008 
11746 
12410 
13088 
13764 
14447 
15136 
15822 
16534 
17243 
17958 
18680 
19408 
20143 
20884 
21632 
22386 
23147 
23914 
24688 
25463 
26255 
27048 
27748 
28654 
29467 
30286 
31112 
31944 
32783 
33628 
34480 
35338 
36203 
37074 
37952 
38836 
39727 
40624 
41528 
42438 
43355 
44277 
45208 
46144 
47087 
48036 
48992 
49954 
50923 
51898 
52880 
53858 


8387 
9258 
10137 
1  1024 
11919 
12822 
13733 
14652 
15579 
16514 
17457 
18407 
19367 
20334 
21309 
22292 
23283 
24282 
25289 
26304 
27327 
28358 
29397 
30444 
31499 
32565 
33633 
34712 
35799 
36894 
37997 
39108 
40227 
41354 
42489 
43632 
44783 
45942 
47109 
48284 
49467 
50640 
51795 
52632 
54051 
55152 
56235 
57300 
5P347 
59376 
60401 


72-inch 


14936 
16506 
18000 
19688 
21300 
22926 
24566 
26220 
27880 
29570 
31267 
32976 
34700 
36438 
38190 
39956 
41736 
43530 
45338 
47160 
48996 
50846 
52710 
54588 
56480 
58386 
60306 
62240 
64180 
66103 
67985 
69834 
71650 
73433 
75183 
76900 
78584 
80235 
81853 


It  is  always  more  economical,  in  the  matter  of  power,  to  select  a  comparatively  large  fan 
which  will  do  the  work  at  a  moderate  speed,  than  to  attempt  to  accomplish  the  same  results  by 
driving  a  small  fan  at  an  excessive  number  of  revolutions. 


175 


Buffalo   Disk  Wheels, 

General  Application. 


Fig.   3. — Side  Elevation. 


Fig.  4.— End  Elevation. 


CUT  Fig.    1   shows  wheel    placed    inside  of  a  window  frame,  discharging  outside   of  building. 
This  arrangement  is  specially  adapted  for  factories,  engine   rooms  and  other  places  where  it 
is  desired  simply  to  exhaust  foul  air,  dust,  steam,  vapor,  etc.,  from  the  room,  and  to  insure  a 
regular  circulation  and  supply  of  fresh  air  in  such  apartments. 

Fig.  2  is  a  sectional  view  of  an  application  with  Buffalo  Disk  Wheel  in  window  or  wall,  dis- 
charging outward  with  pipe  connections,  as  it  is  often  desired  to  convey  the  exhaust  from  inner  rooms 
or  section  of  building  through  a  pipe  to  outside  ;  all  sharp  bends  or  turns  are  to  be  avoided. 


176 


Buffalo  Disk  Wheels, 

Applied  to  Steam  Laundries. 


Fig-   5. 


Fig.  6. 


Fig.  7. 

IN  THE  above  engravings  we  have  a  Buffalo  Disk  Fan  applied  for  exhausting  steam,  hot  air  and 
all  offensive  odors  common  to  laundry  rooms,  containing  the  washing,  dampening,  wringing  and 
other  machinery.     By  removing  bad  odors  and  supplying  an  ample  amount  of  fresh  air  at  all 
times,  which  may  be  done  by  the  use  of  one  of  the  fans  at  small  initial  outlay  and  little  expense  of 
power,  employees  will  be  found  to  execute  a  greater  amount  and  better  class  of  work  than  if  left  to 
inhale  the  many  impurities  incident  to  laundry  work.     The  efficiency  of  a  fan  in  laundries  is  perhaps 
more  noticeable  than  in  many  other  uses.     It  should  be  large  enough  to  quickly  carry  out  the  steam. 
That  the  Buffalo  Disk  Wheel  is  unquestionably  more  effective  for  the  purpose  than  any  other  is  shown 
by  its  being  used  in  a  large  proportion  of  all  the  leading  establishments. 

Figs.  5  and  6  show  a  Buffalo  Exhaust  Wheel  drawing  a  current  of  hot  air  from  the  coils  of 
pipe  located  at  opposite  end  of  dryer.  With  hot  dry  air  coming  in  direct  contact  with  the  clothes  in 
dryer,  the  work  is  done  evenly,  thoroughly  and  in  considerably  less  time  than  can  be  done  by 
any  other  method.  Drawings  of  large  plants  supplied  on  application. 


Buffalo   Disk  Wheels, 

Applied  for  Drying  Soap  and  Glue. 


THE  above  cut.  Fig.  8,  clearly  shows  a  sectional  view  of  a  Buffalo  Disk  Fan  and  heater  coils  at 
one  end,  applied  to  a  soap  drying  room.  The  arrangement  is  such  that  the  air  is  forced  evenly 
over  the  surface  of  the  soap,  gradually  reaching  every  part  of  the  dryer,  then  discharging 
upward  through  the  pipe.  In  warm  weather  these  coils  of  pipe  may  be  filled  with  brine,  which  has 
the  effect  of  condensing  the  large  amount  of  moisture  in  the  air,  thus  greatly  increasing  its  drying 
capacity  before  passing  over  the  soap.  When  the  air  is  naturally  in  its  best  condition  for  drying,  the 
steam  may  be  turned  off  altogether  and  the  brine  dispensed  with  also,  if  desired. 

Another  effective  arrangement  for  this  work  is  to  place  a  Buffalo  Disk  Wheel  at  opposite 
end  of  the  room,  exhausting  air  from  the  coils  instead  of  blowing  through.  The  advantage  of  the 
Buffalo  Disk  Wheel  for  this  purpose  not  only  lies  in  its  doing  the  work  quicker,  but  it  saves  much  time 
and  space,  while  in  a  properly  constructed  outfit  the  drying  is  done  very  evenly.  We  are  always 
pleased  to  furnish,  free  of  expense,  plans  of  dryers  to  those  entrusting  their  order  for  wheels  to  us. 

Both  of  these  arrangements  are  well  adapted  for  drying  glue,  though  for  factories  having  large 
drying  rooms  the  Buffalo  Fan  System  Apparatus,  described  on  previous  pages,  is  much  better  adapted, 
giving  positive  results  which  are  not  to  be  obtained  with  a  disk  wheel  except  in  small  dryers. 

Glue  dries  most  rapidly  at  a  temperature  of  70  degrees,  which  may  be  maintained  at  all 
seasons,  as  above  shown.  Some  attention  to  the  thermometer,  of  course,  will  be  in  order. 

The  cost  of  reducing  the  temperature  of  the  air  to  70  degrees  in  summer  by  using  brine  in 
pipes  is  even  less  than  that  of  raising  the  temperature  to  70  degrees  in  winter,  using  steam  in  the 
heater.  The  work,  therefore,  may  be  carried  on  with  profit  the  entire  year. 

In  all  applications  of  a  Buffalo  Disk  Wheel  with  piping,  locate  as  near  to  the  work  to  be  done 
as  possible,  and  have  main  pipe  to  and  from  the  wheel  always  its  full  diameter.  With  pipe  of  proper 
dimensions,  a  certain  wheel  will  handle  as  much,  and  ofttimes  more  air  than  a  larger  size  could  with 
insufficient  diameter  of  pipe.  Bends  or  turns  in  piping  or  flues  should  invariably  be  made  with 
very  easy  curves,  otherwise  efficient  results  will  not  be  obtained. 


178 


Buffalo   Disk  Wheels, 

Application  for  Removing  Steam  and  Heat  in  Paper  Mills. 


Fig.  9. 


HOW  to  apply  a  Buffalo  Disk  Wheel  to  ^remove  all  steam  arising  from  paper  machines  is  clearly 
shown  in  Figure  9,  as  above.  The  hood  proper  may  consist  of  sheet  steel  or  of  galvanized 

iron.  It  is  desirable,  however,  especially  if  the  hood  be  of  some  length  and  rather  narrow, 
to  have  the  overhanging  part  of  thick,  heavy,  oiled  canvas,  this  being  more  easily  attached  than  long 
strips  of  galvanized  iron.  The  corners  may  be  laced  together  or  not  joined,  as  preferred  ;  either 
arrangement  will  admit  of  the  canvas  being  raised  up  out  of  the  way  when  working  over  the 
machinery  creating  steam. 

To  secure  the  maximum  efficiency  of  a  wheel  used  in  connection  with  a  large  hood,  it  is 
always  necessary  to  bring  it  down  close  to  the  work  to  be  performed. 

The  condensation  of  steam  in  winter  in  paper  mills  produces  much  annoyance  and  consider- 
able actual  loss,  in  many  instances,  from  its  dripping  upon  stock.  Where  these  mills  are  heated 
with  the  Buffalo  Fan  System,  this  feature  will  be  scarcely  noticeable,  under  the  general  conditions 
met.  These  outfits  are  also  used  for  drying  stock  with  highly  efficient  results. 

The  size  of  a  wheel  for  a  textile  mill  or  the  machine  room  of  a  paper  mill,  primarily  depends 
upon  the  size  of  same,  and  how  often  it  will  be  necessary  to  make  a  change  of  air  to  prevent  dripping 
of  the  condensed  steam.  In  some  instances,  only  a  slight  current  of  air  will  accomplish  the  desired 
results,  while  in  others,  a  large  volume  and  a  strong  velocity  are  needed. 


179 


Buffalo   Blowers  and  Exhausters, 

Measurements  of  Blast  Wheels. 


2. 


O  ELDOM  is  sufficient  data  or  explanation  given  in  ordering  new  blast  wheels  to  enable  execution 
O  without  further  correspondence,  unless  the  old  wheel  is  returned.  If  careful  attention  be  given 
to  the  following  instructions,  much  delay  and  annoyance  will  be  obviated.  State  the  cata- 
logued style  of  fan,  whether  a  Steel  Pressure,  or  "  B  "  Blower  or  Exhauster,  Steel  Plate  Planing  Mill 
Exhauster,  Cotton  Elevator,  or  a  Steel  Plate  Pulley  or  Steam  Fan,  and  whether  the  machine  is  a 
blower  or  an  exhauster.  Refer  to  the  shop  number,  which  is  always  stamped  upon  the  shaft  or  end 
of  the  journal  encasing  it.  Furnish  a  list  of  the  principal  dimensions  of  the  wheel,  which  are  indicated 
by  the  letters  in  the  above  outline  cuts.  Purchasers  may  either  clip  this  diagram  from  the  catalogue 
or  refer  to  the  page  number,  and  state  that  the  dimensions  of  "  A,"  "  B,"and  "C,"  etc.,  are  a  certain 
number  of  inches ;  these  must  be  exact.  When  requested,  an  outline  blue  print  will  be  sent,  upon 
which  these  dimensions  may  be  noted  ;  this  should  be  returned  with  the  order.  Invariably  mention 
what  the  fan  is  used  for,  that  special  or  regular  types  of  wheels  may  be  sent  as  required. 

The  reader  will  readily  understand  that  with  these  machines  being  improved  in  design  from 
time  to  time,  necessarily  the  dimensions  have  been  varied  as  such  changes  are  made. 


1 80 


Buffalo   Blowers  and  Exhausters, 


Suggestions  to  Purchasers. 


RIGHT   HAND 


c 


Fig.     I.  Fig.    2. 

USTOMERS  will    avoid    delays,  trouble    and    expense,  by  carefully   observing  the    following 

points  in  ordering  or  making  inquiries  : 

HAND  AND  DISCHARGE  OF  FANS. — The  above  cuts  illustrate  the  difference  between  a 
right  and  left  hand  fan  in  all  types.  Fig.  1  shows  a  bottom  horizontal  discharge  left  hand  exhaust 
fan ;  Fig.  2,  a  right  hand  bottom  horizontal  discharge  exhauster.  All  fans  are  built  either  right  or 
left  hand.  Right  hand  bottom  horizontal  discharge  is  always  sent  unless  otherwise  specified.  Top 
horizontal,  down,  up  or  special  angular  discharge  fans  must  be  definitely  so  ordered. 

STEEL  PLATE  EXHAUST  FANS. — Invariably  state  for  what  service  they  are  to  be  used.  If 
for  handling  shavings  or  dust  from  wood-working  machines,  furnish  a  detailed  list  with  description  of 
each,  preferred  location  of  exhauster,  distance  material  is  to  be  carried,  etc.;  embody  all  the  data  in 
a  diagram  to  scale,  also  showing  position  of  line  shaft  and  direction  it  runs.  If  used  for  handling  dust 
from  emery  grinders,  see  remarks  below  under  "  B "  exhausters.  For  exhausting  smoke  from 
forge  fires,  state  the  number  of  forges,  whether  of  brick  or  iron  construction,  the  desired  location  of 
exhauster,  outlet  for  smoke,  fumes,  etc.;  a  sketch  covering  these  points  will  be  of  great  help. 

STEEL  PRESSURE  BLOWERS. — Give  a  clear  description  of  the  work  they  are  to  perform. 
For  blowing  cupola  furnaces,  state  diameter  of  the  inside  of  the  cupola  lining,  number  and  size  of 
tuyeres,  quantity  of  iron  to  be  melted  in  a  given  time,  fuel  used,  distance  blower  sets  from  cupola, 
maker,  catalogue  size  and  number  of  cupola.  If  for  blowing  forge  fires,  state  the  number  and 
their  size,  whether  small,  ordinary  or  large,  and  most  convenient  location  for  blower. 

"B"  VOLUME  BLOWERS  AND  EXHAUSTERS. — For  furnace  fires,  give  the  square  feet  of 
grate  surface  and  kind  of  fuel  consumed.  For  emery  or  other  polishing  spindles,  state  diameter, 
number  and  use,  and  send  a  sketch  to  scale,  showing  position  in  the  room  and  intended  location  of 
exhauster ;  if  for  ventilation,  give  size  of  room,  length,  width  and  height.  Label  all  sketches. 


181 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Planing  Mill   Exhauster, 


With  Overhung  Wheel. 


Fan^Right  Hand  Bottom  Horizontal  Discharge.     Design  Admits  Change  of  Outlet 
Position  (see  Description  Page  185). 


182 


Buffalo   Steel  Plate  Planing  Mill  Exhausters, 


With  Overhung  Wheels. 


CUSTOMERS  ordering  Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Planing  Mill  Exhausters  are  requested  to  care- 
fully observe  "  Suggestions  to  Purchasers  "  on  page  181  and  also  the  remarks  on  page  180, 

when  requiring  new  blast  wheels.  Much  annoyance  and  delay  will  be  saved  by  complying 
with  the  above.  We  always  send  right  hand  bottom  horizontal  discharge  exhausters  in  the  absence 
of  other  advices.  These  are  constantly  carried  in  stock. 

Purchasers  should  not  be  led  to  believe  that  fans  with  larger  inlets  or  outlets  than  Buffalo 
Exhausters,  (which  are  properly  proportioned  in  every  respect)  are  of  greater  efficiency.  Enlarged 
inlet  and  outlet  rings  bolted  to  the  shell  of  an  exhaust  fan  do  not  indicate  its  capacity,  as  some  manufac- 
turers claim.  The  proportion  of  some  fans  in  this  regard  is  such  as  to  render  their  efficiency  very 
low.  The  height  of  shell  and  diameter  of  blast  wheel  are  the  important  dimensions,  and  upon  which 
the  capacity  of  an  exhauster  depends.  Particular  attention  is  called  to  the  journal  bearings 
employed  for  Buffalo  Fans  (see  page  188).  Seeking  only  for  the  best,  we  have  adopted  and  patented 
this  oil  ring  bearing  after  years  of  experience,  and  offer  it  as  unequaled  by  any  fan  journal  on  the 
market.  For  table  of  dimensions,  see  page  190. 

GUARANTEE — Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Exhausters  are  guaranteed  to  be  built  of  the  best 
material  in  a  thoroughly  workmanlike  manner,  to  run  with  less  power,  to  be  more  durable,  to  be  so 
proportioned  as  to  give  the  greatest  suction  and  expulsive  power  obtainable,  and  to  be  sold  at  lower 
prices  for  the  same  size  and  capacity  than  those  of  any  other  manufacture.  All  machines  having 
their  component  dimensions  or  proportions  at  variance  with  Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Planing  Mill  Exhaust- 
ers are  either  inordinate  consumers  of  power  or  are  of  comparatively  inferior  capacity.  These  are 
by  far  the  heaviest,  most  substantial  and  efficient  exhausters  obtainable. 

SINGLE  FANS— PRICE  LIST,  SIZES  AND  DIMENSIONS. 


Size 

30-inch 

35  " 

40  •' 

45  " 

50  " 

55  " 

60  " 

70  '• 

80  " 


Outside   Diameter  Outside  Size 

of  Inlet  of  Outlet 


19 
20 
22/2 
24% 


9y2  x     9/2 

UX   x  11X 

13X  x  13>£ 

15       x  15 

18       x  18 


22       x  22 
26       x  26 


SINGLE  FA 

N  PULLEYS 

Price  of 

Diameter 

Face 

Single  Fans 

6 

4^ 

$  55.00 

7 

5/2 

70.00 

8 

6 

90.00 

9 

6K 

115.00 

10 

7 

150.00 

11 

8 

185.00 

H# 

9 

200.00 

12 

10 

250.00 

14 

10^ 

300.00 

183 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Planing   Mill  Exhauster, 


Double  Type  with  Overhung  Wheels. 


Bottom  Horizontal  Discharge.     Design  Admits  Change  of  Outlet  Position 
(see  Description  Page  185). 


184 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Planing  Mill  Exhausters, 

With  Overhung  Wheels. 


THE  cut  on  page  182  illustrates  the  latest  developments  in  Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Planing  Mill  Ex- 
hausters. A  prime  feature  of  the  design  of  these  exhausters,  upon  which  letters  patent  have 
been  obtained,  is  the  ability  to  change  the  discharge  of  the  machine  by  merely  loosening  the 
bolts  securing  the  case  to  the  standard.  The  shell  may  be  then  turned  to  the  desired  discharge.  A 
right  hand  bottom  horizontal  discharge,  as  shown  by  the  engraving,  changed  to  a  top  horizontal,  then 
becomes  a  left  hand  machine.  The  Buffalo  Oil  Ring  Bearings  (see  page  188)  are  now  employed 
both  on  the  single  and  double  machines.  For  sustained  high  speeds  this  bearing  is  unequalled. 

Although  adapted  for  other  uses,  this  type  of  fan  is  primarily  built  for  removing  chips,  shavings 
and  other  refuse  from  wood-working  machinery.  No  other  style  of  fan  construction  shows  as  many 
radical,  yet  recent,  improvements.  Formerly,  the  shells  were  largely,  and  in  many  cases  wholly,  built 
of  cast  iron,  with  the  hangers  supporting  the  wheel,  shaft  and  pulley  secured  to  the  cast  iron  side  of 
the  exhauster.  Buffalo  Planing  Mill  Exhausters  are  now,  with  the  exception  of  the  bottom  plate, 
mouth-piece  and  standard  for  the  journal  boxes,  built  of  steel.  Steel  plate  is  used  for  the  shells, 
with  heavy  base  angle  irons.  The  shock  and  vibration  of  the  shell,  caused  by  blocks  passing 
through  the  fan,  therefore,  are  not  transmitted  to  the  journals.  As  shown  by  the  engravings,  the  wheel, 
shaft  and  pulleys  are  supported  by  a  standard  with  broad  base  ;  this  rests  on  the  floor,  or  frame,  if  the 
fan  is  hung  or  suspended  from  ceiling,  and  removes  all  strain  from  the  side  of  the  shell.  A  substan- 
tial support  for  the  running  parts  of  the  exhauster  is  thus  provided.  Built  as  above,  we  not  only  secure 
the  highest  efficiency  and  convenience,  but  the  life  of  these  exhausters  will  average,  on  the  whole,  a 
very  great  increase  over  that  of  the  cast  iron  form  of  shell  construction. 

In  single  and  double  exhausters,  the  blast  wheels  are  identical  and  of  the  latest  improved  de- 
sign. The  spider  is  of  cast  iron,  with  the  hub  accurately  bored,  the  wheels  being  keyed  and  set- 
screwed  securely  to  the  shaft.  The  blades  of  the  wheel  are  of  extra  heavy  steel,  and  are  substantially 
built  for  the  hardest  service.  A  special  form  of  wheel  construction  is  furnished  for  Buffalo  Shaving 
Exhausters,  which  are  to  handle  long,  stringy  shavings.  In  the  manufacture  of  barrels  and  other 
wood-working  industries,  where  green  shavings  are  produced,  and  long,  the  Buffalo  Exhausters  with 
special  wheels  have  been  found  entirely  reliable ;  there  is  no  chance  whatever  for  the  shavings  to  be 
caught  and  entangled.  In  ordering  fans  to  handle  long,  stringy  shavings  always  refer  to  this  point, 
otherwise  the  regular  wheel  will  be  sent,  which  is  not  suited  for  such  work.  The  wheels  of  all  Buffalo 
Exhausters  are  accurately  balanced,  run  steadily  at  high  speeds,  and  produce  blast  or  suction  with 
minimum  loss  by  friction.  Refer  to  page  180  when  ordering  new  wheels. 

The  majority  of  exhaust  fans  are  inordinate  consumers  of  power.  Careful  tests  have  shown 
that  with  equal  conditions,  the  same  amount  of  power  applied  to  Buffalo  Exhausters  has  yielded 
greater  suction  and  expulsive  force  than  that  obtained  from  any  othej  fan.  The  absorption  of  power 
applied  to  Buffalo  Shaving  Exhausters  by  friction  will  not  exceed  10  per  cent,  to  20  per  cent,  under 
proper  applications  ;  these  results  defy  comparison. 

Having  reduced  the  cost  of  manufacture  to  the  finest  point,  we  offer  these  exhausters  at  the 
lowest  figure  for  which  a  fan  of  equal  capacity  and  durability  can  be  built. 

185 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Planing  Mill  Exhauster, 


Double  Type,  with  Overhung  Wheels. 


Top  Horizontal  Discharge.     Design  Admits  Change  of  Outlet  Position  (see  Description). 


186 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Planing  Mill  Exhausters, 


Double  Type,  with  Overhung  Wheels. 


THE  construction  of  the  Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Double  Exhausters  is  of  the  same  superior  order  as 
is  characteristic  of  the  single  fans.  It  is  claimed  by  some  manufacturers  that  the  smaller 
diameters  of  exhausters  are  more  effective  than  the  larger  ones,  in  proportion  to  their  size. 
Exhausters  running  at  the  same  velocity  of  wheel  periphery  in  feet  per  minute,  do  not  have  greater 
expulsive  power,  neither  will  they  blow  stronger  in  small  diameters  than  in  large  ones,  operating  under 
properly  proportioned  pipe  connections.  The  advantage  in  using  double  exhausters,  therefore,  chiefly 
lies  in  the  matter  of  convenience  in  application.  In  determining  whether  a  single  or  double  fan  should 
be  employed  for  a  wood-working  outfit,  the  proposed  position  of  fan,  and  point  at  which  discharge  is 
to  be  made,  will  enter  for  consideration.  With  using  a  double  exhauster,  smaller  pipes  can  often  be 
used  with  less  elbows  or  bends,  and  by  locating  fan  centrally  the  material  to  be  moved  has  less 
distance  to  travel  before  reaching  the  fan.  Less  perpendicular  space  overhead  is  required  than  for  a 
single  exhauster  of  the  same  capacity,  and  only  a  single  belt  and  single  counter  are  required ;  all 
conditions  being  equal,  however,  there  is  no  saving  of  power. 

On  both  single  and  double  fans  the  self-oiling  journal  boxes  (see  page  188),  especially  adapted 
for  the  arduous  duty  of  shavings  exhausters,  are  used  exclusively.  The  finest  babbitted  bearings  of 
extra  length,  steel  journals,  large  self-oiling  devices,  and  perfect  alignment — the  necessary  character- 
istics for  successful  running  at  high  speed — are  employed,  and  a  "  hot-box,"  therefore,  is  unknown. 
The  journals  are  all  hardened  after  being  turned,  and  then  ground  accurately  to  standard  gauge. 

Purchasers  should  not  be  led  to  believe  that  fans  with  larger  inlets  or  outlets  are  of  greater 
efficiency.  Enlarged  inlet  and  outlet  rings  bolted  to  the  shell  of  an  exhauster  do  not  indicate  its  capacity, 
as  some  manufacturers  claim.  The  proportion  of  some  fans  in  this  regard  is  such  as  to  render  their 
efficiency  very  low.  See  guarantee  on  page  183. 

Double  exhausters  are  built  either  bottom  or  top  horizontal,  or  up  discharge  ;  seldom  larger 
sizes  than  given  in  table  are  required,  though  they  can  be  built  to  order  of  any  dimensions,  if  desired. 

DOUBLE  FANS— PRICE  LIST,  SIZES   AND   DIMENSIONS. 


Size 

Outside  Diameter 
of  Inlets 

Outside  Size  of 
Outlets 

DOUBLE  FAN  PULLEYS 

Price  of 
Double    Fans 

Diameter 

Face 

30-inch 

HfV 

9%  x     9^ 

8 

7 

$  90.00 

35     " 

13rV 

11X  x  11^ 

9 

8 

100.00 

40     " 

14% 

t3K  x   13# 

10 

9 

130.00 

45     " 

17% 

15       x   15 

11 

9^ 

170.00 

50     " 

19 

16^  x   16X 

12 

10 

210.00 

55     " 
60     " 

20^: 

22^ 

18       x  18 
19#  x  19tf 

13 
14 

11 
12 

275.00 
325.00 

187 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Planing  Mill  Exhausters, 


With  Overhung;  Wheels. 


> 


Outside  View  of  Oil  Ring  Bearing. 


Sectional  View  of  Oil  Ring  Bearing. 
1 88 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Planing  Mill  Exhausters, 


ife» 

With  Overhung  Wheels. 


VARIOUS  USES.  This  type  of  fan  is  not  only  adapted  for  handling  refuse  from  wood-working 
machinery,  but  is  especially  suited  for  a  large  number  of  other  purposes.  They  are  widely  employed 
for  removing  smoke  and  gases  created  by  forges  and  furnaces  in  blacksmith  shops,  dust  from  emery 
grinders,  buffing  wheels  and  the  like.  For  the  latter  use  they  are  built  extra  heavy.  The  Buffalo 
"  B  "  Volume  Exhausters  are  also  employed  for  this  service. 

In  wood-pulp  mills,  handling  of  bark  in  the  process  of  manufacture  of  pulp  is  now  a  common 
application,  but  the  work  necessitates  a  fan  of  unusual  strength.  In  tanneries,  for  handling  spent  bark, 
these  exhausters  are  now  most  successfully  applied.  In  both  the  above  instances,  we  build  the 
exhausters  with  the  casings  and  wheels  of  double  thickness. 

For  handling  the  long,  stringy  shavings  produced  in  the  manufacture  of  barrels,  staves, 
shingles  and  green  hardwood  lumber,  the  Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Exhausters  are  built  of  extra  heavy 
material,  with  special  wheel  after  the  general  form  of  the  regular  cotton  fan,  which  obviates  the 
opportunity  for  shavings  to  be  caught  and  entangled  when  passing  through  the  exhauster. 

It  is  frequently  desired  to  apply  an  exhauster  for  handling  acid  fumes,  which  readily  attack  and 
destroy  steel  and  cast  iron.  To  overcome  these  features,  we  build  a  special  line  of  exhausters  with 
copper  or  brass  wheels,  and  line  the  fans  with  lead,  copper,  asphaltum,  or  other  material  not  chemically 
affected  by  the  gases  to  be  handled.  In  the  larger  sizes,  wood  housing  exhausters  with  the  same 
special  wheels  are  frequently  employed.  In  chemical  works  and  certain  mining  operations,  it  is 
occasionally  desired  to  handle  gases  at  a  high  temperature,  frequently  exceeding  500°  Fahr.  This 
may  be  successfully  accomplished  by  the  use  of  Buffalo  Special  Exhausters,  made  solely  for  this 
purpose.  They  are  usually  designed  with  water-cooling  boxes,  so  that  the  bearings  and  shaft  are  kept 
cool,  permitting  continuous  running,  while  the  fan  itself  partakes  of  the  temperature  of  the  gases 
handled.  In  all  exhausters  of  this  type  the  wheels  are  overhung,  with  no  bearing  on  the  inlet  side. 

Right  hand  bottom  horizontal  discharge  exhausters  are  always  sent  in  the  absence  of  other 
advices.  These  are  constantly  carried  in  large  stock.  Left  hand  machines  are  also  usually  carried 
for  prompt  shipments. 

BUFFALO  OIL  RING  BEARINGS  were  first  introduced  by  us  for  the  celebrated  Buffalo  Steel 
Pressure  Blowers.  The  service  here  demanded  the  most  perfect  bearing  for  rapidly  rotating  parts. 
As  the  journal  proved  so  infinitely  superior  to  all  others,  it  has  been  adopted,  though  with  some  varia- 
tions, for  all  the  different  types  of  blowers  and  exhausters  built  by  this  house.  The  engravings  on 
opposite  page  clearly  illustrate  the  design  used  on  the  shaving  exhausters.  A  more  positive  or 
perfect  bearing  does  not  exist.  It  is  entirely  automatic  in  action,  the  oil  being  constantly  carried 
around  the  shaft  by  a  ring ;  it  is  thus  impossible  for  the  bearings  to  be  without  lubrication  while  there 
is  oil  in  the  chamber.  The  dimensions  of  the  latter  are  ample,  and  the  oil  is  not  wasted.  The  ring 
operates  perfectly  quiet  until  the  oil  becomes  low ;  when  any  noise  is  heard,  it  may  be  taken  as  a 
signal  for  re-filling.  The  bearings,  however,  will  run  for  quite  a  time  after  the  signal  is  noticed.  A 
renewed  supply  of  oil  is  not  required  oftener  than  once  a  week,  even  in  continuous  high  speeds. 

189 


Buffalo   Steel    Plate    Planing    Mill    Exhausters, 


With  Overhung  Wheels. 

-x —  C- 


DIMENSIONS  OF  STEEL  PLATE  PLANING    MILL  EXHAUSTERS— IN  INCHES. 


Size  of         A          R 
Exhauster     ' 

C 

D 

H 

F        G 

H 

J 

K 

L 

M 

N 

Face  of  Diam  of  Diam  of 
Pulley    Pulley     Shaft 

Weight 
in  Lbs. 

30  in.       6%    14% 

8% 

9% 

13 

ii&;i5% 

32X 

9/2 

26 

10^ 

10/5 

"# 

6 

6 

1% 

296 

35  in.       7%    16# 

9% 

iiX 

15% 

13rVl8% 

36X 

"V   30>( 

12X 

12r\ 

14% 

6M 

7 

1% 

414 

40  in.       8%    18T35 

10& 

13% 

18 

14%   22 

41X 

13^   36 

14       14% 

15% 

7>/2          8         2 

559 

45  in.       9/2   20ft 

11 

15 

20% 

17%   24-4 

45/g 

15       40X 

\5/2    16X 

16% 

8%          9         2% 

763 

50  in.     10%   21% 

i\X 

16% 

22% 

19       27X 

48^ 

16X   45 

18X    17^    17% 

o 

10 

2X 

1003 

55  in.     11%  23% 

\2# 

18 

24% 

20%  29 

53^ 

18       49^ 

19^" 

20% 

19% 

9^        1  1          2% 

1270 

60  in.     12%   24% 

13X  >^ 

26X 

22^   31 

57^ 

19^   52X 

22^   22^   20^ 

10%        12         2% 

1526 

70  in.     13#  26% 

14%   22 

28% 

24^   36 

60^ 

22 

57 

23^  24 

21^ 

11%        12 

2% 

1740 

80  in.     15%   28 

16tf  26 

35% 

30^    44/i 

64 

26       71 

25X 

29% 

23 

12            12 

2% 

2010 

NOTE. — The  height  "  G  "  to  center  is  the  same  on  bottom  horizontal,  top  horizontal  and  up 
discharge  exhausters  of  the  same  size.  The  total  height  of  all  top  horizontal  discharge  exhausters 
is  nearly  double  the  dimension  "  G."  Buffalo  Double  Exhausters  are  made  from  two  single 
machines.  All  dimensions  are  the  same  for  corresponding  sizes,  excepting  width  over  all,  which  is  : 
Size  double  30-inch,  47  inches;  size  35-inch,  53^  inches;  size  40-inch,  63^  inches;  size 
45-inch,  69^  inches;  size  50-inch,  76  inches;  size  55-inch,  81^  inches;  size  60-inch, 
inches  ;  size  70-inch,  96^  inches  ;  size  80-inch,  107  inches. 


190 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Planing  Mill  Exhausters, 

With  Overhung  Wheels. 


SUGGESTIONS  TO  USERS.  In  ordering,  always  mention  whether  right  or  left  hand  fan  is 
desired,  and  what  style  of  discharge — bottom  horizontal,  top  horizontal,  up  or  down  blast.  A  right 
hand  machine  has  pulley  on  the  right  hand  side  as  you  stand  facing  the  outlet ;  a  left  hand  has  pulley 
on  the  left  hand  side,  standing  in  the  same  position.  The  object  of  the  various  forms  is  to  do  away 
with  extra  bends  in  delivery  pipe,  to  reduce  the  amount  of  floor  space  required,  and  to  secure  the 
maximum  efficiency  of  a  fan  of  a  given  size.  Often  a  crossed  belt  will  be  required  to  run  a  bottom 
horizontal  discharge  exhauster,  owing  to  the  position  in  which  it  is  placed,  when  the  substitution  of  a 
top  horizontal  discharge  will  still  deliver  air  in  the  same  direction  using  an  open  belt. 

Always  state  the  number  of  wood-working  machines  from  which  the  exhauster  is  to  handle  the 
refuse  ;  give  a  clear  description  of  each,  with  the  name  of  maker.  The  best  way  is  to  furnish  a 
drawing  to  scale  or  sketch  with  all  distances  given,  indicating  position  of  line  shaft,  direction  it  turns, 
proposed  position  of  exhauster,  and  location  of  shaving  house.  Reference  should  be  made  as  to  the 
character  of  work  to  be  performed,  and  whether  lumber  is  hard  or  soft,  wet  or  dry. 

The  size  of  a  shaving  exhauster  required  for  every  outfit  must  be  determined  by  the  size  of 
the  main  suction  pipe;  the  size  of  this  in  its  turn  depends  upon  the  sizes  and  total  number  of  the 
branch  pipes  leading  to  the  machines.  Branch  pipes  must  necessarily  vary  in  diameters  from  3  in. 
to  8  in.,  according  to  the  machines  to  which  they  are  connected,  and  their  distances  from  the  main 
pipe.  For  a  distance  from  the  main  suction  pipe  exceeding  25  feet,  the  majority  of  branch  pipes 
should  be  increased  in  diameter  20  per  cent,  for  each  additional  20  feet.  After  computing  the 
separate  areas  of  branches,  it  will  be  found,  in  most  cases,  that  the  area  for  the  main  suction  pipe 
after  all  branches  have  entered  should  be  15  to  20  per  cent,  in  excess  of  the  aggregate  areas  of  these. 
It  is  always  better  to  figure  the  exhauster  large,  in  proportion  to  the  work  to  be  done,  so  that  the  fan 
will  handle  it  easily,  and  thus  have  a  reserve  capacity,  if  it  is  desired  to  add  additional  machines  to 
the  wood-working  outfit  at  any  later  period. 

BUFFALO  SHAVINGS  AND  DUST  SEPARATOR.  An  efficient  machine  for  collecting  dust, 
shavings,  etc.,  at  the  same  time  providing  a  free  escape  for  air  necessarily  delivered  by  a  shavings 
exhaust  fan  in  handling  refuse  material,  is  an  indispensable  mechanism  in  planing  mills  and  other 
industries  in  which  exhaust  fans  are  employed  to  convey  fibrous  material  of  any  kind. 

Primitive  arrangements  to  perform  the  duty  of  a  modern  dust  separator  have  consisted  of  a 
series  of  screens  ;  these  were  commonly  employed  in  the  absence  of  anything  better.  Constant 
attention  was  required  to  prevent  clogging  up,  and  the  back  pressure  upon  fan  has  often  been  found 
to  be  so  great  as  to  render  it  practically  inoperative. 

The  Improved  Buffalo  Separators  are  constructed  of  heavy  sheet  steel  throughout,  are  positive 
in  action  at  all  times,  and  are  so  connected  with  the  discharge  pipe  from  fan,  that  a  minimum 
amount  of  back  pressure  is  secured.  After  entering  the  dust  separator,  the  refuse  material  from  the 
wood-working  machines  drops  by  gravity  out  at  the  bottom,  and  can  be  led  to  the  shaving  bin,  or 
conveyed  directly  into  the  boilers,  the  air  passing  out  through  opening  left  for  the  purpose. 

191 


Buffalo   Steel   Plate   Planing   Mill    Exhausters, 


Improved    Countershafts. 


PRICE  LIST,  AND  TABLE  OF  DIMENSIONS  IN  INCHES. 


Size  of  Fan 

S 

L 

A 

B 

C 

D              E 

F 

G 

K 

Price 

30  in. 

IK 

31 

9 

5 

26 

4)4          14 

25X 

w 

2 

$24.00 

35  in. 

i* 

34^ 

10 

5/2 

30 

5/2          16 

28 

6 

2X 

30.00 

40    in. 

2 

37^ 

12 

6 

32 

6             17 

31 

6^ 

2^ 

40.00 

45  in. 

2X 

40X 

14 

6 

36 

6/2          l9/2 

33 

7 

2^ 

50.00 

50  in. 

^ 

46^ 

16 

8 

40 

7/2        21* 

39 

7^ 

3 

65.00 

55  in. 

2% 

51 

18 

8 

42             8#         22X 

40 

9 

3 

80.00 

60  in. 

3 

56 

20 

9 

44            10             24 

45 

9 

3* 

85.00 

70  in. 

3 

61 

22 

10 

48 

12             26 

50 

9 

3X 

90.00 

192 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate   Planing  Mill  Exhausters, 

Table  of  Air  Capacities,  in  Cubic  Feet  per  Minute. 


THE  Buffalo  Planing  Mill  Exhausters  are  employed  for  a  wide  variety  of  uses  aside  from  handling 
shavings  and  other  refuse  from  wood-working  machinery.    The  following  table,  which  indicates 
the  capacities  and  speeds  for  air  velocities  for  2-oz.  pressure  and  below,  will  be  found  very  use- 
ful in  selecting  sizes  of  fans.     The  table  on  page  195  gives  the  speeds  for  pressures  above  2  ozs. 
Engineers  and  others  desiring  the  air  deliveries  for  this  table  will  be  supplied  with  a  blue  print  upon 
application.       Invariably  state  the  service  the  exhausters  are  to  be  used  for. 


VELOCITIES    AND    PRESSURES    AT    FAN    OUTLET 
Velocities  in  Feet  per  Minute  ;    Pressures  in  Ounces 


SIZE 


3657  FEET  PER  MINUTE,       4482  FEET  PER  MINUTE,       5175  FEET  PER  MINUTE,  7338  FEET  PER  MINUTE, 

54-OUNCE  K-OUNCE  I-OUNCE  2-OUNCE 


RM7nuPeer          Capacity 


30  in. 
35  in. 
40  in. 
45  in. 
50  in. 
55  in. 
60  in. 
70  in. 


2294 
3219 
4662 
5772 
6771 
8325 
9990 
11877 


1039 

835 
737 
686 
620 
553 
505 
464 


2790 

3915 

5670 

7020 

8235 

10125 

12150 

14445 


1264 
1015 
896 
834 
755 
672 
614 
584 


Capacity 

3224 
4524 
6552 

8112 

9516 

11700 

14040 

16692 


Capacity 


1460 

1173 

1035 

964 

872 

777 

710 

653 


4588 

6438 

9324 

11544 

13542 

16650 

19980 

23754 


2078 
1670 
1474 
1372 
1241 
1106 
1010 
930 


BUFFALO  COUNTERSHAFTS  FOR  SHAVINGS  EXHAUST  FANS  are  far  superior  to  ordinary 
ones.  They  are  specially  designed,  and  naturally  the  shafts  and  pulleys  are  properly  proportioned  for 
the  work.  The  pulleys  are  light,  but  strong  and  carefully  balanced.  Steel  shafts  are  employed  and 
accurately  turned  to  size.  The  journals  are  thoroughly  babbitted,  adjustable  and  provided  with  oil  drip 
cups.  The  engraving  on  the  opposite  page  gives  the  details  of  standard  countershafts.  Tight  and 
loose  pulleys  may  be  supplied  at  a  nominal  additional  price,  when  so  desired.  Extra  length  of  shafts 
may  also  be  furnished.  Page  228  affords  an  excellent  half-tone  illustration  of  these  countershafts. 


193 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Planing  Mill   Exhausters, 

Application  of  the  Single  Type. 


Elevation. 


Plan. 
A  Well-arranged  Shavings  Exhaust  Outfit. 


194 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Planing  Mill  Exhausters, 

Tables  of  Speeds  and  Weights  of  Galvanized  Pipes. 


IN  THE  compilation  of  the  following  table,  due  allowance  has  been  made  for  loss  of  peripheral 
velocity  and  also  for  slipping  of  belt. 

When  these  exhausters  are  used  for  removing  smoke  from  forge  fires  and  other  similar  pur- 
poses, they  will  be  found  to  yield  sufficient  suction  when  run  at  speeds  given  for  average  work,  unless 
applied  to  too  large  a  number  of  fires. 

TABLE  OF  SPEEDS  FOR  VARIOUS  PRESSURES. 


FOR  LIGHT  WORK 

FOR  ORDINARY  WORK 

FOR  HEAVY  WORK 

T-\^.._.  _ 

FAN      2-oz.     2^-02. 

3-02. 

3^-02.    4-oz. 

4M-OZ. 

5-02. 

6-oz. 

7-oz.     FAN 

Pressure 

Pressure 

Pressure 

Pressure   Pressure 

Pressure 

Pressure 

Pressure 

Pressure 

30-in. 

1814 

2020 

2226     2402     2576 

2732 

2886 

3168 

3429    30-in. 

35-in. 

1468 

1634 

1800     1942     2084 

2210 

2335 

2563 

2779    35-in. 

40-in. 

1285 

1431 

1577     1702     1825 

1934 

2045 

2245 

2429    40-in. 

45-in. 

1174 

1308 

1442     1555     1668 

1768 

1869 

2037 

2221    45-in. 

50-in. 

1082 

1205 

1327 

1432     1536 

1629 

1721 

1890 

2045    50-in. 

55-in. 

964 

1073 

1184 

1276     1369 

1452 

1534 

1684 

1823    55-in. 

60-in. 

882 

982 

1083 

1168     1252 

1328 

1403 

1540 

1667    60-in. 

70-in. 

812      904 

995 

1075     1153 

1223 

1292 

1419 

1535    70-in. 

TABLE  OF  WEIGHTS  OF  GALVANIZED  IRON  PIPE,   IN  POUNDS,   PER  RUNNING  FOOT. 


Dofapije.r       No'24      No'22 
in  Inches           a  ° 

No.  20 
Gauge 

No.  18 
Gauge 

No.  16 
Gauge 

Diameter 
of  Pipe, 
in  Inches 

No.  24        No.  22        No.  20 
Gauge        Gauge        Gauge 

No.  18 
Gauge 

No.  16 
Gauge 

4          \y2       \x 

2 

2t/2 

3X 

28 

gl/2 

11^          14 

18 

2\y2 

5                 1#           2               2l/z           3l/2 

4 

30 

10 

12X           15 

19^ 

23 

6            2y& 

2)4           3 

4 

4^ 

32 

103^ 

13              16 

21 

24y2 

7                2)4 

3 

3)4 

4)4 

5J^ 

34 

\\% 

14 

17 

22 

26 

8               2% 

33/£ 

4 

$X 

6^ 

36 

12 

15 

18 

24 

27)4 

9               3X 

33^ 

S^ 

38 

123/         16 

19 

25            29^ 

10               3)4 

4 

£>1A 

7^ 

40              13K 

17             20 

26^    !     31 

11               3# 

4/^ 

5^ 

7 

42 

18 

21 

28 

33 

12               4              4% 

6 

71A           9 

44 

19 

22 

30 

35 

13               4^           5               6^ 

Ql/2         10 

46 

20 

23 

31/^ 

37 

14               4^ 

5*/2           7              9             11 

48 

21 

24 

33            39 

15               5 

6 

7/4 

9¥         12 

50 

22 

25 

35 

41 

16          sy$ 

6)4       8         iox      13 

52 

26 

36^ 

43 

18               6 

7X           9             \\l/2         14% 

54 

27 

38^        45 

20               6^ 

8 

10             123^.         15K 

56 

28 

40             47 

22               7% 

83^ 

11 

14 

163^ 

58 

29 

42 

49 

24               8 

93/8 

12 

1554^ 

18)4 

60 

30 

44 

51 

26               83^ 

20 

For  planing  mill  work,  pipes  up  to  8  inches  diameter  should  be  24  gauge  ;  8  to  14  inches,  22 
gauge  ;  14  to  20  inches,  20  gauge  ;  20  to  30  inches,  18  gauge  ;  larger  sizes  for  heavy  work,  16  gauge. 


i95 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Planing  Mill   Exhausters, 


An  Effective  Application. 


Sectional  View,  Fig.  i. 


A 


Plan  View,  Fig.  2. 


SMALL  but  well-connected  and  arranged  wood- 
working exhaust  outfit  is  illustrated  in  sectional 
Fig.  1  above.  Direct  runs  of  exhaust  pipe  are 
employed  and  this  should  always  be  sought  in  planning 
the  layout  of  a  planing  mill  equipment.  The  application 
should  always  be  such  as  to  involve  the  least  number  of 
bends  and  turns  in  the  conveying  pipe,  both  before  it 
reaches  the  fan,  and  after.  Then  the  most  satisfactory 
results  will  be  secured,  with  a  minimum  expenditure  of 
power.  The  maximum  efficiency  of  any  fan  cannot  be 
secured  when  it  is  operating  in  conjunction  with  right- 
angled  elbows,  or  with  sharp  bends  and  turns. 

It  will  be  observed  that  the  shaving  vault  is  located  in  close  communication  to  the  boiler  room, 
and  arrangement  may  be  made  for  the  feeding  of  the  shavings  direct  into  the  boiler,  or  they  may  be 
deposited  in  a  bin  provided  for  the  purpose  and  used  as  needed.  Convenient  progressive  dry  kilns  are 
at  the  right  of  the  boiler  house,  the  green  stock  being  introduced  therein  at  the  opposite  side,  and 
gradually  brought  into  the  factory  from  the  hot  end  of  kiln,  as  it  becomes  dry  and  is  needed  to  work 
into  manufactured  goods.  A  mere  outline  of  the  heating  apparatus  is  shown  ;  it  is  a  fan  system  plant 
utilizing  the  exhaust  steam  from  the  engine,  which  is  ordinarily  sufficient  for  heating  the  works, 
excepting  in  extreme  weather.  Conveying  pipes  lead  therefrom  to  the  upper  stories,  in  which  are 
located  the  finishing  rooms,  etc.  Sufficient  data  is  embodied  in  accompanying  pages  to  enable 
customers  to  estimate  the  size  of  exhaust  fan  required  for  any  outfit. 


196 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Planing  Mill  Exhausters, 

Data  Regarding  Applications. 


LOCATION. — Always  place  the  exhauster  so  that  the  course  of  the  main  suction  and  discharge 
pipes  will  be  in  as  nearly  a  straight  line  as  practicable  from  the  inlet  and  outlet,  respectively,  of  the 
fan,  and  as  near  the  greater  portion  of  the  material  to  be  carried  away  as  possible.  The  main  suc- 
tion pipe  should  never  be  tapered  until  the  branch  pipes  to  machines  have  reduced  the  power  of  suc- 
tion to  a  smaller  area,  and  an  ordinary  outfit  will  not  require  tapering  oftener  than  once  in  15  to  20 
feet.  Avoid  taking  out  of  the  main  suction  pipes,  two  branches  directly  opposite.  Connect  the 
branches  to  the  main  pipe  either  at  the  side  or  above  the  center,  never  underneath  the  center  line  of 
the  main  pipe.  Enter  branches  in  main  in  the  direction  of  movement  of  air  toward  exhauster. 
Make  branches  as  short  as  possible,  and  in  connecting  to  hoods  over  machines,  avoid  abrupt  bends. 

HOODING  MACHINES. — The  proper  form  of  hood  construction  is  a  very  important  factor ; 
more  exhaust  fans  have  been  condemned  from  a  lack  of  intelligence  on  this  point  than  from  any 
other  cause.  Pages  198  to  201  illustrate  the  sizes,  dimensions  and  forms  of  the  various  styles  of 
hoods  and  hoppers  for  a  wide  variety  of  machines.  These  necessarily  have  to  be  fitted  on  the  ground.. 

Fit  hoods  closely  to  the  journal  boxes,  rollers  and  pressure  bars  of  planers  and  molders,  so 
that  the  supply  of  air  must  pass  up  and  around  the  material  that  is  being  worked.  Planer  hoods, 
arranged  with  telescopic  joints  and  counterbalance  weights  (see  page  201),  are  very  convenient  of 
adjustment,  as  they  permit  raising  from  the  machine  when  desired,  and  are  less  liable  to  become 
jammed  than  when  placed  on  the  floor.  All  turns  or  bends  in  pipes  should  be  on  an  easy  curve  and 
in  the  direction  of  the  moving  air. 

SIZES  OF  BRANCH  PIPES  FOR  SAWS — The  outline  cuts  of  hoods  which  follow,  make  it  an 
easy  task  to  select  the  proper  sizes  of  branch  pipes  for  almosi  all  wood-working  machinery.  As  few 
of  the  different  variety  of  saws  are  given  herein,  we  append  herewith  a  list,  with  the  extreme  sizes  of 
branch  pipes  required.  Many  plants  in  daily  operation  are  used  with  smaller  diameters.  This  is. 
partly  dependent  upon  their  length,  as  well  as  the  condition  of  the  material  passing  through  the  saw. 

Rip  Saws,  18-inch 4-inch  pipe.  Saw,  Combination 5-inch  pipe. 

Cut-off  Saws,  18-inch 4  "  "  Saw,  Band 4  •• 

Rip  or  Cut-off  Saw,  24-inch    ....  5  "  "  Saw,  Groove 4  "  " 

Split  Saw 4  "  "  Resaw,  Endless,  ^  to  1-inch    .    .    .  5  "  " 

Boiling  Saw 5  to  6  "  "  "             "           \*/2  to  2^-inch  .    .6  " 

Swing  Circular  Saws,  12  to  20-inch     4  "  "  Resaw,  Circular,  18-inch 5  "  " 

Saws.  Heavy  Cut-off,  24-inch     .    .    .6  "  "        Resaw,  24  to  30-inch    .    .    .6  "  " 

BLAST  GATES. — All  branches  and  " sweep- ups"  (except  the  extreme  end  of  the  main  pipe,, 
which  should  always  be  left  open),  should  have  a  blast  gate  or  cut  off,  that,  when  machine  is  not  in 
use,  by  closing  off  the  branch,  there  will  be  economy  of  power.  Each  should  be  provided  with  an 
opening  in  the  center  of  slide  from  1  y2  to  2  inches  in  diameter,  according  to  the  size  of  the  branch 
pipe.  The  object  of  these  is  to  maintain  a  current  of  air  through  the  branches  when  not  in  use  suf- 
ficient to  avoid  their  becoming  clogged  by  refuse  from  other  branches  through  the  main. 

197 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Planing  Mill   Exhausters, 

General  Application. 


Hood  Form  for  Tenoning  Machine. 


Lower  Hood. 
-*i  i*  —  6" 


Upper  Hood. 


--10"- — • 

SIDE  VIEW. 


FRONT  VIEW. 


Outside  Hood. 


END  VIEW.          SIDE  VIEW. 
Hood  Forms  for  Sticker  Machines. 

Upper  Hood.  Lower  Hood. 


I*— -6*-*— 5"- 


SIDE  VIEW. 


ETMD  VIEW. 


*• 12" •**        '*-- 51-*"  i«— s"-* 

SIDE  VIEW.          END  VIEW.        SIDE  VIEW. 

"Inside  Hood. 


Inside  Hood. 
r~ 


i. 

% 

f- 


Outside  Hood. 

f— - 
i 

CO 


cb 

i 

.*— / 

/ 
*-- 


SIDE  VIEW. 


4_J 


SIDE  VIEW. 


FRONT  VIEW. 


FRONT  VIEW. 


SIDE  VIEW. 


VIEW. 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Planing   Mill  Exhausters, 

General  Application. 


Hood  Forms  for  Sticker  Machines. 


Upper  Hood. 


Lower  Hood. 


— -11- 

END  VIEW. 


SIDE  VIEW. 


END  VIEW.     SIDE  VIEW. 


Hood  Forms  for  Double  Matcher  and  Flooring  Machine. 

Lower  Hood. 


Upper  Hood. 

f 

cb 


—6-- 


A 


END  VIEW. 


± 17 

SIDE  VIEW. 


-5-- 


Left  Hand  Hood. 


5(1 
- 


x— -  QL-* 
END  VIEW. 


FRONT  VIEW.  SIDE  VIEW. 

Right  Hand  Hood. 


!*-5*- 


SIDE  VIEW  AND  PLAN. 


SIDE  VIEW  AND  PLAN. 


199 


Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Planing  Mill  Exhausters, 

General  Application. 


Hood  Forms  for  Double  Matcher  and  Flooring  Machine. 

Form  for  Pony  Planer  Hood. 

i~- -5'-- 1  i--5"— *i  Form  for  Shaping  Machine  Hood. 

f— -6"— *i  f-— €-—• i 


--6-*- 


r 


-24 

SIDE  VIEW. 


-7-—" 
END  VIEW. 


Form  of  Resaw  Hopper. 
-------  33-  ---------------------  1 


-20-- 

SIDE  VIEW.  END  VIEW.. 

Form  of  Floor  Sweep-up. 


t — n — ->i 


r-51"! 


SIDE  VIEW.  FRONT  VIEW. 

Form  of  Jointer    Hood. 


' 18--— H 

FRONT  VIEW. 


CO 

i— - 

cb 

i-— 


i 


END  VIEW., 


Form  of  Hood  for  Swing  Cut-off  Saw. 


END  VIEW. 


SIDE  VIEW. 


SIDE  VIEW. 


FRONT  VIEW.. 


2CX3 


Buffalo  Steel   Plate  Planing  Mill  Exhausters, 


Data  Regarding  Applications. 


o 


N  THE  preceding  pages  are  practical   illustrations 
for  hooding  and  connecting  up  planing  mill  ma- 
chines with  Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Exhausters.  Special 
attention  is  called  to  the  outline  engravings  of  hoods  ; 
they  are  taken  from  full  size  measurements  of  patterns 
used    in   the    most    successful    wood-working    exhaust 
outfits  in  the  country. 

There  is  so  great  a  difference  in  the  wood-working 
machinery  of  the  various  builders,  that  it  is  always  nec- 
essary to  hood  the  machines  on  the  ground.  Unless  de- 
tailed drawings  of  the  machines  are  sent,  hoods  that  will 
fit  perfectly  cannot  be  made.  The  diagrams  show  the 
more  common  forms  of  hoods  and  connections,  and 
enough  suggestions  are  embodied  to  cover  all  general  re- 
quirements. In  the  example  of  sticker  machines,  we 
Planer  Hood,  show  two  sizes  Of  hoods,  though  their  forms  are  similar, 

with  Counterbalance  Weights.  It  will  be  found>  in  the  case  of  a  large  nurnber  of  other 

wood-working   machinery,   especially  planers,  that  the   dimensions  of  hoods  will   necessarily  vary 
according  to  the  sizes  of  knives,  etc. 

In  all  cases  of  planer  hoods,  fit  closely  around  journal  bearings  at  end  of  hoods.  Stay  sides  of 
hoods  at  bottom  with  angle  iron.  Always  arrange  the  hood  on  a  machine  which  directs  the  shavings 
forward  so  the  cuttings  will  be  thrown  directly  into  the  pipe  connection  to  hood,  and  prevent  their 
dropping  back  upon  the  material  being  worked.  Under-cutter  hoods  should  be  fitted  as  closely  as 
possible  under  the  cylinder,  so  that  the  shavings  will  drop  down  into  the  pipes  connected  with  same. 

Saw  benches  and  buzz-planers  or  jointers  should  have  hoppers  of  wood  or  metal  underneath, 
with  pipe  connections  above  or  under  the  floor,  as  may  be  most  convenient.  Put  a  rack  or  netting  into 
the  hopper,  to  catch  slivers  or  pieces  that  may  pass  down  by  the  saw  on  the  side.  This  will  prevent 
clogging  of  the  pipe.  Floor  "clean-ups,"  or  sweepers,  may  be  made  of  metal  or  wood,  with  slide  door  in 
side  ;  keep  closed  when  not  in  use.  The  branch  should  not  be  less  than  five  or  six  inches  in  diameter. 
Herewith  we  append  a  list  of  wood-working  machines,  with  the  sizes  of  pipes,  etc.,  required  in 
each  instance,  which  are  not  illustrated  :  Planer  with  knives  28  to  36  inches  long,  7-inch  pipe  ;  Planer 
with  knives  24  to  26  inches  long,  6-inch  pipe  ;  Buzz  Planer  with  knives  30  inches  long,  6-inch  pipe  ; 
Universal  Wood  Worker,  two  6-inch  and  two  5-inch  pipes  ;  Gainer,  5-inch  pipe  ;  Dado,  5-inch  pipe  ; 
Panel  Riser,  4  to  5-inch  pipe  ;  Rounder  each  head  5-inch  pipe  ;  Drum  Sander  with  knives  12  to  15 
inches,  5-inch  pipe ;  Drum  Sander  with  knives  20  to  28  inches,  6-inch  pipe  ;  Drum  Sander  with 
knives  30  to  40  inches,  7-inch  pipe  ;  Sand  Belts,  5-inch  pipe  ;  Invincible  Sanders,  7  to  8-inch  pipe  ; 
Vertical  Sander,  6-inch  pipe  ;  Swing  Sander,  5-inch  pipe  ;  Dovetailing  Machine,  5-inch  pipe. 


Buffalo  Cotton  Elevator  Fan, 


With  Overhung  Wheel. 


Right  Hand  Bottom  Horizontal  Discharge.     Design  Admits  Change  of  Outlet 
Position  (see  Description,  Page  203). 


Buffalo  Cotton  Elevator  Fans, 

With  Overhung  Wheels. 


THESE  elevators  are  particularly  adapted  for  use  in  connection  with  cotton  separators,  and  are 
primarily  designed  for  elevating  seed  cotton,  cotton  seed,  cotton  hulls,  and  various  fibrous  ma- 
terial of  similar  texture  and  nature.  The  construction  is  nearly  identical  with  the  regular  Buffalo 
Steel  Plate  Planing  Mill  Exhausters,  their  external  appearance  being  exactly  the  same.  The  same 
high  quality  of  material  is  employed,  and  practically  the  only  difference  between  the  two  types  of 
fans  lies  in  the  blast  wheels.  These  are  so  formed  that  there  is  no  opportunity  for  the  catching  or 
lodging  of  cotton,  with  the  accompanying  result  of  clogging  and  obstructing  the  operation  of  the  elevator. 

A  prime  feature  of  the  design  of  these  fans  is  the  ability  to  change  the  discharge  by  merely 
loosening  the  bolts  which  secure  the  case  to  the  standard.  The  shell  may  then  be  turned  to  any 
desired  point.  Right  hand  bottom  horizontal  discharge,  as  shown  by  the  engraving,  changed  to  a  top 
horizontal  then  becomes  left  hand. 

In  the  table  which  follows,  the  division,  "Revolutions  per  Minute,"  indicates  the  highest  and 
lowest  speeds  required.  It  is  impossible  to  name  the  exact  speed  in  every  instance,  for  the  reason 
that  this  is  directly  dependent  upon  the  length  of  pipes,  number  of  turns  and  the  strength  of  suction 
required.  Damp  and  dirty  cotton  will  require  a  heavier  velocity  of  air  to  lift  it,  than  dry,  light  and 
loose  material.  Too  great  a  speed  of  the  fan  causes  some  of  the  cotton  to  hull,  with  the  attendant 
outcome  of  some  of  the  husks  or  seed  covers  passing  through  the  gin,  injuring  the  product. 

Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Cotton  Elevators  are  built  right  or  left  hand,  bottom  horizontal,  top  hori- 
zontal, down  or  up  discharge.  Right  hand  bottom  horizontal  discharge  is  always  sent  in  the  absence 
of  other  advices.  Attention  is  directed  to  "Suggestions  to  Purchasers,"  on  page  191.  Buyers  should 
not  think  that  in  fans  with  larger  inlets  or  outlets  than  Buffalo  Exhausters  (which  are  properly  pro- 
portioned in  every  respect),  they  are  securing  greater  efficiency.  The  bearings  used  on  these  fans 
are  illustrated  on  page  1 88.  For  detailed  dimensions  of  different  sizes  refer  to  page  1 90. 

GUARANTEE.  Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Cotton  Elevators  are  guaranteed  to  be  built  of  the  best 
material,  in  a  thoroughly  workmanlike  manner,  to  run  with  as  little  power,  to  be  as  durable,  to  be  so 
proportioned  as  to  give  the  greatest  suction  and  expulsive  power  obtainable,  and  to  be  sold  at  lower 
prices  for  the  same  size  and  capacity  than  those  of  any  other  manufacture. 

PRICE  LIST,  CAPACITY  AND  SPEED. 


Size  of 
Machine 

Size  of  Outlet 

Outside 
Diameter  of 
Inlet 

Diameter  and  Face 
of  Pulley 

Revolutions 
per  Minute 

Capacity  in 
Pounds  per 
Hour 

Price 

30-in. 

9^ 

in. 

x    9l/2 

in. 

1  1T35  in. 

6 

in.  x  4}4 

in.       1500  to  2000     '     3500  to  5000 

$    55.00 

35-in. 

ll'X 

in. 

x  11«< 

in. 

13TV  in. 

7 

in.  x  5^ 

in. 

1200  to  1800     •     4000  to  6000 

70.00 

40-in. 

13>£ 

in. 

x  13)^ 

in. 

\47/8  in. 

8 

in.  x  6 

in.  !     1  100  to  1500     •     4500  to  6500             90.00 

45-in. 

15 

in. 

x  15 

in.         17^8  in. 

9 

in.  x  bl/2 

in.         950  to  1350     ,     5000  to  6800           115.00 

50-in. 

if>.H 

in. 

x  16/4^ 

in.  i       19      in.        10 

in.  x  7 

in.         800  to  1200     i     5500  to  7200           150.00 

55-in. 

18 

in. 

x  18 

in.  |      20^  in. 

11 

in.  x  8 

in.         850  to  1100         6000  to  7600           185.00 

60-in. 

19fc 

in. 

x  19%" 

in. 

22^  in. 

11> 

z  in.  x  9 

in. 

750  to  1000 

6500  to  8500           200.00 

203 


O 
-4— » 
oi 
> 

JJ 

w 


o 
U 


PQ 


o 

E 
i_ 

o 
u- 

OJ 

> 

o 

s— 

o. 


204 


Buffalo  Cotton  Elevator   Fans, 

With  Overhung  Wheels. 


ASIDE  from  the  efficiency  of  the  Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Cotton  Fans  as  elevators  of  this  material, 
they  have  found  great  favor  with  ginners  throughout  the  country  as  a  cleaner  and  dryer. 

The  blades  of  the  fan  are  so  constructed  that  clogging  up  is  a  feature  entirely  unknown  to 
Buffalo  Cotton  Elevators.  The  seed  cotton  passes  over  an  easy  curve  of  the  wheel  to  the  outlet  of 
the  fan  case,  thereby  totally  preventing  all  friction  of  cotton  between  the  fan  wheel  and  the  shell. 
Fire  arising  from  the  use  of  certain  cotton  elevators  is  not  an  uncommon  occurrence  with  those 
whose  construction  is  such  that  there  is  considerable  friction  between  the  metallic  surfaces.  In  the 
Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Cotton  Elevator  Fans  this  danger  is  eliminated.  The  cotton  is  so  thoroughly 
picked  apart,  opened  up  and  separated,  that  wads  are  absolutely  prevented.  Such  dust  as  may  be 
present  in  the  material  is  easily  eradicated  by  the  action  of  the  fan  blades  in  opening  up  the  material 
and  the  attendant  rapid  current  of  air.  It  is  a  well  known  fact  to  cotton  ginners  throughout  the 
country,  that  dirty  and  damp  cotton,  by  the  use  of  an  ordinary  elevator,  will  be  delivered  from  the 
gin  without  a  change  in  its  quality.  Several  grades  of  improvement  have  been  noted  when  handled 
by  a  Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Fan. 

As  the  engravings  upon  the  opposite  page  show,  the  main  suction  pipe  from  the  exhauster 
communicates  as  directly  as  possible  (avoiding  numerous  bends)  with  the  wagon  or  point  at  which  the 
material  is  taken  up.  A  properly  proportioned  and  shaped  hood,  with  a  telescopic  joint  and  the  usual 
counterbalancing  weights,  in  taking  cotton  from  a  wagon  will  be  found  indispensable  in  a  conveniently 
arranged  outfit.  If  the  cotton  passes  through  the  fan,  the  discharge  may  lead  to  the  gin  or  store- 
house, as  desired.  Provision  may  also  be  made  for  discharging  temporarily  a  portion  or  all  of  the 
material  into  bins,  and  by  the  use  of  dampers,  and  branch  pipes  so  arranged  to  direct  the  suction  of 
the  exhauster  from  the  bins,  the  cotton  may  afterward  be  again  passed  through  it,  and  then  led  to 
the  gin.  Frequently,  the  above  is  a  very  desirable  feature.  Drawings  of  all  such  special  layouts  will 
be  cheerfully  furnished  with  every  order,  but  it  is  always  necessary  for  purchasers  to  send  sketches 
to  scale  of  their  buildings,  in  order  to  enable  the  preparation  of  such  plans. 

Special  attention  is  directed  to  the  unique  and  unsurpassed  bearing  and  oiling  device  used 
exclusively  on  Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Cotton  Elevators,  which  is  clearly  shown  by  the  detailed  engraving 
on  page  188.  These  fans  are  particularly  adapted  for  use  in  connection  with  cotton  separators. 
Purchasers  ordering  cotton  elevator  fans  should  state  in  all  cases  whether  a  right  or  left  hand  machine 
is  wanted.  The  fans  are  built  right  or  left  hand,  with  bottom  horizontal,  top  horizontal,  down  or  up 
discharge.  We  always  send  right  hand  bottom  horizontal  discharge  fans  in  the  absence  of  other 
advices.  Purchasers  should  not  be  led  to  believe  that  fans  with  larger  inlets  or  outlets  than  Buffalo 
Exhausters  (which  are  properly  proportioned  in  every  respect),  are  of  greater  efficiency.  Enlarged 
Met  and  outlet  rings  bolted  to  the  shell  of  an  exhauster  do  not  indicate  its  capacity,  as  some  manufacturers 
claim.  The  proportion  of  some  fans  in  this  respect  is  such  as  to  render  their  efficiency  very  low. 
The  height  of  shell  and  diameter  of  blast  wheel  are  the  important  dimensions,  and  upon  which  the 
capacity  of  a  cotton  elevator  depends. 

205 


Buffalo  Steel  Pressure  Blower, 

For  Foundry  Cupolas,  Forge  Fires,  etc. 


Two  Pulleys,  Bottom  Horizontal  Discharge. 


206 


Buffalo  Steel  Pressure  Blowers, 

For  Cupola  Furnaces,  Forge  Fires,  etc. 


ON  THE  opposite  page  is  shown  the  latest  improved  form  of  the  Buffalo  Steel  Pressure  Blower. 
A  distinguishing  feature  of  these  blowers,  common  to  those  of  no  other  manufacture,  is  the 

solid  case,  the  peripheral  portion  of  the  shell  being  cast  in  one  solid  piece,  to  which  the 
center  plates  are  accurately  fitted,  metal  to  metal.  It  will  thus  be  seen  that  the  objectionable  and 
slovenly  "  putty  joint  "  is  entirely  dispensed  with.  Ready  access  to  the  interior  of  the  blower,  without 
entirely  taking  it  apart,  is  afforded.  With  blowers  of  every  other  manufacture,  the  "  putty  joint  "  is  a 
feature  of  the  shell  or  casing,  although  a  construction  point  which,  at  the  best,  is  something  to  be 
avoided  in  an  efficient  machine. 

The  Buffalo  Steel  Pressure  Blowers  are  designed  and  constructed  especially  for  high  pressure 
duty,  such  as  supplying  blast  for  cupolas,  furnaces,  forge  fires,  sand  blast  machines,  and  for  any  work 
requiring  forcing  of-air  long  distances,  as  in  connection  with  pneumatic  tube  delivery  systems.  They 
are  adapted  for  all  uses  where  a  high  pressure  or  strong  blast  of  air  is  required.  The  journals  are 
long  and  heavy,  in  the  standard  ratio  of  length  to  diameter  of  six  to  one,  and  embody  a  greater 
amount  of  wearing  surface  than  those  upon  blowers  of  any  other  construction.  Attention  is  directed 
to  the  cuts  and  description  of  the  journals  and  unique  oiling  devices  employed.  The  bearings  are 
readily  adjustable,  and  any  wear  can  be  taken  up. 

Buffalo  Steel  Pressure  Blowers  possess  a  minimum  number  of  parts;  in  fact,  the  blower  is 
practically  one  piece,  so  that  under  any  service  the  bearings  invariably  are  in  perfect  alignment, 
vertically  and  laterally,  with  the  rest  of  the  machine.  In  durability,  smooth  running  and  economy  of 
power,  they  are  thus  rendered  far  superior  to  any  blower  with  the  so-called  universal  journal  bearing 
which  is  commonly  employed.  A  machinist  of  average  ability  can  easily  adjust,  repair  and  keep  in  order. 

To  obtain  the  best  results  from  a  blower  of  given  size,  when  used  for  melting  iron  in  foundry 
cupolas,  much  depends  upon  the  proper  layout  of  the  blast  piping  between  the  blower  and  the  cupola, 
and  also  upon  the  proper  proportionment,  arrangement  and  design  of  the  tuyeres.  Several  forms  of 
cupolas,  economical  in  the  use  of  fuel  and  fast  melting,  which  are  the  points  most  sought,  are  now 
upon  the  market.  In  the  tables  which  follow,  we  give  the  proper  sizes  of  Buffalo  Blowers  for  different 
diameters  of  cupolas ;  but  it  must  be  borne  in  mind,  that  if  the  tuyerage  is  not  of  sufficient  area,  or 
if  the  blower  has  to  be  located  at  some  distance,  these  points  enter  for  consideration.  Frequently 
foundrymen  when  experiencing  difficulty  in  obtaining  satisfactory  melts,  throw  the  whole  cause  of  the 
trouble  upon  the  blower,  when  the  fault  does  not  lie  at  this  point.  It  is  safe  to  say  that  most  failures 
are  due  to  the  mismanagement  of  cupolas  and  improper  application  of  blowers. 

Buffalo  Steel  Pressure  Blowers  are  especially  adapted  for  foundry  cupolas,  and  are  guaranteed 
to  produce  stronger  blast,  with  the  least  expense  for  power,  than  any  others.  They  have  found  great 
favor  with  owners  who  have  previously  employed  other  construction  forms,  and  in  numerous  instances 
of  large  foundry  plants  with  several  cupolas,  where  used  side  by  side  with  other  blowers,  have  been 
found  to  yield  superior  results,  ofttimes  being  afterward  adopted  for  the  entire  equipment.  Every 
purchaser  of  a  Buffalo  Steel  Pressure  Blower  will  be  supplied  with  a  sketch  showing  proper  size  of 
blast  pipe  and  connections  to  tuyeres. 

207 


Buffalo  Steel  Pressure  Blower, 

For  Foundry  Cupolas,  Forge  Fires,  etc. 


Two  Pulleys,  Bottom  Horizontal  Discharge. 


208 


Buffalo  Steel  Pressure  Blowers, 


Furnished  with  or  without  Countershafts. 


NUMBERS  1  to  6  have  but  one  pulley,  Nos.  7  to  12  have  two  pulleys.  All  are  furnished 
in  the  regular  discharge,  /.  e.,  bottom  horizontal,  unless  otherwise  specified  in  order. 

An  extra  ten  per  cent,  is  charged  for  other  discharges,  though  same  may  be  readily  supplied. 
For  table  of  principal  dimensions,  see  page  211.  Illustrations  of  the  countershafts  employed  with 
these  blowers  appear  on  pages  226  and  228,  with  table  of  dimensions  on  page  229. 

BUFFALO  SPECIAL  STEEL  PRESSURE  BLOWER — Qn  page  2 1 0  we  illustrate  a  Buffalo  Special 
Steel  Pressure  Blower  having  the  countershaft  affixed  to  the  shell  of  the  blower,  the  two  being  cast 
in  one  piece.  Tight  and  loose  pulleys  are  provided,  with  a  main  driving  pulley  from  which  motion  is 
transmitted  to  the  blower  itself.  These  blowers  are  built  in  two  sizes  and  can  readily  be  constructed 
to  order  in  a  few  larger  sizes,  if  desired.  The  price  for  the  No.  1 ,  with  affixed  countershaft,  as  illus- 
trated, is  $20.00,  and  No.  2,  $28.00. 

GUARANTEE. — Buffalo  Steel  Pressure  Blowers  are  guaranteed  to  be  built  of  the  best  materials, 
in  a  thoroughly  workmanlike  manner,  to  be  of  superior  design,  run  with  less  power,  to  be  more  durable 
and  be  so  proportioned  as  to  give  stronger  blast,  and  to  be  sold  at  lower  prices  for  the  same  size  or 
capacity,  than  those  of  any  other  manufacture. 


Number 
of  Blower 

> 

Outside 
Height,  in      Diameter 
Inches         of  Outlet 

Diameter       Face  of        Diameter  of 
of  Pulley          Pulley            Bearing 

Length  of 
Bearing 

Price    without 
Countershaft 

Price   with 
Countershaft 

1 

12*             3* 

2}4         \%           y* 

3^ 

$    12.00 

$   20.00 

2 

15                    4 

2%              2X                   # 

3^ 

18.00 

28.00 

3 

20                  4^ 

3X              2^                   # 

5 

26.00 

38.00 

4 

24                  5>£ 

4                  3                     1 

5^ 

36.00 

52.00 

5 

26                 5>£ 

4/y"               3 

L# 

6 

44.00 

64.00 

6 

30                 6% 

4^              3^ 

IX 

6^ 

55.00 

80.00 

7 

35                  7X 

5                 4^                1^8 

7X 

70.00 

100.00 

8 

40                 8^ 

6                 4X                1# 

7^ 

90.00 

130.00 

9 

45                10 

751^ 

8X 

115.00 

170.00 

10 

56                \2tf 

8                 5^                1^ 

8i| 

160.00 

230.00 

11 

66                14^ 

6^4- 

1^ 

9^ 

225.00 

300.00 

n# 

76                16X 

10                 7 

2 

10 

275.00 

350.00 

12 

80                18 

10                 8 

2 

11 

325.00 

400.00 

209 


Buffalo  Steel  Pressure  Blower, 

Special  Design,  with  Affixed  Countershaft. 


Shell  of  Blower  and  Countershaft  Intact,  Tight  and  Loose  Pulleys. 


210 


Buffalo  Steel  Pressure  Blowers^ 

For  Cupolas  and  Forge  Fires. 


TABLE  OF  PRINCIPAL  DIMENSIONS— IN  INCHES. 


No. 

^ 

B           C           D           E 

G 

H 

I 

J 

•- 

M 

SIZE  OF 
PULLEY 

WEIGHT 

Diam. 

Face 

Not 
Packed 

Packed 

1 

7>s- 

6           234:        3-/s      12# 

6 

8 

2^ 

12*        3          14^ 

2>A 

l^ 

30 

45 

2 

10 

7>£        4/        4          15 

6X 

7X 

2ft      15           4          19^ 

2X 

-2X 

47 

70 

3 

123/      10X        43^        4^      19^ 

7 

8/2 

3^ 

20           434-      23 

3tf 

2%         75 

95 

4 

15          11  ^s        5^        5^8      22  ^6 

9 

11 

4^      24           5>^      25^ 

4           3 

118 

135 

5 

1534- 

123/        5/        5^      26^ 

\\y2 

13^        43^ 

26           4%      2%y2        4X 

3 

165 

190 

6 

1834- 

14            7y2        6X      29 

13 

15 

6 

30           5^      28            4y2 

3^ 

210 

235 

7 

2\y2 

14^       10           ly,      31           13/ 

1534- 

7 

35 

634- 

38X 

5 

4X 

310 

335 

8 

29y2      16          \3y2        8~/s      37 

15          18 

8>i      40 

9X 

40 

4^ 

450 

490 

9 

32 

19^       16          10       •  42 

16 

19            9y2      45       ,     9/ 

41 

7 

5 

620 

660 

10 

40 

21j^      22          12^      53/ 

17/      20          10  '4      56          10/ 

45 

8 

534- 

920 

975 

11        46^      25#      25          14#      61  # 

2034"      23>^       11^      66          11 

5034- 

9 

6X       1300 

1400 

11#    53 

30          28          16^      66 

23 

27          12 

76 

12V 

53          10 

7 

1700 

1800 

Nos.  1  to  6,  inclusive,  have  but  one  pulley,  Nos.  7  to  12  have  two  pulleys.   Where  so  desired, 
we  can  make  any  of  these  sizes  with  two  pulleys,  to  order. 


211 


PQ 


£ 

o 


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3 

CO 


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(U 

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CO 

o 


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U 


E 

o 

U 


dj 

CO 


£ 

rt 


C 

O 


cd 

s: 


o 
U 

c 
o 


Qu 

OJ 

OJ  &0 

co  c« 

8  a- 

-J  OJ 

73  CO 

C  ^—' 


GJD 


3 
03 


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CX  c 

2  & 

bJD  <C 
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LU 


Buffalo  Steel  Pressure  Blower, 

On  Adjustable  Bed  without  Countershaft. 


Provided  with  Adjusting  Screw  for  Taking  up  Slack  in  Belts  while 
Blower  is  in  Motion. 


214 


Buffalo  Steel  Pressure  Blowers, 

On  Adjustable  Bed,  and  on  Adjustable  Bed  Combined  with  Countershaft. 


UNLESS  considerable  care  is  taken  in  putting  up  countershafts,  and  attention  in  maintaining 
them  in  perfect  alignment,  trouble  is  often  experienced,  especially  in  keeping  the  belts  on  the 

larger  sizes  of  blowers,  on  account  of  the  great  speed  at  which  they  have  to  run  to  produce 
high  pressures.  To  overcome  such  features,  this  house  designed  the  adjustable  bed,  and  the  adjust- 
able bed  combined  with  countershaft  arrangements,  which  are  illustrated  on  pages  212,  213  and  214. 

The  arrangements  shown  on  pages  2 1 2  and  2 1 3  are  strongly  recommended  to  our  customers. 
Their  use  will  be  found  to  result  in  a  decided  saving  in  the  wear  and  tear  on  belts,  which  in  a  short 
time  more  than  justifies  the  extra  initial  expense.  A  few  turns  of  the  nut  on  the  end  of  the  adjusting 
screw,  directly  under  the  outlet  of  the  blower,  after  first  loosening  the  holding-down  bolts,  which 
should  afterward  be  re-tightened,  accomplish  in  a  very  few  moments,  what,  previous  to  the  introduc- 
tion of  this  apparatus,  has  caused  considerable  delay  and  annoyance.  The  usual  frequent  re-lacing  of 
belts,  to  make  them  sufficiently  tight  to  avoid  slipping,  is  hereby  entirely  obviated. 

Positive  alignment  of  the  countershaft  with  the  shaft  of  the  blower  by  this  arrangement 
causes  the  belt  to  track  evenly,  run  smoothly  and  avoid  the  usual  wear  by  striking  against  the 
hanger  or  side  of  blower.  The  tightening  screw  gives  uniform  tension  to  both  belts,  and  may  be 
regulated  at  will.  A  telescopic  mouth-piece  is  placed  upon  each  blower  purchased  in  this  form, 
which  enables  the  machine  to  be  moved  upon  its  bed  without  any  disarrangement  of  the  blast  piping. 

The  outfit  illustrated  on  page  213  occupies  the  smallest  amount  of  space  consumed  by  any 
apparatus  of  this  kind.  Ordinarily  tight  and  loose  pulleys  are  placed  upon  the  shaft  from  which  the 
power  is  transmitted  to  the  countershaft  of  this  apparatus.  Where  this  feature  is  not  desirable,  this 
apparatus  may  be  built  like  page  212.  The  counter  may  extend  to  the  right  or  left,  as  desired,  and 
the  tight  and  loose  pulleys  are  then  placed  thereon.  Purchasers  should  state  which  arrangement  is 
wanted,  otherwise  apparatus  as  per  page  213  will  be  furnished  for  sizes  below  No.  8,  and  page  212 
for  larger  sizes.  Channel  iron  is  employed  for  the  bed-plate,  and  each  portion  is  securely  bolted 
together,  combining  maximum  stiffness  and  lightness.  Buffalo  oil  ring  bearings  are  used  on  the 
countershafts  for  the  adjustable  bed  arrangements. 

PRICE  LIST  OF  BLOWER  ON  ADJUSTABLE  BED,  WITH  AND  WITHOUT  COUNTERSHAFT. 


Number  of  Blower 

Outside  Diameter 
of  Outlet 

PULLEYS 

Price  with  Bed  but 
without  Countershaft 

Price  with  Bed  and 
with  Countershaft 

Diameter 

Face 

6 

6>( 

Ay2 

3^ 

$  90.00 

$120.00 

7 

5 

4/4 

100.00 

135.00 

8 

8^3 

6 

4/4 

130.00 

175.00 

9 

10 

7 

5 

170.00 

230.00 

10 

12* 

8 

5^ 

265.00 

350.00 

1  1                                       14^8 

9 

6X                           330.CO 

435.00 

\\l/2                         16*4 

10 

7                               380.00 

500.00 

12                             18 

10 

8                               475.00 

625.00 

215 


Buffalo  Steel  Pressure  Blowers, 

On  Adjustable  Bed  Combined -with  Countershaft. 


TABLE  OF  PRINCIPAL  DIMENSIONS— IN  INCHES. 


WEIGHTS 

No. 

B 

C 

D 

F 

H 

Blower  and  Blower,  Bed 

Adjustable    and  Coun- 

Bed             tershaft 

6 

7X      lOtf 

63 

31 

71          4 

24         24 

18 

9 

5 

28 

325             650 

7 

8X       12 

66 

34 

74         4 

24         24 

19^ 

10 

6 

28 

410             820 

8 

10          \3}4 

70 

39 

78          4 

24         24 

21 

12 

6 

30 

550            1041 

9 

11          15 

87 

46 

93     1     5 

30         30 

22 

14 

8 

35 

680            1594 

10 

13#      16 

94 

54 

106         5 

30         30 

24 

14 

8 

38 

1040           2193 

11 

16^      \Q/2 

106 

64 

119          8 

36         36 

28 

16 

11 

43 

1565           3140 

11^ 

18X      21 

'119 

75 

132         8 

36          36 

3\/2 

18 

14 

48 

2190           3200 

12 

\9l/2      21 

119 

75 

132         8 

36         36 

31/2 

18 

14 

49 

2700           4600 

"A"  denotes  outside   diameter  of  telescopic  outlet.     "D"   denotes  length   of  bed  without 
countershaft.     For  dimensions  built  like  cut  page  212  send  for  blue  print. 


216 


Buffalo  Steel  Pressure   Blowers, 

On  Adjustable  Beds,  with  Countershafts  and  Double  Upright   Engines. 


TABLE  OF  PRINCIPAL  DIMENSIONS— IN  INCHES. 


1 

No.   '     Engine 

A 

B 

C 

D 

E 

F 

G 

H 

J 

K 

L 

M 

N 

Weight 

6      ,        3x4 

7X 

iox 

63 

31 

71 

4 

24 

24 

18 

5/2 

28 

35 

34 

1025 

7           3  x  4X 

8j^ 

12 

66 

34 

74 

4 

24 

35 

19^ 

5/4 

34 

39 

39 

1220 

8       3/2  x  4X 

10 

13  '^ 

70 

39 

78 

4 

24 

35 

21 

5V2 

40 

42 

45 

1640 

9           4  x4X 

11 

15 

87 

46 

93 

C 

30 

35 

22 

5)4 

42 

44 

50 

2294 

10           5x7 

13^f 

16 

94 

54 

106 

5 

30 

46^ 

24 

7/2 

45 

59 

61 

3540 

11       5>£  x  7 

16# 

18^ 

106 

64 

119 

8 

40 

46^ 

28 

7/2 

50^ 

63 

74 

4780 

11^       6x7 

IQ1X 

21 

119 

75 

132 

8 

40 

46^ 

3.1* 

7/2 

53 

66 

84 

5700 

12      6^  x  7 

\9l/2 

21 

119 

75 

132 

8 

40 

46^ 

31* 

7/2 

55 

67 

84 

6800 

"A"   denotes  outside   diameter  of  telescopic  outlet.     "  D  "  denotes  length  of  bed  without 
countershaft.     Also  built  as  a  left  hand  apparatus,  with  engine  on  opposite  side  of  the  blower. 


217 


^O 

CQ 

D 

CO 

£ 


D 

CQ 


<L> 

e 

'5b 

c 

LU 

X 
bfi 


O 
Q 

T3 

C 
rt 


d> 
-*-> 

c 

o 
U 


OJ 

OQ 


O 


rt 

r* 
CO 


u 


r-        \f, 

•-     a 

fcJD    "S 


C 

uu 


o 
Q 


218 


Buffalo  Steel  Pressure  Blowers, 

On  Adjustable  Beds,  with  Countershafts  and  Double  Upright  Engines. 


ON  THE  foregoing  pages,  we  have  called  attention  to  the  special   merits  of  the  Buffalo  Steel 
Pressure  Blowers,  in  the  adjustable  bed  form  and  also  in  the  combination  with  countershaft. 

The  further  combination  as  secured  in  the  introduction  of  a  double  upright  enclosed  engine, 
affords  the  very  highest  economy  and  convenience.  This  arrangement  gives  positive  control  over 
the  tension  of  belts,  ensures  the  greatest  rigidity,  ease  in  adjustment,  perfect  alignment,  and  when  it 
is  desirable,  an  immediate  change  in  the  speed  of  the  blower.  The  latter  is  a  very  desirable  feature, 
especially  in  cupola  work,  because  in  hot  weather  it  requires  an  increased  volume  of  air  to  melt  the 
same  quantity  of  iron  over  that  of  cold  weather.  It  will  readily  be  seen  that  this  arrangement 
possesses  marked  advantages  over  blowers  with  power  by  belt  transmission,  as  they  may  be  run 
whenever  desired,  and  are  independent  of  other  sources  of  power. 

The  various  designs  of  engines  built  by  this  house  afford  customers  a  selection  which  will 
meet  the  requirements  of  every  condition.  The  smaller  sizes  of  the  double  single-acting  type, 
described  on  pages  32  and  33,  make  very  small  complete  blower  and  engine  arrangements  possible. 
The  single  upright  engines,  Classes  "  A  "  and  "  B,"  pages  34  and  35,  combined  on  adjustable  bed 
and  countershaft,  are  widely  employed  for  pressures  less  than  eight  ounces.  For  continuous  running 
at  high  speed  the  double  upright  engine  enclosed,  cylinders  above  shaft,  illustrated  on  page  2 18,  sur- 
passes all  others.  Originally  these  were  designed  for  the  exacting  service  of  the  U.  S.  Government 
revenue  cutters.  Since  the  general  adoption  for  that  work,  the  design  has  been  suitably  modified  for 
driving  the  steel  pressure  and  "  B  "  volume  blowers,  and  are  here  employed  with  the  highest  satis- 
faction under  the  most  adverse  conditions.  We  invite  thorough  investigation  of  this  combination 
operating  under  the  most  trying  circumstances.  The  presence  of  dust  and  dirt  in  the  atmosphere  of 
foundries  and  forge  shops  demands  the  enclosed  features  of  the  several  engine  types  above  described. 
Their  relative  short  stroke,  high  speed  and  perfectly  balanced  parts  render  them  unequaled. 

In  ordering,  a  complete  description  of  the  work  to  be  performed  should  be  given,  stating  the 
pressure  of  air  required  and  steam  pressure.  Accompany  such  data  with  a  sketch  showing  the 
course  of  the  conveying  piping.  Then  purchasers  in  every  case  will  be  furnished  with  complete 
detailed  drawings  of  installation  for  the  blower,  engine  and  the  blast  pipes. 

TABLE  OF  SIZES,  WEIGHTS  AND  PRINCIPAL   DIMENSIONS. 


No.  of  Blower 

Height,  in    Inches 

Outside  Diameter  of 
Outlet 

Diameter  of   Cylinders 

Stroke 

Weight  of   Complete 
Apparatus 

6 

30 

6X                                 3 

4 

1025 

7 

35 

73/s                                3 

4X 

1220 

8 

40 

8%                               3% 

VA 

1640 

9 

45 

lOtf                               4 

4X 

2294 

10 

56 

I2#                                5 

7 

3540 

11 

66 

16^ 

5/2 

7 

4780 

n# 

76 

18 

6 

7 

5700 

12 

80 

20 

6X 

7 

6800 

219 


^O 

CQ 


u. 

3 

C/) 

w 
u 

PH 


V 

4-» 

CO 


CQ 


<u 

'5b 
c 
uu 

-t-> 

.5P 
ex 
D 


o 
Q 

"0 
03 


O 

CJ 


T3 
1) 

oa 

_OJ 
03 


_o 
CQ 


C 
3 
O 

u 


c 

'So 

c 

UJ 


ex 
ex 


T3 
C 
Oj 


00 


C 
LU 


O 

Q 


Buffalo  Steel  Pressure  Blowers, 


For  Cupola  Furnaces  in  Iron  Foundries. 


IN  THE  following  table  we  have  given  two  different  speeds  and  pressures  for  each  size  blower, 
and  the  quantity  of  iron  which  may  be  melted  per  hour  with  each.  In  all  cases,  we  recommend 
using  the  lowest  pressure  of  blast  that  will  do  a  given  work.  Run  up  to  the  speed  given  for  that 
pressure,  and  regulate  quantity  of  air  by  the  blast  gate.  The  proportion  of  tuyerage  should  be  at  least 
one-ninth  of  the  area  of  cupola,  in  square  inches,  with  not  less  than  four  tuyeres  at  equal  distances 
around  cupola,  so  as  to  equalize  the  blast  throughout.  With  tuyeres  of  one-twentieth  of  area  of 
cupola,  it  will  require  double  the  power  to  melt  the  same  quantity  of  iron,  and  the  blast  will  not  be  so 
evenly  distributed.  Variations  in  temperature  affect  the  working  of  cupolas  very  materially.  Hot 
weather  requires  an  increase  in  volume  of  air  to  melt  same  quantity  of  iron  as  in  cold  weather.  We 
recommend,  where  it  is  practical,  the  use  of  an  independent  or  a  Buffalo  Double  Upright  Engine  to 
run  the  blower,  as  in  the  combination  apparatus  illustrated  on  page  218,  for  then  the  speed  of  engine 
can  be  so  varied  as  to  meet  all  changes  in  conditions  and  quantity  of  iron  to  be  melted. 

For  tables  showing  necessary  increase  in  diameter  for  different  lengths  of  blast  pipes  and  for 
equalizing  diameter  of  pipes,  see  pages  in  back  of  catalogue.  The  table  exhibiting  horse-power  and 
pressure  required  to  overcome  friction  of  air  passing  through  pipes,  and  indicating  necessary  increased 
speed  of  blower,  also  appears  there.  We  will  furnish  every  purchaser  of  a  Buffalo  Steel  Pressure 
Blower  a  complete  detailed  drawing,  showing  proper  size  of  blast  pipes  and  other  installation  details, 
where  we  are  supplied  with  a  sketch  giving  data  to  work  from.  Accompany  such  sketches  with  a 
complete  statement  of  requirements. 

TABLE  OF  SPEEDS  AND  CAPACITIES  AS  APPLIED  TO  CUPOLAS. 


No.    of 

Blower 

Square 
Inches 
Blast 

Diameter 
Inside  of 
Cupola,     in 
Inches 

Pressure  in 
Ounces 

Speed-  No. 
of  Revs. 

per  Minute 

Melting 
Capacity 
in   Lbs. 
per  Hour 

Cubic   Feet 
of  Air       Pressure  in 
Required        Ounces 
per   Minute 

Speed-  No. 
of  Revs, 
per  Minute 

Melting 
Capacity 
in   Lbs. 
per  Hour 

. 
Cubic   Feet 
of  Air 
Required 
per   Minute 

4 

4 

20 

8 

4732 

1545 

666             9 

5030 

1647 

717 

5 

6              25                  8 

4209              2321               773            10 

4726            2600 

867 

6 

8 

30                   8 

3660              3093              951             10 

4108 

3671 

1067 

7 

14 

35 

8 

3244 

4218             1486            10 

3642            4777 

1668 

8 

18 

40 

8 

2948 

5425 

2199            10 

3310             6082 

2469 

9 

26 

45 

10 

2785 

7818 

3203            12 

3260            8598 

3523 

10 

36 

55 

10 

2195             11295            4938            12 

2413           12378 

5431 

11 

45 

65 

12 

1952 

16955 

7707            14 

2116           18357 

8358 

\\y2 

55 

72                12 

1647            22607           10276            14 

1797 

25176 

11144 

12 

75 

84 

12 

1625            25836 

11744            14 

1775 

28019 

12736 

Buffalo  Steel  Pressure  Blowers, 

Blast  Wheel  with  Shaft  and  Pulleys. 


Engraved  Direct  from  Photograph. 


222 


Buffalo  Steel   Pressure  Blowers, 

Application  to  Forge  Fires. 


THE  proper  dimensions  of  blast  pipes  are  essential  if  the  maximum  efficiency  of  any  blower  is  to 
be  secured.     Blast  gates  should  be  employed  at  each  forge,  for  regulating  the  amount  of  air 
delivered,  and  for  entirely  closing  off  the  blast  when  not  needed.     Where  Buffalo  Stationary 
Forges  are  employed,  the  purchase  of  separate  blast  gates  is  not  necessitated,  as  a  blast  gate   is 
attached  to  and  furnished  with  each  machine.     All  elbows  and  bends  in  the  main  or  branch  pipes 
should  be  made  upon  easy  curves,  and  the  branches  should  enter  the  main  pipe  in  the  direction  of 
the    blower.     Piping  drawings  are  furnished,  wherever  desired,  with  every  Buffalo  Steel  Pressure 
Blower  sold,  provided  a  detailed  sketch  of  the  premises  in  which  the  machine  is  to  operate  is  supplied. 
For  tables  showing  necessary  increase  in  diameter  for  different  lengths  of  blast  pipes,  and  for 
equalizing  diameter  of  pipes,  see  pages  in  back  of  catalogue.     The  table  exhibiting  horse-power  and 
pressure  required  to  overcome  friction  of  air  passing  through  pipes,  and  indicating  necessary  increased 
speed  of  blower,  also  appears  here.     Buffalo  Steel  Pressure  Blowers  are  used  for  a   multitude  of 
purposes  outside  of  furnishing  blast  for  cupola  furnaces  and  forge  fires.     The  following  table  of  speeds, 
pressures  and  air  deliveries  may  be  followed  for  miscellaneous  applications. 

TABLE  OF  SPEEDS  AND  CAPACITIES  FOR  FORGE    FIRES. 


4-OUNCE 

PRESSURE 

5-OUNCE 

PRESSURE 

6-OUNCE 

PRESSURE 

7-OUNCE 

DRESSURE 

No.  of 
Blower 

No.  of 
Forges, 
Ordinary 

Size 

Speed 
—No.  of 
Revolutions 
per   Minute 

5933 

Cubic  Feet 
of  Air  per 
Minute 

Speed 
—No.  of 
Revolutions 
per  Minute 

Speed 
—No.  of 
Revolu- 
tions per 
Minute 

Cubic  Feet 
of  Air  per 
Minute 

Speed 
—No.  of 
Revolu- 
tions per 
Minute 

Cubic   Feet 
of  Air  per 
Minute 

Cubic   Feet 
of  Air  per 
Minute 

2 

4 

4825 

336. 

5405 

369.6 

403.2 

6422 

436.8 

3 

5 

3977 

493.5 

4456 

522.85 

4892 

592.2 

5256 

641.55 

4 

6 

3318 

560. 

3718 

616. 

4081 

672. 

4417 

728. 

5 

7 

2952 

686. 

3317 

754.6 

3630 

823.2 

3929 

891.8 

6 

9 

2556 

831.25 

2864 

914.37 

3156 

997.5 

3170 

1074.6 

7 

13 

2275 

1252.3 

2547 

1377.5 

2798 

1502.7 

3028 

1627.9 

8 

18 

2067 

1559.45   , 

2118 

1747.2 

2543 

1897.8 

2752 

2075.7 

9 

26 

1850 

2013.14 

2073 

2255.6 

2276 

2476.8 

2464 

2669.6 

10 

38 

1371 

3096.3 

1668 

3469.3 

1686 

3808.1 

1825 

4121.6 

11 

60 

1108 

4168. 

1240 

4670. 

1363 

5126. 

1500 

5548. 

tl# 

92 

960 

5835. 

1051 

6538. 

1160 

7176. 

1250 

7768. 

12 

98 

900 

6870. 

1000 

7705. 

1100 

8457. 

1200 

8876. 

Journal  Bearings,  Oil  Ring  Type. 


Sectional  View,  Fig.   i. 


End  View,  Fig.  2. 


224 


Buffalo  Steel   Pressure  Blowers, 

For  Cupola  Furnaces  and  Forge  Fires. 


BLAST  WHEELS. — On  page  222  we  illustrate  the  form  of  blast  wheel,  with  its  accompanying 
shaft  and  pulleys,  that  is  employed  for  Buffalo  Steel  Pressure  Blowers.  In  the  construction  of  these 
wheels,  the  highest  degree  of  mechanical  skill  and  nicety  is  called  into  play.  They  are  made 
of  the  best  composition  bronze  and  homogeneous  patented  leveled  steel,  rolled  thin,  but  always  to  a 
standard,  and  especially  for  us.  The  process  in  use  at  our  works  for  securing  an  accurate  balance 
has  been  adopted  after  years  of  experiments,  and  is  the  only  system  whereby  we  have  found  it  is 
possible  to  bring  the  center  of  gravity  in  a  rapidly  rotating  body  to  exactly  coincide  with  its  mechani- 
cal center.  Every  wheel  is  tested  thoroughly  before  leaving  the  works,  and  made  to  run  smoothly 
without  appreciable  vibration,  at  25  per  cent,  higher  speed  than  required  in  actual  use.  The  making 
of  these  wheels  involves  the  greatest  care  and  fineness  of  anything  about  the  steel  pressure  blowers. 
The  fact  that  we  have  so  systematized  their  construction  as  to  render  it  unnecessary  to  employ 
numerous  patch  pieces  or  weights  in  securing  a  perfect  metalline  counterpoise,  which  is  commonly 
done  by  other  manufacturers,  clearly  indicates  that  the  entire  construction  and  design  of  these 
machines  have  been  brought  to  a  fine  point. 

BUFFALO  OIL  RING  BEARINGS  were  first  used  on  the  steel  pressure  blowers,  which  usually 
run  at  a  very  high  speed,  and  proving  so  eminently  suited  for  this  service,  they  have  been  adopted 
with  slight  variation  on  all  blowers  and  exhausters  of  our  manufacture.  The  cuts  on  page  224  also 
illustrate  the  bearing  employed  for  Buffalo  "  B  "  Volume  Blowers  and  Exhaust  Fans. 

In  Fig.  1  it  will  be  seen  that  the  lower  half  of  the  bearing  has  an  oil  chamber  through  which 
the  oil  ring  passes.  It  revolves  when  the  shaft  is  in  motion,  and  conveys  the  oil  from  this  chamber 
to  the  shaft,  from  which  it  is  distributed  by  means  of  chamfered  edges  the  full  length  of  the  bearing. 
The  surplus  oil  then  passes  to  the  recesses  at  the  end  of  the  bearing,  where  it  is  then  returned  by 
means  of  the  channels  to  the  oil  chamber.  By  this  method  a  positive  feed  is  obtained,  and  the  oil 
supply  being  regulated  by  the  speed  of  the  shaft,  it  is  impossible  for  the  bearing  to  heat  while  there 
is  oil  in  the  chamber.  Another  feature  of  this  bearing  is  that  a  peculiar  rattling  of  the  ring  occurs 
when  the  oil  is  nearly  consumed ;  this  gives  warning  before  the  bearing  is  actually  suffering  from 
lack  of  oil,  for  it  will  run  for  quite  a  time  after  this  rattling  begins  without  injury.  No  oil  cups  are 
necessary,  as  one  filling  of  chamber  will  do  from  two  weeks  to  two  months,  depending  upon  the  speed 
and  number  of  hours  the  blower  is  run  each  day. 

OILING  AND  CLEANING. — To  fill  oil  chamber,  remove  plug  "  A  ";  after  filling,  replace. 
When  good  oil  is  used,  ordinarily  it  will  not  be  necessary  to  renew  oftener  than  once  a  month.  No 
other  attention  is  required,  as  the  ring  carries  the  oil  to  bearing  as  long  as  any  remains  in  the  chamber. 
By  the  bibb  cock  "  B,"  the  oil  may  readily  be  removed  from  the  chamber,  should  it  become  thick 
by  continuous  use  or  dirt.  After  this  is  taken  out,  the  bibb  cock  should  be  closed  and  the  chamber 
filled  with  a  strong  solution  of  sal  soda,  allowing  it  to  remain  for  an  hour  ;  then  remove  plug  "  C," 
open  up  bibb  cock  and  rinse  thoroughly  with  hot  water  through  plug  "  A."  Replace  plug  "  C,"  close 
bibb  cock  and  refill  the  bearing.  A  cleaning  of  this  nature  is  seldom  required  using  good  oil. 

225 


Buffalo  Steel  Pressure   Blowers, 


Countershaft  with  Double  Driving  Pulleys. 


Also  Furnished  with  Tight  and  Loose  Pulleys. 


226 


Buffalo  Steel  Pressure   Blowers, 


Countershafts  with  Single  and  Double  Driving  Pulleys. 


ON  THE  opposite  page  we  illustrate  the  Buffalo  Improved  Countershafts,  which  are  especially 
designed  for  use  in  connection  with  Buffalo  Steel  Pressure  Blowers.  Steel  shafts  are 

employed,  and  accurately  turned  to  a  given  size.  The  diameters  vary  according  to  the  duty 
of  the  countershaft,  as  will  be  observed,  and  the  pulleys  are  also  properly  proportioned  for  the  strain 
necessitated  in  driving  the  various  sizes  -of  Buffalo  Steel  Pressure  Blowers.  All  portions  of  the 
countershaft  are  made  of  the  best  material.  It  will  be  noticed  that  the  pulley  from  which  the  coun- 
tershaft receives  its  motion  from  the  main  line,  is  located  between  the  two  large  pulleys  which  drive 
the  blower,  unless  the  countershaft  is  ordered  with  tight  and  loose  pulleys ;  then  both  are  located 
either  on  the  right  or  left  side  of  the  blower  driving  pulleys,  as  there  is  not  sufficient  room  between 
for  the  extra  pulley.  By  arranging  the  pulleys  in  this  manner,  which  is  also  employed  for  the  Buffalo 
Steel  Pressure  Blowers  on  adjustable  bed  with  combined  countershaft,  a  minimum  amount  of  space 
is  consumed,  and  advantage  is  derived  from  supplying  the  power  in  the  most  direct  manner.  The 
pulleys  on  these  countershafts  are  as  light  as  is  consistent  with  ample  strength,  are  carefully  balanced 
and  the  boxes  are  well  babbitted  and  have  the  usual  attachment  of  large  oil  drips. 

The  detailed  dimensions  of  regular  countershafts  for  steel  pressure  blowers  may  be  secured 
by  reference  to  the  cut  and  table  on  page  229.  These  countershafts  are  especially  adapted  for  any 
service,  and,  being  sold  at  a  nominal  figure,  they  are  widely  used  for  transmitting  power  from  the 
main  line  to  various  machines  other  than  blowers  and  exhausters. 

In  ordering  or  making  inquiry  as  to  cost  of  specially  arranged  countershafts,  always  mention  the 
speed  of  main  line  of  shafting  and  the  largest  pulley  which  can  be  used  thereon.  In  nearly  all  cases. 
it  is  desirable  to  get  as  much  speed  as  possible  from  the  main  line  shafting,  and  to  use  as  large  a 
pulley  as  possible  on  the  countershaft  for  main  belt.  Tight  and  loose  pulleys  may  be  furnished  on  these 
countershafts  at  a  small  additional  price,  where  desired. 

COUNTERSHAFT  PRICE  LIST.  SIZES  AND  DIMENSIONS. 


Number  of  Steel 
Pressure  Blower 

Diameter  of  Pulley 
Driving  Blower 

Diameter  of  Pulley 
Driven  by  Main  Belt 
from  Line  Shaft 

Diameter  of  Shaft 

Price  with  One 
Driving  Pulley 

Price  with  Two 
Driving  Pulleys 

1 

12 

4 

H 

$  8.00 

2 

14 

5 

i 

10.00 

3 

16 

6 

w 

12.00 

4 

18 

7 

IX 

16.00 

5 

21 

8 

1# 

20.00 

6 

26 

9 

\H 

25.00 

7 

30 

10 

W* 

30.00 

$  35.00 

8 

32 

12 

2 

40.00 

45.00 

9 

36 

14 

2^ 

50.00 

60.00 

10 

40 

16 

2^ 

70.00 

80.00 

11 

42 

17 

2% 

80.00 

90.00 

lltf 

44 

18 

3 

90.00 

100.00 

12 

44 

18 

3 

100.00 

110.00 

227 


Buffalo  Steel  Pressure  Blowers, 

Countershaft  with  Single  Driving  Pulley. 


Also  Furnished  with  Tight  and  Loose  Pulleys. 


228 


Buffalo  Steel  Pressure  Blowers, 

Countershafts  with  Single  and  Double  Driving  Pulleys. 


TirT         j- 

U 

1- 

I 

lt~3, 

i 

j 

HP  »•  f 

< 

c 

°  ft 

;  D  

f  —  b  —  ; 

TABLE  OF  PRINCIPAL  DIMENSIONS—  IN  INCHES. 

No.  of 
Coun-          SLA 
tershaft 

B 

C 

D 

E 

- 

F 

G 

H 

K 

No.  of 
Steel 
Pressure 
Blower 

1                7/s           \9%             4             3                12 

6^ 

15)4    '      4 

# 

1 

2              1              2\y2             5 

3^ 

14 

2 

K 

8X         17X 

4 

1 

2 

3             1#     |     23>i             6 

4 

16 

2, 

tf 

9X 

18^ 

4 

1>^ 

3 

4             IX          26X             7            4^ 

18 

3 

9X 

21^ 

4^ 

1)4 

4 

5             1#     ;     27^             8 

4^ 

21 

3 

10M" 

22)4 

5 

i¥          5 

6            1#         31                9 

5 

26 

3, 

^ 

12Js 

25X 

5>4 

2                6 

7            !#         39^           10 

5X           30 

4 

i/ 

15# 

33X 

6 

13tf 

2X 

7 

8            2             44               12 

6              32 

4 

54 

16X         37X          6)4 

I5# 

2^             8 

9            2X          48)4           14 

6              36 

5 

18^ 

41X         7 

16# 

2^             9 

10             2)4          52)4           16 

8 

40 

5 

^4 

20^ 

44^         7>4 

19 

3               10 

11             2^          62               17 

10 

42 

6 

i/ 

23)4 

51             9 

22^          3               11 

11)4         3             73X           18 

12 

44 

7 

23)4         64             9 

24X          3X           H^ 

12            3             76^           18 

12 

44 

8 

23^ 

67             9 

24^          3X           12 

Nos.  1  to  6,  inclusive,  have  but  one  pulley ;  Nos.  7  to  12  have  two  pulleys. 


229 


Buffalo  Blast   Gates, 

For  Opening,  Closing  and  Regulating  Blast  in  Air  Pipes. 


Lever  Pattern,  Cast  Iron  Shell,  Slide  of 
Heavy  Steel    Plate. 


Slide  Pattern,  Cast  Iron  Shell,  Slide 
of  Heavy  Steel  Plate. 


230 


Buffalo  Improved  Blast  Gates, 


Slide  and  Lever    Patterns. 


THESE  devices  are  especially  designed  for  opening,  closing  and  regulating  the  blast  in  air  con- 
veying pipes  for  various  duties.  They  are  chiefly  used  in  connection  with  Buffalo  Steel 

Pressure  and  "  B  "  Volume  Blowers  in  piping  systems  for  cupolas,  forges,  furnaces,  pneumatic 
tube  systems,  emery  and  other  similar  exhaust  outfits.  They  are  occasionally  used  for  the  smaller 
branches  in  shaving  exhaust  equipments  and  the  fan  system  of  heating  and  ventilating.  Ordinary 
galvanized  iron  slides,  however,  are  most  widely  used  in  the  two  latter  instances. 

Customers  are  afforded  the  choice  of  two  forms  of  gates,  /'.  e.,  the  slide  and  lever  types,  the 
former  always  being  sent  in  the  absence  of  specific  instructions.  The  size  indicates  outside  diameter 
of  the  collar  of  the  gate  where  the  pipes  slide  on.  Sizes  from  two  to  six  inches  inclusive,  of  the  slide 
pattern  are  made  exactly  as  shown  in  cut.  From  eight  inches  upwards,  they  are  made  in  two  por- 
tions and  bolted  together  with  the  slide  in  between. 

CUPOLAS. — A  blast  gate  should  always  be  located  in  the  main  pipe  leading  to  the  cupola,  in 
order  to  regulate  the  blast.  The  gate  is  also  a  safeguard  against  gas  explosions,  which  often  occur 
from  an  accumulation  during  the  temporary  stoppage  of  the  blower.  The  gate  should  be  closed 
before  stopping  the  blower,  and  not  opened  until  it  is  again  started. 

FORGES  AND  FURNACES. — A  blast  gate  should  be  used  at  each  forge  and  furnace,  not  only 
as  a  safeguard,  but  for  controlling  the  amount  of  blast  supplied.  Piping  in  forge  exhaust  outfits  should 
be  of  heavy  gauges. 

EXHAUST  OUTFITS — Whether  for  removing  smoke,  for  handling  shavings,  emery  dust,  or 
any  similar  refuse  material,  a  gate  should  be  provided  in  each  branch,  so  that  when  not  in  use  it  may 
be  closed.  In  some  planing  mill  exhaust  outfits,  a  fan  is  selected  which  has  not  sufficient  capacity 
to  handle  the  refuse  from  all  the  wood-working  machinery  when  running  at  the  same  time  ;  therefore, 
by  closing  off  the  branches  not  in  use,  the  draft  to  other  pipes  increases.  Special  attention  is  directed 
to  the  fact  that  the  use  of  these  gates,  to  close  such  pipes  as  are  not  in  continual  use,  ensures  great 
economy  in  power,  for  a  blower  or  exhauster  consumes  much  less  when  it  is  handling  no  more  air 
than  is  actually  required  to  accomplish  a  given  service. 

PRICE  LIST,  WITH  SIZES. 


Size 

Material                                Price 

Size                                  Material                               Price 

2  -  in 

2/2        ' 

3 
4 
5- 
6 

8 

:h 

Cast  iron  with  steel  sli 

de          $1.00 
1.25 
1.50 
2.00 
2.25 
2:50 
3.50 

10-in 
12 
14 
16 
18 
20 
24 

ch           Cast  iron  with  steel  slide          $  5.00 
"       '  6.50 

•<•                I.                  II                  It 

8.00 

"                12.00 
"       "       "       "        "                16.00 

18.00 

21.00 

231 


Buffalo  Electric  Blowers  and  Exhausters, 


"  B  "  Volume  Type,  with  Lundell    Motor. 


Right  Hand  Bottom  Horizontal  Discharge. 


232 


Buffalo   Electric   Blowers  and   Exhausters, 

"B"  and  Steel  Pressure  Types. 


THE  Buffalo  Steel  Pressure,  also  "  B  "  Volume  Blowers  and  Exhausters,  may  be  furnished  with 
electric  motors  connected  to  the  fan  shafts.  Electric  fans  are  unrivaled  in  their  adaptability 

to  varied  classes  of  work  and  locations.  To  start  or  stop  is  simply  a  matter  of  moving  a  switch 
or  pushing  a  button,  according  to  the  arrangement.  No  engines  or  belts  are  required,  and  they  are 
always  ready  for  immediate  use.  The  fans  may  be  set  up  in  any  position  without  affecting  the 
running  of  the  motor.  They  may  be  located  to  discharge  or  exhaust  from  any  desired  direction, 
which  entails  the  least  complication  of  pipe  connections. 

All  types  of  fans  built  by  this  house  can  be  readily  fitted  and  furnished  with  direct-attached 
electric  motors,  though,  in  the  case  of  large  steel  plate  fans,  it  is  usually  more  desirable  to  employ 
an  independent  motor  conveniently  located,  and  then  belt  to  the  fan.  All  the  fans  supplied  are  of 
standard  high  grade,  but  are  especially  designed  to  receive  the  motors.  Extended  co-operation  with 
the  foremost  manufacturers  of  electric  motors,  in  the  application  and  introduction  of  electric  blowers 
and  exhausters,  has  led  to  the  production  of  a  number  of  special  designs  adapted  to  a  wide  variety  of 
conditions  and  uses.  The  highest  efficiency  and  convenience  are  afforded  by  the  latest  combinations. 
The  electric  blowers  are  capable  of  continuous  use  with  only  ordinary  attention.  For  ventilating 
work,  these  fans  have  found  wide  favor,  and  may  be  employed  in  a  multitude  of  positions  where  the 
introduction  of  an  engine  and  boiler  required  to  derive  the  power  for  driving  other  varieties  of  fans 
would  be  impossible.  All  that  is  needed  is  a  wire  connection  with  a  power  circuit,  and  the  fan  is 
ready  for  operation.  Electric  fans  may  be  driven  at  a  high  speed,  therefore  they  are  of  large  capacity. 

Buffalo  Steel  Pressure  Blowers  are  very  frequently  furnished  with  electric  motors  attached 
direct  to  the  shaft.  It  is  very  often  desirable,  especially  in  the  larger  sizes,  to  arrange  the  combina- 
tion of  steel  pressure  blower  and  motor  substantially  as  shown  on  page  218,  substituting  the  motor 
for  the  engine.  By  properly  proportioning  the  pulleys  on  countershafts,  any  pressure  required  for 
ordinary  duty  can  be  given  while  the  motor  is  making  its  regular  speed. 

For  blowing  church  organs,  the  Buffalo  Electric  Fans  combine  convenience  and  efficiency 
in  the  highest  degree.  The  unreliability  of  water  motors,  due  not  only  to  the  variations  of  water 
pressure,  but  to  their  tendency  to  be  continually  out  of  order,  is  entirely  done  away  with.  It  is  not 
frequent  that  steam  power  is  available  in  a  church,  and  even  in  this  event,  electric  organ  blowers  are 
so  far  in  advance  of  this  manner  of  propulsion  as  to  afford  no  room  for  comparison.  The  operation 
of  the  machine  is  under  positive  and  most  complete  control  of  the  organist.  In  making  inquiries  or 
asking  for  prices,  a  complete  description  of  the  desired  work  to  be  accomplished  should  be  furnished. 
If  an  electric  steel  pressure  blower  is  wanted  for  cupolas  or  forge  fires,  the  diameter  and  name  of 
maker  of  the  former  should  be  given,  together  with  the  distance  the  blower  will  set  from  the  cupola, 
and  if  for  the  latter,  the  number  of  fires  should  be  mentioned,  as  well  as  the  relative  position  of  the 
blower  thereto.  Send  a  drawing  to  scale  of  the  entire  layout.  The  voltage  of  the  current  under 
which  the  machine  is  to  operate,  invariably  should  be  mentioned.  In  ordering  organ  blowers,  state 
the  number  of  manuals,  name  of  maker  of  organ,  size  of  bellows  and  number  of  stops. 

233 


Buffalo  Electric  Blowers  and  Exhausters, 

"B"  Volume  Type,  with  General    Electric  Co.  Motor. 


Right  Hand  Bottom  Horizontal  Discharge,  Motor  Side. 


234 


Buffalo  Electric  Blowers  and  Exhausters, 

"B"  Volume  Type,  with  General  Electric  Co.  Motor. 


Right  Hand  Bottom  Horizontal  Discharge,  Inlet  Side. 


235 


Buffalo  "B"    Volume  Blower, 

For  Boilers,  Heating  Furnaces,  Forges,  etc. 


Right  Hand  Bottom  Horizontal  Discharge. 


236 


Buffalo  "B"  Volume  Blowers, 

For  Boilers,  Heating  Furnaces,  Forges,  etc. 


THIS  type  is  especially  adapted  for  work  requiring  large  volumes  of  air  at  moderate  pressures. 
For  blowing  forge  fires,  puddling  furnaces,  heating  furnaces  and  supplying  draft  to  steam 

boilers  they  are  universally  employed.  In  the  Southern  sugar  industries,  their  use  in  conjunction 
with  bagasse  furnaces  is  indispensable.  Large  quantities  are  supplied  each  season  to  meet  the 
increased  demand  for  blowers  for  this  service.  For  forced  draft  under  stationary  boilers,  singly  or  in 
batteries,  these  fans  were  originally  applied  and  have  steadily  grown  in  favor.  They  are  as  well 
suited  for  burning  one  variety  of  fuel  as  another,  though  the  size  for  a  given  amount  of  grate  surface 
depends  somewhat  upon  the  nature  of  the  fuel  being  consumed,  which  should  always  be  referred 
to  in  ordering.  The  Buffalo  "  B  "  Blowers  are  regularly  employed  with  the  various  patented  grates 
and  stokers  now  on  the  market  requiring  forced  draft. 

For  power  plants  where  large  batteries  of  boilers  are  employed,  requiring  a  blower  of 
greater  capacity  than  secured  in  the  largest  Buffalo  "  B  "  Volume  type,  and  where  it  is  not  desirable 
to  apply  two  or  more  machines  of  sufficient  combined  capacity,  we  build  a  line  of  the  special  steel 
plate  fans  of  sufficient  single  capacity. 

Buffalo  "  B  "  Volume  Blowers  have  been  introduced  into  gas  works  with  pre-eminent  success. 
Attention  is  called  to  the  patented  journal  bearings  employed  upon  these  blowers,  which  are  illustrated 
by  the  engraving  on  page  224.  In  the  cut  of  Buffalo  "  B  "  Volume  Blower,  on  the  opposite  page,  the 
improved  form  of  bearing  is  shown.  Up  blast,  or  special  discharge  blowers,  as  illustrated  on  page 
244,  cost  10  per  cent,  in  advance  of  regular,  as  extra  material  and  time  are  consumed  in  their  manu- 
facture. No  special  discharge  blowers  exchanged.  For  table  of  detailed  dimensions,  see  page  239. 
Countershafts  for  "  B  "  blowers  and  exhausters  are  shown  and  priced  on  pages  254  and  255. 

GUARANTEE. — Buffalo  "  B  "  Volume  or  Fan  Blowers  are  guaranteed  to  be  built  of  the  best 
material  and  workmanship,  in  a  thoroughly  workmanlike  manner,  to  run  with  minimum  power,  to  be 
more  durable,  to  be  so  proportioned  as  to  give  the  greatest  amount  of  blast  and  air  obtainable  in  a  given 
size,  and  to  be  sold  at  lower  prices  for  the  same  size  and  capacity,  than  those  of  any  other  manufacture. 

PRICE  LIST,  SIZES  AND  DIMENSIONS  "B"   BLOWERS. 


No.  of  Blower 

Height,  in  Inches 

Outside  Diameter  of 
Outlet 

PULLEYS 

Price 

Diameter 

Face 

OOOB 

14# 

4^ 

2^ 

2% 

$    15.00 

1    B 

15* 

5 

3 

2/2 

20.00 

2    B 

20^ 

6 

3# 

2^ 

25.00 

3    B 

25 

7^ 

4 

3X 

33.00 

4    B 

29 

9 

5 

4 

44.00 

5    B 

32 

io# 

5^ 

4^ 

55.00 

6    B 

37^ 

12 

6^ 

5/2 

70.00 

7    B 

43 

14 

7J^ 

(>l/2 

90.CO 

8    B 

48 

16* 

8^ 

7* 

150.00 

9    B 

55 

18 

9^ 

Ql/2 

200.00 

10    B 

68 

21 

12 

10 

250.00 

11    B 

79 

24 

14 

12 

350.00 

237 


Buffalo  "B"  Volume  Blower, 

With  Overhung  Pulleys. 


With  or  without  Adjustable  Bed  and  Countershaft.     Cut  Shows  the  Construction 

Form  of  No.   11  Size  Only. 


238 


Buffalo  "B"  Volume  Blowers, 


For  Boilers,  Heating  Furnaces,  Forges,  etc. 


TABLE  OF  PRINCIPAL  DIMENSIONS— IN    INCHES. 


No. 

A 

B 

C 

D 

E 

G 

H 

I 

J 

L 

M 

N 

SIZE  OF 

PULLEY 

WEIGHT 

Diameter 

Face 

Not 
Packed 

Packed 

000 

9^ 

7/8 

4^ 

4/2 

15 

5 

7X 

3X 

14/2 

7 

3/2 

11 

2% 

2X 

44 

75 

1          \0/& 

8>4     3^ 

5 

17/8 

5/2     7/2\    3% 

15% 

9 

4 

12 

3 

2/2 

66 

95 

2         12% 

iox 

4# 

6       19X     7 

8/2 

3~/s 

20% 

11 

5       13 

3% 

2% 

75 

115 

3         16 

12# 

6^ 

7X  2*5/     9>^ 

12 

5/2 

25 

11% 

5%   \5/2 

4 

3X 

165 

250 

4 

20^ 

13X 

9% 

Q 

27X 

\2% 

15X 

6 

29 

12% 

7/2    16# 

5 

4 

210 

275 

5        20^ 

16X     7%  \\0/2  \3l/2   16X 

18        6% 

32 

14 

7y2  \%/2 

5% 

4/2 

275 

335 

6        27X    18%   11^   12 

38       15 

17 

7 

37X 

15# 

OT^ 

\9/2 

6/2 

5/2 

357 

420 

7        30 

20% 

12% 

14 

42       16 

18 

9 

43 

13 

/^- 

23%\       7/2 

6/2 

515 

585 

8 

34^ 

23^ 

13X 

16^ 

47       18 

20 

9/2 

48 

13% 

12/2 

26/2        8/2 

7/2 

640 

720 

9 

43X 

28 

18# 

18 

55^ 

20/2 

23 

nx 

55 

\5% 

14^ 

29/2        9/2 

8/2 

1035 

1100 

10 

44j^ 

31 

19# 

21 

65^  21 

24 

13X 

68 

19 

\8/2 

33X 

12 

10 

1500          1620 

11 

54/2 

36 

24 

24 

73 

25 

28 

17 

79 

19X 

23 

43#      14 

12 

2500 

2575 

The  above  represents  a  blower  with  pulley  on  the  right  hand  side,  as  usually  made.     We  can 
furnish  these  blowers  left  hand  to  order,  on  short  notice,  and  the  regular  machines  from  stock. 


239 


Buffalo  "B1    Volume  Blower, 

For  Boilers,  Heating  Furnaces,  Forges,  etc. 


Right  Hand  Bottom  Horizontal  Discharge  Blower,  on  Adjustable  Bed. 


240 


Buffalo  "B"  Volume  Blowers, 

Adjustable  Bed  with  and  without  Countershaft  and  Engine  Arrangements. 


ADJUSTABLE  BED.  The  engraving  opposite  illustrates  the  usual  arrangement  of  "B"  volume 
blowers  on  adjustable  bed.  The  telescopic  outlet  and  tightening  screw  make  it  possible  to  bring  any 
required  tension  upon  the  belt  while  the  blower  is  running.  The  blowers  may  be  furnished  either  right 
or  left  hand.  Other  discharge  than  bottom  horizontal  involves  special  construction.  The  piping  for 
such  blowers  must  be  provided  with  an  adjustable  connection  between  the  blower  and  the  main  pipe. 

ADJUSTABLE  BED  AND  COUNTERSHAFT  COMBINED.  This  arrangement  is  even  more  con- 
venient and  desirable  than  the  one  previously  described,  as  the  countershaft  is  placed  upon  the  same 
"T"  iron  frame  bed.  The  belt  between  the  blower  and  the  counter  then  tracks  evenly  and  runs  smoothly 
at  all  times.  This  type  affords  a  great  saving  in  belts,  and  prevents  striking  against  the  sides  of  blow- 
er. To  loosen  the  holding-down  bolts,  give  the  nut  on  the  end  of  the  adjusting  screw  a  few  turns, 
requires  but  a  moment's  time,  accomplishes  the  same  result  as  relacing  the  belts,  and  is  far  bet- 
ter. The  telescopic  mouth-piece  permits  the  blower  to  be  moved  upon  the  bed  without  disarrange- 
ment of  the  blast  piping.  The  blower  may  be  furnished  in  this  manner  either  right  or  left  hand. 

ADJUSTABLE  BED.  COUNTERSHAFT  AND  ENGINE  COMBINED.  In  this  the  complete  plant 
is  obtained.  No  illustration  or  table  of  dimensions  is  given.  The  wide  variety  of  uses  for  which 
the  Buffalo  "B"  Volume  Blowers  are  employed  necessitates  different  engine  types.  The  double  up- 
right enclosed  automatic  engine  running  in  oil  is  by  all  odds  the  best  for  high  pressures  and  speeds. 
The  working  parts  are  entirely  enclosed  against  dust  and  grit.  Under  sustained  high  speeds  these 
outfits  invariably  give  the  highest  satisfaction.  The  double  single-acting  engines  are  used  for  mod- 
erately high  pressures.  These  engines  are  also  enclosed  and  run  in  oil.  For  moderate  velocities  and 
light  work  the  single  upright  engine  is  employed.  Either  the  Class  "A"  form,  running  in  oil,  or  the 
Class  "B,"  not  running  in  oil,  but  with  the  usual  sight-feed  oil  cup  trimmings,  may  be  supplied.  In  all 
the  above  cases  throttling  or  automatic  governors  may  be  furnished,  as  preferred.  Ordinarily  the 
automatic  governor  is  used.  Full  details  of  these  engine  constructions  may  be  found  in  our  sectional 
engine  catalogue.  Blue  prints  of  any  desired  arrangement  forwarded  on  application. 

PRICE  LIST  OF  BUFFALO  "B"  BLOWERS,  ON  ADJUSTABLE  BEDS,  WITH  AND 
WITHOUT  COUNTERSHAFTS. 


p 

No.  of  Blower 

Outside  Diameter 
of  Outlet, 
in  Inches 

ruLLEYS 

Price  with  Bed, 
but  without  Countershaft 

Price  with  Bed 
and  with  Countershaft 

Diameter, 
in  Inches 

Face, 
in  Inches 

5  B 

10# 

$X 

4/2 

$100.00 

$135.00 

6  B 

12 

6/^ 

130.00 

175.00 

7  B 

14 

7^ 

6/2 

170.00 

230.00 

8  B 

\6'/2 

8/2 

265.00 

350.00 

9  B 

18 

9/4 

8/2 

380.00 

500.00 

10  B 

21 

12 

10 

475.00 

625.00 

11  B 

24 

14 

12 

550.00 

700.00 

241 


Buffalo  "B'    Volume  Blowers, 

Application  to  Steam  Boilers. 


Overhead  Main  Blast  Pipe,  with  Branches  to  Each  Boiler. 

THE  Buffalo  "B"  Blowers  are   regularly  used  with  all   leading  patented   grates   and   stokers 
requiring  forced  draft.     The  above  engraving  illustrates  a  common  (and  ofttimes   the  most 

convenient)  manner  of  applying  Buffalo  "  B  "  Volume  Blowers  for  blowing  steam  boiler  fires. 
The  main  blast  pipe  leading  from  the  blower  is  carried  above  the  boiler,  and  a  separate  connection 
to  each  is  made  substantially  as  shown,  with  a  blast  gate  in  each  branch  to  regulate  the  supply  of  air. 
The  air  is  best  introduced  under  the  grates  through  the  bridge  wall,  with  Buffalo  Cast  Iron  Regulating 
Dampers,  or  into  the  ash  pit  with  properly  arranged  doors. 

Another  arrangement  often  employed,  is  to  locate  the  blast  pipe  or  duct  underground,  in  front 
of  the  boilers,  with  a  connection  to  each  boiler  and  a  Buffalo  Cast  Iron  Regulating  Damper.  Vitrified 
drain  pipes,  with  the  joints  smoothly  cemented  up  so  as  to  make  them  air  tight,  are  the  most  durable, 
and,  undoubtedly,  the  best  material  which  can  be  selected  for  underground  use.  In  some  arrange- 
ments for  forced  draft  duty,  special  ash  pit  dampers  are  employed,  but  in  all  instances,  the  object  is 
to  properly  distribute  the  air,  and  prevent  its  escape  in  large  volume  and  at  a  great  velocity  upon  any 
particular  portions  of  the  grates.  The  use  of  the  blast  gate  gives  perfect  control  of  the  amount  of  air 
supplied  for  each  boiler,  and  it  should  invariably  be  employed  in  each  branch  connection. 

In  many  locations,  very  high  chimneys  or  stacks  heretofore  have  been  necessary  to  ensure 
sufficient  draft,  and  by  the  use  of  a  blower  their  height  is  materially  reduced.  Existing  boilers  now 
in  operation  having  weak  draft,  may  have  the  combustion  readily  brought  up  to  the  highest  standard. 
The  blowers  are  adapted  for  burning  all  kinds  of  fuel.  Reference  to  the  tables  will  show  the  speeds 
and  power  required  for  given  areas  of  grate  surface,  upon  which  primarily  depends  the  size  of  blower. 


242 


Buffalo  "B"   Volume  Blowers, 

Application  to  Boiler  Fires,  Furnaces,  etc. 


THE  following  table,  used  in  conjunction  with  the  one  on  page  249,  giving  the  amount  of  air 
delivered  by  Buffalo  "  B "  Volume  Blowers  at  given  pressures  and  speeds,  will  enable 
purchasers  to  intelligently  select  the  size  suitable  for  their  requirements  for  blowing  boiler 
fires.  The  sizes  of  pipes  herewith  given  are  based  upon  a  velocity  therein  corresponding  to  pressures 
of  one  and  one  and  three-quarter  ounces  per  square  inch.  No  allowance  has  been  made  for  friction 
of  air  in  pipes,  hence  they  should  be  increased  in  size  in  proportion  to  their  lengths.  Reference  to 
the  table  of  "  Friction  of  Air  in  Pipes"  (see  back  of  catalogue),  will  at  once  show  the  sizes  of  pipe 
which  should  be  selected  for  any  situation.  The  sizes  of  blast  pipe  required,  given  in  table,  are  for 
one  furnace  only  ;  where  two  or  more  boilers  are  connected  and  supplied  with  blast  by  one  blower, 
the  size  of  main  pipe  required  may  be  obtained  by  a  further  reference  to  the  table  on  equalizing  the 
diameters  of  pipes. 

The  amount  of  air,  and  the  pressure  which  should  be  supplied  for  each  square  foot  of  grate 
surface  in  steam  boilers,  are  somewhat  dependent  upon  the  nature  of  the  fuel  being  consumed;  150 
cubic  feet  of  air  per  minute  will  suffice  for  average  requirements. 

Blast  gates  should  be  invariably  employed  in  conjunction  with  blowers  when  serving  either  for 
blowing  boiler  fires,  furnaces,  or  other  similar  uses.  Where  a  number  of  boilers  are  being  supplied 
with  draft  from  one  blower,  gates  should  be  placed  in  the  branch  pipes  which  lead  from  the  main  to 
each  boiler,  so  that  the  air  delivered  may  be  under  positive  control,  and  may  also  be  entirely  closed 
off  when  desired.  With  every  order  for  a  blower,  we  furnish  a  diagram  of  the  proper  pipe  connec- 
tions, if  requested  and  supplied  with  the  necessary  data  to  prepare  same.  Table  of  capacities  and 
speeds  for  forge  fires  will  be  found  on  page  249. 

BOILER  GRATE  SURFACE,  AMOUNTS  OF  AIR  AND   SIZES  OF  PIPES  REQUIRED. 


Number  Square  Feet 
of  Grate  Surface 

Cubic  Feet  of  Air 
to    be  Supplied 
per    Minute 

i_/i/\m  c,  i  c,i\    t*t*na  i      i   ire,    ixei^u  maw 

^-ounce 

K-ounce 

1  -ounce 

1  K-ounce 

2 

250 

3/2 

3^ 

3 

2^ 

4 

500 

5 

4% 

4^ 

4 

6 

750 

t>}4 

5% 

5X 

4^ 

8 

1000 

iy%              6^ 

6 

5% 

10 

1250 

8                              7^ 

6% 

6% 

12 

1500 

8%                        7>6 

7^2 

7 

14 

1750 

9^                          8^ 

8 

7/2 

16 

2000 

10^                          9^ 

8/2 

8 

18 

2250 

lO^f                         9^ 

9 

8l/2 

20 

2500 

n^l                 10^4 

9/4 

8% 

22 

2750 

11^                        10^ 

10                              9% 

24 

3000 

12^                        11>^ 

10X                           9^ 

26 

3250 

12%                        \\/2 

io#                 10 

28 

3500 

13^ 

12 

n  X                 io/^ 

30 

3750 

13^ 

12^ 

"^               io^r 

243 


Buffalo  "B"  Volume  Blowers  and  Exhausters, 

See  Pages  236  and  246  for  Improved  Form  of   Journals. 


Buffalo  "B"  Volume  Blower,  Right 
Hand  Up  Blast.     Fig.  i. 


Buffalo  "B"  Volume  Exhauster,  Right  Hand 

Up  Blast.     Fig.  2. 
244 


Buffalo  "B"  Volume  Blowers  and  Exhausters, 

Special  Machines,  Applications,  etc. 


THESE  machines  are  built  with  special  reference  to  durability  and  smooth  running  under  prolonged 
and  arduous  service.  The  journals  are  long  and  heavy,  and  those  of  the  exhausters  are 

supported  by  the  arm  with  planed  surfaces,  accurately  fitted  to  the  body  of  the  fan.  It  is 
impossible  for  the  bearing  to  be  otherwise  than  in  perfect  alignment  with  the  body  of  the  exhauster. 

The  Buffalo  "  B  "  Exhausters  are  built  to  withstand  the  action  of  acid  fumes,  and  the  wear 
of  grit  and  sand,  to  which  they  are  frequently  subjected  in  various  lines  of  manufacture.  Both 
bearings  are  on  one  side,  leaving  the  inlet  unobstructed.  Like  the  Buffalo  Steel  Pressure  Blowers, 
"  B  "  Volume  Blowers  and  Exhausters  are  built  with  a  solid  shell  to  which  the  center  plates  are 
fitted,  and  have  a  smaller  number  of  parts  than  any  others  made — an  important  point  everywhere 
recognized  in  all  high  speed  machinery. 

SPECIAL  DISCHARGE  BLOWERS  AND  EXHAUSTERS. — On  the  opposite  page,  we  illustrate 
two  up-blast  discharge  fans.  Fig.  1  shows  a  right  hand  blower.  They  are  also  furnished  in  top  and 
bottom  horizontal  and  down  discharge,  and  in  right  or  left  hand  in  any  of  these  styles.  This  adapts 
them  for  all  positions  and  kinds  of  work. 

In  Fig.  2  we  illustrate  a  Buffalo  "  B  "  Volume  Exhauster  with  pulley  on  the  right  hand,  and 
also  of  up-blast  discharge.  This  form  is  usually  the  most  desirable  when  a  "  B  "  volume  exhauster 
is  employed  to  remove  the  smoke  and  gases  from  forge  fires,  as  the  fumes  are  usually  delivered  to  a 
stack,  or  discharged  directly  upward  into  the  atmosphere  outside  of  the  factory. 

Buffalo  "  B"  Volume  Exhausters  are  especially  adapted  for  ventilating  small  apartments  of 
mines  and  underground  passages  ;  for  removing  the  smoke  and  gas  generated  in  blacksmith  shops, 
chemical  works,  etc.  They  are  built,  when  so  ordered,  with  copper  or  bronze  blast  wheels,  and  with 
the  shells  coated  inside  and  outside  with  asphaltum,  to  withstand  the  destructive  results  of  acid  fumes 
found  in  chemical  works,  sugar  refineries,  etc.,  dyeing  rooms  and  varnish  factories. 

For  removing  the  dust  from  emery  and  other  polishing  wheels,  buffing  machines,  sand  wheels 
and  similar  work,  Buffalo"  B  "Volume  Exhausters  stand  unrivaled  in  efficiency.  In  making  connec- 
tions to  hoods,  care  should  be  taken  that  there  are  no  low  places  in  the  pipes  where  the  heavy 
dust  can  lodge,  and  the  velocity  of  air  passing  into  the  pipes  must  be  great  enough  to  take  all  the 
dust  in  that  direction.  Provide  separate  fans  for  emery  and  buffing  wheels. 

In  many  lines  of  manufacture,  it  is  frequently  difficult  to  find  floor  space  wherein  a  blower  or 
exhauster  may  be  placed.  In  such  examples,  ofttimes  the  fan  may  be  located  overhead  or  near  the 
ceiling.  For  all  such  conditions,  special  fans  are  built  by  this  house,  which  at  once  adapts  them  to 
existing  conditions.  It  is  not  desirable  to  drive  a  blower  or  exhauster  by  a  crossed  belt,  as  it  runs 
from  a  large  to  a  small  pulley.  When  the  main  line  runs  in  a  direction  to  involve  a  crossed  belt 
with  a  certain  discharge,  by  simply  changing  the  discharge  of  the  tan,  an  open  belt  may  then  be  used. 
In  one  instance,  a  bottom  horizontal  discharge  fan  would  become  a  top  horizontal  discharge,  and  the 
reverse  in  the  other  case.  The  same  occurrence  takes  place  where  an  up  or  down  discharge  blower 
or  exhauster  is  employed,  by  simply  changing  the  hand  of  the  fan. 

245 


Buffalo  "B"  Volume  Exhauster, 

With  Overhung  Wheel. 


Right  Hand  Bottom  Horizontal  Discharge. 


246 


Buffalo  "B'    Volume  Exhausters, 

With  Overhung  Wheels. 


THE  engraving  on  the  opposite  page  illustrates  the   Buffalo  "  B  "  Volume   Exhaust  Fans  as  now 
built.     For  detailed  description  and  illustration  of  bearings,  see  pages  224  and  225,  where 

reference  is  made  to  Buffalo  Steel  Pressure  Blowers.  This  journal  is  the  latest  develop- 
ment in  blower  and  exhaust  fan  bearings,  and  far  excels  anything  yet  produced. 

'Buffalo  "  B  "  Volume  Exhaust  Fans,  for  removing  particles  from  emery  wheels,  are  universally 
employed.  On  page  250  will  be  found  a  practical  illustration  of  the  manner  in  which  connection  is 
made  to  a  row  of  polishing  spindles.  A  half-tone  cut  also  appears,  showing  an  adjustable  hood  for 
various  types  of  emery  and  other  wheels.  These  hoods  must  be  varied  in  form  for  special  wheels. 
The  hood  must  afford  adjustment  in  size  as  the  wheel  wears  away,  so  that  it  will  be  equally  efficient 
at  all  times  and  catch  all  the  dust. 

The  fine  leather  dust  produced  by  shoe  buffing  machines  is  readily  removed  by  these  exhaust- 
ers, and  in  many  instances  a  small  fan  is  provided  at  each  machine.  In  nearly  all  piping  systems, 
where  the  "  B  "  Volume  Exhausters  are  employed,  much  heavier  gauges  are  required  than  with 
types  of  exhausters  which  are  used  for  other  work,  for  the  reason  that  the  material  handled  is  of 
heavier  nature,  and  would  rapidly  wear  out  thin  pipes.  In. the  example  of  forge  smoke  exhaust 
equipments,  galvanized  iron  should  be  invariably  employed,  and  of  heavy  gauge,  to  resist  the  action 
of  the  fumes.  Exhausters  for  buffing  wheels  require  special  wheels ;  when  to  be  used  for  this  service 
always  mention  it  in  the  order. 

Buffalo  "  B  "  Exhausters  made  up  blast,  as  illustrated  on  page  244,  cost  10  percent,  in 
advance  of  regular,  as  extra  material  and  time  are  consumed  in  their  manufacture.  No  special 
discharge  blowers  exchanged. 

GUARANTEE. — Buffalo  "  B "  Volume  Exhausters  are  guaranteed  to  be  built  of  the  best 
material  and  workmanship,  in  a  thoroughly  workmanlike  manner,  to  run  with  minimum  power,  to  be 
more  durable,  to  be  so  proportioned  as  to  give  the  greatest  suction  and  expulsive  force,  and  to  be  sold 
at  lower  prices  for  the  same  size  and  capacity,  than  those  of  any  other  manufacture. 

PRICE  LIST,  SIZES  AND   DIMENSIONS  "  B  "   EXHAUSTERS. 


No.  of 
Exhauster 

Height,  in  Inches 

Diameter  of  Outlet 

Diameter  of 
Inlet 

Diameter  of  Pulley 

Face  of   Pulley 

Price 

OOOB 

14^ 

4^ 

4^ 

2*4 

2)4 

$    15.00 

1   B 

15^ 

5 

5 

3 

2/2 

20.00 

2  B 

20)4 

6 

6 

3)4 

2% 

25.00 

3  B 

25 

7/4 

7/2 

4 

3% 

33.00 

4  B 

29 

9 

9 

5 

4 

44.00 

5  B 

32 

10>£ 

10/2 

5% 

4)4 

55.00 

6  B 

37)4 

12 

12 

6/4 

5)4 

70.00 

7  B 

43 

14 

14 

7/2 

6/2 

90.00 

8  B 

48 

16)4 

16 

8/2 

7/2 

150.00 

9  B 

55 

18 

18 

9/2 

8/2 

200.00 

10  B 

68 

21 

21 

12 

10 

250.00 

247 


Buffalo  "B"   Volume   Exhausters, 

With  Overhung  Wheels. 


o 
J       I 


-M 5* 


--N > 


F^ 

k H  --# 


TABLE  OF  PRINCIPAL  DIMENSIONS— IN  INCHES. 


Size 

A 

B 

C 

D 

E 

G 

H 

I 

J 

L 

M 

N 

0 

WEIGHTS 

Not 
Packed 

Packed 

000 

9% 

7/8 

4^ 

4X 

15 

5 

7# 

3X 

I4# 

3 

5ft 

MX 

4y2         60 

90 

1 

io# 

8^ 

3/2 

5 

17/g 

S'A 

7^ 

3^ 

15^ 

3^ 

7X 

12 

5 

75 

120 

2 

12# 

lOtf 

4% 

6 

19# 

7 

8X 

3)4 

20X 

5^ 

9 

14^ 

6 

90 

130 

3 

15X 

H# 

(>/*        7# 

25X 

\\Yz 

13X 

47/s 

25 

5X 

ii'X 

17X 

7/2 

170 

260 

4 

20^ 

13X 

10 

9 

27X 

13X 

15 

6X 

29 

6 

iiX 

19 

9 

232 

280 

5 

2o/2 

16X 

7^ 

10# 

31^ 

16X 

18 

6^ 

32 

6^ 

13# 

25 

|0# 

280 

345 

6 

27/2 

W 

11^ 

12 

39 

15 

17 

7 

37^ 

7^ 

15 

25 

12 

390 

455 

7 

30 

20^ 

12,V 

14 

42 

16 

18 

9 

43 

8^ 

16 

28 

14 

560 

640 

8 

34^ 

23^ 

13X 

16^ 

47 

18 

20 

9X 

48 

9^ 

18^ 

29^ 

16^ 

740 

825 

9 

43X 

28 

18^ 

18 

55X 

20^ 

23 

11X 

55 

12^ 

20 

33 

18 

1350 

1425 

10 

44/2 

31 

19% 

21 

65^ 

21 

24 

13X 

68 

14^ 

22 

36 

21 

1850 

1980 

The  above  cut  illustrates  the  exhauster  with  pulley  on  the  right   hand  side,  as  usually  made  ; 
we  can  furnish  left  hand,  if  desired,  but  this  point  must  be  mentioned  in  order. 


248 


Buffalo   "B"  Volume  Blowers  and  Exhausters, 

Speeds  for  Various  Pressures. 


IN  APPLYING  a  blower  to  supply  blast  to  a  plant  of  stationary  forges,  the  piping  course  always 
should  be  as  direct  as  possible.     It  should  be  borne  in  mind  that  in  the  table  which  follows,  the 
speed  necessary  to  supply  a  certain  number  of  forges  with  blast,  at  a  given  pressure,  is  not 
estimated  for  great  lengths  of   pipe.     Reference  to  the  table  "Friction  of  Air  in  Pipes"  for  the 
extra  power  required  to  force  a  given  amount  of  air  through  different  lengths,  will  also  indicate  what 
extra  speed  must  be  provided  for  upon  a  blower  operating  under  such  conditions. 

The  Buffalo  "  B  "  Exhausters  are  especially  adapted  for  removing  the  refuse  from  emery 
wheels,  buffing  wheels,  etc.  It  is  usually  necessary  to  run  the  exhausters  to  a  speed  sufficient  to 
produce  4  to  5-oz.  pressure  for  average  work.  The  table  below  gives  the  requisite  speeds  for  all 
pressures  under  which  the  "  B  "  blowers  and  exhausters  are  ordinarily  used. 

TABLE  OF  SPEEDS  AND  CAPACITIES  OF  "B"  VOLUME  BLOWERS  AND  EXHAUSTERS. 


No.  of 
Blower 

No.  of 
Forges 
Ordi- 
nary 
Size 

2-ouNCE  PRESSURE 

4-ouNCE  PRESSURE 

5-ouNCE  PRESSURE 

6-ouNCE  PRESSURE            J-OUNCE 
PRESSURE 

Speed 
—No.  of 
Revolu- 
tions 

Cubic   Feet 
of  Air  per 
Minute 

Speed 
—No.  of 
Revolu- 
tions 

Cubic  Feet 
of  Air  per 
Minute 

Speed 
—No.  of 
Revolu- 
tions 

Cubic   Feet 
of  Air  per 
Minute 

Speed 
—No.  of 
Revolu- 
tions 

Cubic   Feet    SP«e^ 
of  Air  per   -g*><* 

Minute        lutlons 

Cubic 
Feet 
of  Air 
per 
Minute 

OOOB 

3 

3397 

513 

4824 

729 

5405 

817 

5934 

897 

6442 

961 

1  B 

4 

3166 

605 

4447 

864 

4983 

962 

5470 

1059 

5930 

1159 

2B 

7 

2935 

697 

4070 

990 

4561 

1108 

5007 

1217 

5419 

1318 

3B 

10 

1983 

1100 

2794 

1563 

3130 

1751 

3436 

1922 

3719 

2080 

4B        15 

1706 

1614           2429 

2292 

2721 

2569 

2987 

2819 

3233 

3055 

5B        24 

1529 

2206          2180            3126 

2444 

3503 

2681 

3844 

2902 

4161 

6B        30 

1383 

2896           1966            4116       '  2202 

4612 

2417 

5062     .2618 

5371 

7B        42 

1183 

3925           1694 

5575 

1898 

6247 

2084 

6856        2255 

7412 

8B        60 

1014 

5466           1447             7763 

1621 

8698 

1780 

9548 

1927 

10335 

9B        90            897            6530           1255            9274           1406 

9891 

1544 

11406        1671 

12346 

10  B      150            706            8878            995           12608 

1114 

14127 

1224 

15507        1325 

16785 

11  B      230            597           11594            830           16463            930 

18448 

1021 

20249         1  105 

21918 

249 


Buffalo  "B"  Volume  Exhausters, 

For  Polishing,  Emery  and  Buffing  Wheels. 


Sketch  Showing  Principle  of  Application. 


A  Desirable  Form  of  Adjustable  Hood. 


250 


Buffalo  "  B '    Volume  Exhausters, 

Various  Applications. 


EMERY.  POLISHING  AND  BUFFING  WHEELS — The  half-tone  illustration  on  the  opposite 
page  shows  a  Buffalo  "  B  "  Exhauster  connected  to  a  series  or  row  of  emery  wheels.  The  discharge 
from  the  exhauster  leads  directly  downward  into  a  vat  of  water,  where  the  accumulation  may  be 
removed  as  often  as  necessary.  It  is  thus  prevented  from  being  distributed,  by  action  of  the  exhauster, 
over  finished  work,  or  in  other  objectionable  places.  Improved  forms  of  dust  separators  are  also 
frequently  used  in  connection  with  the  "  B  "  exhausters  for  this  class  of  work.  The  refuse  from  all 
types  of  polishing  spindles,  emery  and  buffing  wheels  may  be  removed  by  the  proper  applications. 
The  action  of  the  various  state  legislatures  in  enforcing  laws  upon  this  point  is  commendable.  In 
many  cases  the  ventilation  incident  to  the  removal  of  this  material  is  all  that  is  afforded  in  closely 
located  factories  in  cities.  While  much  less  than  the  standard  requirements,  its  benefits  are  not  amiss. 

In  ordering  fans  for  this  class  of  work,  invariably  state  the  number  of  wheels,  also  the  number 
of  stands.  Mention  the  purpose  for  which  the  wheels  are  used,  their  largest  diameter  and  width. 
Buffing  wheels  require  a  fan  with  special  wheel,  to  avoid  clogging.  Invariably  refer  to  this  in  ordering. 
To  avoid  danger  from  fire,  the  same  fan  should  not  be  used  for  handling  the  refuse  both  from  emery 
and  buffing  wheels  ;  provide  a  separate  fan  in  each  case. 

The  illustration  of  adjustable  hood  on  opposite  page  shows  a  very  convenient  form,  and  one 
that  is  widely  used.  The  grinding  or  polishing  is  not  done  on  the  same  portion  of  the  wheel  in  all 
industries,  which  makes  it  necessary  that  special  hoods  be  constructed  in  each  individual  case,  and 
so  connected  that  the  suction  from  the  exhauster  may  readily  take  up  the  refuse  particles.  The  adjust- 
ment afforded  by  the  hood  illustrated  on  the  opposite  page  is  such  that  as  the  wheel  wears  away  the  hood 
may  be  accordingly  diminished  in  size.  It  is  also  adjustable  to  a  certain  extent  for  work  being  done 
on  different  parts  of  the  wheel.  While  patented  by  this  house,  detailed  drawings  will  be  furnished 
customers  ordering  exhausters  from  us,  with  permit  to  build  the  hoods.  It  is  not  desirable  to  build 
and  ship  with  exhausters,  being  far  preferable  to  construct  and  fit  all  hoods  upon  the  ground. 

SMOKE,  ACID  FUMES.  ETC — The  Buffalo  "  B  "  Volume  Exhausters  are  used  in  a  multitude 
of  industries  of  widely  different  character,  with  uniformly  good  results,  the  only  requisite  being  intelli- 
gent application  and  operation.  For  all  special  work,  clearly  describe  requirements  under  the  exist- 
ing conditions  in  detail,  forwarding,  if  possible,  a  drawing  embodying  these,  with  the  desired  location 
of  exhauster  and  point  of  discharge  clearly  indicated. 

For  a  small  number  of  the  old  style  forge  fires  without  the  Buffalo  Patented  Down-draft 
Hoods,  these  exhausters  are  very  desirable.  They  require  little  space,  may  be  driven  at  a  high 
speed  if  necessary,  and  need  little  attention.  For  a  large  number  of  such  fires,  steel  plate  planing 
mill  exhaust  fans  are  preferable. 

Used  for  removing  acid  and  chemical  fumes,  etc.,  these  exhaust  fans  are  built  to  order  with 
wheels  of  special  metal,  impervious  to  the  action  of  the  gases  handled,  and  the  shells  are  often  lined 
with  the  same  material.  For  locations  where  space  is  limited,  these  exhausters  may  be  built  to  bolt 
to  ceiling  and  furnished  with  special  outlet  connections  ;  an  extra  charge  is  made  for  such  construction. 

251 


Buffalo  Gas   Blowers  and  Exhausters, 


Special  High  Pressure  Type. 


Gas  Exhauster  for  Illuminating  or  Fuel  Gas. 


252 


Buffalo  Gas   Blowers  and  Exhausters, 

Special  Designs  and  Applications. 


FOR  a  period  of  years,  there  has  been  a  constant  and  growing  demand  for  gas  generator  blowers, 
as  a  result  of  the  successful  original  installations  made  by  this  house.  Like  a  multitude  of 
other  uses  to  which  Buffalo  Blowers  and  Exhausters  have  been  applied  with  gratifying  results, 
the  solving  of  the  problems  in  gas  industries  has  involved  special  designs  and  applications.  The 
appearance  of  the  Buffalo  Gas  Blowers  outwardly  is  almost  identical  to  the  ordinary  types,  /.  e.,  steel 
pressure  and  "  B  "  volume  blowers.  Close  comparison,  however,  reveals  the  existence  of  special 
construction  and  design,  affording  results  impossible  to  accomplish  by  the  regular  fans. 

It  has  long  been  demonstrated  that  the  Buffalo  Fan  Blowers  embody  features  which  make 
them  far  superior  to  those  known  as  the  positive  blast  type,  and  their  general  adoption  in  nearly  all 
modern  gas  plants  is  practical  evidence  of  their  utility.  To  a  certain  extent,  the  fan  blower  is 
automatic  in  action,  the  discharge  from  the  periphery  of  the  wheel  being  variable  in  pressure  and 
volume  to  meet  increased  or  decreased  requirements.  The  power  used  is  thus  lessened  as  the  work 
of  the  fan  is  reduced.  In  a  positive  blast  blower,  the  maximum  power  is  continuous  without  reference 
to  the  requirements.  This  and  the  incident  high  speed  cause  considerable  waste.  The  power  re- 
quired by  fan  blowers  is  far  less  per  cubic  foot  of  air  delivery  than  using  blowers  of  positive  blast  type. 

The  superiority  of  the  Buffalo  Special  Blowers  for  gas  plants  is  at  once  noticeable  in  the 
design.  The  putty  joints  in  the  shells,  common  to  all  other  makes,  are  eliminated,  the  case  or  shell  of 
Buffalo  blowers  being  cast  entirely  in  one  piece.  Where  these  fans  are  used  as  gas  exhausters,  the 
opportunity  for  an  escape  of  gases  is  thereby  lessened  beyond  those  of  any  other  manufacture.  The 
necessary  side  plates  are  then  effectively  packed  with  material  unaffected  by  gas.  The  journals  on 
both  gas  blowers  and  exhausters  are  of  the  same  type  as  used  on  the  steel  pressure  blowers,  but  are 
of  extra  length  with  enlarged  oil  chambers.  The  utmost  care  is  exercised  in  the  selection  of 
material  as  well  as  in  the  workmanship.  To  cope  successfully  with  the  strains  of  heavy  work  at 
sustained  high  speeds,  the  blowers  are  built  extra  heavy  throughout.  Special  size  pulleys  are  pro- 
vided to  transmit  the  greater  power  required  to  drive  the  fans  under  these  conditions. 

Buffalo  Gas  Blowers  and  Exhausters  may  be  provided  with  or  without  adjustable  bed,  and 
single  or  double  upright  enclosed  or  horizontal  engines,  after  the  various  forms  illustrated  herewith. 
A  complete,  compact  and  convenient  plant  consists  of  a  blower  and  engine  of  sufficient  capacity  all 
upon  the  same  bed.  All  engines  for  this  service  are  of  our  own  construction,  and  identical  to  those 
employed  for  the  refined  work  of  running  dynamos,  etc. 

A  great  advance  in  modern  gas  works  is  marked  by  the  introduction  of  Buffalo  Gas  Exhaust- 
ers for  the  sustaining  of  specific  pressures  at  distant  points.  They  are  of  equal  value  for  the  trans- 
ference of  gas  from  holders  or  purifiers  to  street  mains,  from  generators  or  purifiers  to  holders,  etc., 
maintaining  a  uniform  steadiness  of  light.  They  are  widely  used  for  the  passage  of  gas  over  long 
distances  through  properly  arranged  pipes.  On  the  opposite  page  is  shown  a  high  pressure  gas 
exhauster.  In  design  this  is  quite  similar  to  the  regular  steel  pressure  blowers.  Low  pressure 
gas  exhausters  are  in  appearance  closely  patterned  after  the  "  B  "  volume  exhaust  fans. 

253 


Buffalo  "  B "   Volume   Blowers  and  Exhausters, 

Improved  Countershafts. 


Also  Furnished  with  Tight  and  Loose  Pulleys. 


254 


Buffalo  "  B '    Volume  Blowers  and  Exhausters, 

Improved   Countershafts. 


j 


PRICE  LIST  AND  TABLE  OF  DIMENSIONS— IN  INCHES. 


1 

No.  of 

Counter- 

S 

L 

A 

B 

C 

D 

E 

F 

G 

K-         "B"Blow- 
K          eror  Ex- 

Price 

hauster 

000 

1 

20 

5 

4 

14 

2* 

8/2 

15 

3/2 

000 

$10.00 

1 

\% 

22^ 

6 

4    • 

16 

2/4 

9/ 

18# 

4 

/s            1 

12.00 

2 

iX 

25^ 

7 

4^ 

18 

2=4 

9X 

21^ 

4/2 

/2                      2 

14.00 

3 

1/8 

28 

8 

4% 

21 

3/ 

I0# 

22^ 

5 

3A             3 

18.00 

4 

Ift 

31 

Q 

5 

26 

4 

13# 

25^ 

5/2       ; 

>                4 

24.00 

5 

\X 

34X 

10 

5^ 

30 

4/2 

15/8 

28 

6         ; 

?X             5 

30.00 

6 

2 

37^ 

12 

6 

32 

5/2 

16X 

31 

6^  .    ; 

!/             6 

40.00 

7 

40/ 

14 

6 

36 

6/2 

18^ 

33 

7          ; 

W            7 

50.00 

8 

2# 

46^ 

16 

8 

40 

7/2 

20/2 

39 

7^       : 

!                8 

65.00 

9 

2^ 

51 

18 

8 

42 

8/2 

23/2 

40 

9          : 

9 

80.00 

10 

3 

56 

20 

9 

44 

10 

23/2 

45 

9          : 

X        10 

85.00 

11 

3 

6, 

22 

10 

48 

12 

23/2 

50 

9              c 

X        11 

90.00 

NOTE. — Tight  and  loose  pulleys  may  be  furnished,  where  so  ordered,  at  small  additional  cost. 


255 


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256 


Buffalo   Blacksmith  Shop  Equipments, 

Stationary  Forges,  Patented  Down-draft  Hoods,  Blowers,  Exhausters,  etc. 


SMITH-SHOP  equipments  in  industrial  plants  and  technical  schools  have  been  revolutionized  within 
the  past  few  years,  by  the  patented  improvements  introduced  by  this  house.  A  cumbersome 
overhead  piping  system  of  smoke  removing,  to  obstruct  the  view,  is  no  longer  a  feature  of  modern 
outfits.  Designed  and  constructed  with  the  utmost  care,  such  are  at  their  best  inefficient,  as  they 
afford  too  great  opportunity  for  escape  of  fumes  into  the  shop  without  being  caught  by  the  action  of 
the  fan.  Forge  smoke  and  gases  are  now  removed  immediately  upon  being  generated  at  the  fire, 
and  are  carried  through  underground  pipes,  leaving  the  view  of  shop  entirely  unobstructed,  and  the 
atmosphere  perfectly  free.  This  system  is  installed  in  two  ways;  first,  with  separate  fans,  /.  e. ,  a 
blower  for  furnishing  the  blast  and  an  exhauster  for  removing  the  smoke  ;  second,  with  a  Buffalo  Com- 
bined Blower  and  Exhauster,  which  performs  both  duties.  In  the  latter  machine,  a  portion  of  the  air 
is  forced  through  the  blast  piping  for  supplying  the  blast  to  the  fires,  the  balance  being  discharged 
into  the  smoke  flue.  Photographs  will  be  furnished  on  application. 

The  cast  iron  adjustable  down-draft  hoods  may  be  moved  close  to  the  fire  or  drawn  back, 
according  to  conditions  and  work  being  performed.  They  are  adapted  to  all  sizes  of  forges.  Whether 
the  application  be  in  industrial  establishments,  with  the  largest  fires  and  heaviest  work,  or  in  technical 
schools,  the  results  are  uniformly  of  the  highest  efficiency.  In  forge  shops  where  it  has  previously 
been  impossible  to  keep  the  rooms  sufficiently  clear  for  economical  working  conditions,  this  system 
has  rendered  the  atmosphere  as  pure  as  that  of  the  best  modern  machine  shop.  The  Buffalo 
Patented  Down-draft  Exhaust  System  is  fully  covered  by  Letters  Patent  No.  52,945.  All  infringing 
manufacturers  or  users  are  hereby  cautioned  against  employing  any  form  of  down-draft  smoke 
removing  apparatus.  This  system  is  equally  suited  to  hard  coal,  coke  and  all  furnace  fires.  The 
same  general  plan  of  removing  foul  odors,  vapors,  chemical  acid  fumes,  ventilating  hotel  kitchens,  etc., 
is  equally  efficient  for  all  situations. 

All  the  leading  American  training  schools  and  colleges,  and  many  foreign  ones  as  well,  are 
equipped  with  Buffalo  Forges,  Blowers,  Automatic  Engines  for  Electric  Lighting  and  Power,  Fan 
System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating,  Punch,  Shear  and  Bar  Cutters,  Drills,  and  other  blacksmith  tools. 
As  the  purpose  of  these  institutions  is  to  teach  the  most  approved  methods  of  shop  practice  and 
equipment  of  industrial  plants,  it  is,  therefore,  but  natural  that  the  latest  developments  of  all 
machinery  be  employed.  Upon  application,  we  shall  be  pleased  to  supply  those  interested  in  technical 
schools,  a  complete  list  of  all  those  outfitted  with  Buffalo  machinery.  This  includes  all  institutions  of 
prominence.  The  faculty  of  manual  training  schools  may  feel  free  to  apply  at  any  time  for  exhibi- 
tion drawings  of  Buffalo  Blacksmith  Outfits,  and  Fan  Heating,  Ventilating  and  Drying  plants.  They 
are  often  of  great  value  to  students.  Being  taken  from  actual  installations,  the  worth  of  these 
drawings  is  at  once  appreciated. 

The  half-tone  illustrations  appearing  herewith  are  not  selected  as  showing  the  most  complete 
plants.  Often  the  arrangement  of  shops,  light,  etc.,  precludes  the  possibility  of  taking  a  satisfactory 
photograph  of  the  larger  and  better  arranged  outfits. 

257 


Buffalo   Blacksmith  Shop  Equipments, 

Patented  Down-draft  Forges,  Blower,  Exhauster,  etc. 


The  Forge  Shop  of  Manual    Training  High  School,  Denver,  Colo. 


Miller  Manual  Labor  School,  Crozet,  Va. 

258 


Buffalo   Blacksmith  Shop  Equipments, 

Patented  Down-draft  Forges,  Blower,  Exhauster,  etc. 


Forge  Shop  of  University  of  Nebraska,  Lincoln,  Neb. 


View  of  Exhauster  and  Patented  Down-draft  Forges. 

259 


Buffalo   Blacksmith  Shop  Equipments, 


In  Manual  Training  Schools. 


The  Forge  Shop  of  Teachers'  College,  New  York  City. 


260 


Buffalo   Blacksmith  Shop  Equipments, 


In  Manual  Training  Schools. 


Fayetteville  Forge  Shop,  Arkansas  Industrial  University. 


Pine  Bluff  Forge  Shop,  Arkansas  Industrial  University. 

261 


Buffalo  Blacksmith  Shop  Equipments, 


In  Manual  Training  Schools. 


Throop  Polytechnic  Institute,  Pasadena,  Cal. 


262 


Buffalo  Stationary  Blast  Forges, 

For  Blacksmith  Shops  Provided  with  Fan  Blast. 


THE    majority  of  the  stationary  blast  forges  illustrated  on  the  following  pages  were  primarily 
designed  for  industrial  works.    The  capacities  and  forms  are  suited  to  a  wide  variety  of  require- 
ments.    A  few  other  styles  than  those  here  described  are  built  for  unusual  service. 
It  will  be  noticed  that  most  of  the  half-tone  cuts  on  the  preceding  pages  are  of  technical 
schools  instead  of  manufacturing  smith  shops.     It  need  not  be  said,  however,  that  industrial  establish- 
ments are  the  larger   users.     The  forges  usually  being  scattered,  it  is  often  impossible  to  obtain 
satisfactory  illustrations.     For  this  reason  more  industrial  shops  are  not  shown. 

The  term  "  Stationary  Blast  Forge  "  is  not  used  because  the  forges  are  immovable  like  the 
old-fashioned  brick  type,  for  they  are  easily  portable.  It  arises  from  the  use  of  an  independent  blower 
for  supplying  the  blast,  which  is  stationary,  hence  the  term.  In  fitting  up  a  forge  shop  for  general 
work,  the  buyer  who  seeks  a  well  arranged  and  efficient  plant  will  include  a  variety  of  stationary 
forges,  locating  those  of  the  largest  capacity  where  the  heaviest  work  is  performed,  likewise  suitably 
placing  those  intended  for  light  work.  All  Buffalo  Stationary  Blast  Forges,  though  light  in  appearance, 
are  very  strong.  Used  instead  of  the  brick  forge  of  antiquity,  the  first  cost  is  reduced  to  a  minimum, 
and  here  the  expense  practically  ends,  for  in  the  matter  of  durability  they  are  unequaled.  Repairs 
are  seldom,  if  ever,  required,  and  as  to  efficiency  there  is  no  room  for  comparison. 

The  various  types  of  stationary  forges,  which  have  been  for  years  the  world's  standard,  are 
catalogued  herewith.  Most  of  these  are  now  equipped  with  the  Buffalo  Patented  Down-draft  Smoke 
Exhaust  Hoods,  and  a  number  of  entirely  new  designs  have  been  added.  Excepting  where  it  is 
desired  to  increase  an  existing  plant  without  remodeling  it,  we  invariably  advise  the  employment  of 
the  forges  designed  for  the  down-draft  smoke  exhaust  system.  With  these  modern  equipments,  the 
atmosphere  of  the  smith  shop  is  as  pure  and  agreeable  to  work  in  as  that  of  the  best  machine  shop. 
The  heat  in  summer  is  also  reduced,  and  the  gases  and  smoke  are  removed  at  the  fire  at  once  upon 
being  generated.  It  is  thus  impossible  for  them  to  escape  into  the  room.  The  mere  fact  that  the 
photographs  from  which  the  illustrations  on  the  preceding  pages  were  made,  were  taken  with  the  fires 
running  at  full  blast,  causing  maximum  amount  of  smoke,  is  sufficient  comment  upon  the  desirability 
and  superiority  of  this  system  over  all  others.  The  hoods  are  of  heavy  cast  iron.  The  connection  is 
sufficiently  below  the  forge  to  obviate  injury  to  the  piping  by  heat  from  the  fire.  Enough  cold  air  is 
incidentally  drawn  in  and  mixed  by  the  action  of  the  exhauster  to  avoid  this.  The  descriptions  and 
cuts  indicate  which  styles  are  furnished  with  down-draft  hoods.  Drawings  of  special  forges  for 
unusual  service  on  application. 

BUFFALO  STATIONARY  FORGE  NO.  is.  No  illustration  appears,  but  the  design  is  similar  to 
No.  OS  seen  on  page  270.  If  desired,  may  be  furnished  with  water  and  coal  tanks,  at  extra  price. 

BUFFALO  STATIONARY  FORGE  NO.  OS.  see  cut  page  270,  is  of  the  same  size  as  No.  0 
Portable  Blacksmith  Forge  described  on  a  following  page.  For  the  work  intended,  its  excellence 
is  unrivaled.  Provided  with  a  blast  gate  as  shown ;  water  and  coal  tanks  supplied  at  additional  price. 

BUFFALO  STATIONARY  BLAST  FORGE  NO.  OSD.  same  as  No.  OS,  but  with  down-draft  hood. 

263 


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264 


Buffalo  Stationary  Blast  Forges, 

For  Blacksmith  Shops  Provided  with  Fan  Blast. — Continued. 

BUFFALO  STATIONARY  BLAST  FORGE  NO.  02.  see  cut  page  27 1 .  For  the  lighter  classes 
of  work  in  carriage,  wagon  and  agricultural  implement  manufactories,  and  similar  service  in  all  indus- 
tries, this  forge  has  for  years  been  the  standard.  They  have  been  widely  used  in  manual  training 
school  smith  shops.  Here  they  are  frequently  arranged  in  pairs.  These  forges  may  be  furnished, 
as  originally  designed,  with  revolving  ball  tuyere  or  with  patented  anti-clinker  dumping  tuyere.  The 
ash-pit  box  extends  down  through  one  side  for  convenience  in  removing  ashes. 

BUFFALO  STATIONARY  BLAST  FORGE  NO.  02D,  see  cut  page  272,  is  precisely  the  same 
forge  as  above  described  with  the  Buffalo  Patented  Down-draft  Smoke  Exhaust  Hood.  Two  illustra- 
tions appear,  see  pages  272  and  273.  The  latter  shows  the  complete  forge  with  all  parts  just  as  it 
is  shipped.  The  former  is  presented  to  clearly  give  the  appearance  of  the  forge  in  operation,  the 
manner  in  which  the  gases  and  smoke  are  removed  through  down-draft  hoods,  supply  of  blast,  etc. 

BUFFALO  STATIONARY  BLAST  FORGE  NO.  OPS,  see  cut  page  274.  This  machine  is  espe- 
cially intended  for  heavy  work  and  has  found  wide  favor  with  carriage  builders,  being  primarily 
designed  for  this  class  of  service  ;  it  is  also  of  inestimable  value  in  wagon  and  agricultural  implement 
manufactories  ;  it  is  a  most  complete  forge.  Its  design  combines  coal  box  and  water  tank,  and  it  is 
also  furnished  with  a  blast  gate  with  lever  convenient  to  the  operator,  placing  under  perfect  control  the 
regulation  of  the  blast.  It  is  equally  well  adapted  for  light  or  ordinary  work  in  general. 

BUFFALO  STATIONARY  BLAST  FORGE  NO.  POST,  same  as  OOS,  but  with  patented  anti- 
clinker  dumping  tuyere  (see  illustration  on  page  285). 

BUFFALO  STATIONARY  BLAST  FORGE  NO.  03.  see  cut  page  275,  was  primarily  designed 
for  the  Union  Pacific  R.  R.  It  is  especially  adapted  to  meet  the  requirements  of  such  extra  heavy 
work  as  is  found  in  railroad  shops.  It  is  far  superior,  cheaper,  handsomer  and  more  efficient  than 
any  brick  forge.  The  fire  pit  has  a  depth  of  eight  inches,  admitting  of  a  strong,  deep  fire.  When 
light  work  is  being  performed,  the  gates  on  the  sides  can  be  opened,  and  the  fire  lowered  four  inches. 
The  regular  tuyere  is  designed  especially  to  withstand  heavy  service  without  burning  out.  The  type 
described  on  page  269  may  also  be  furnished,  and  will  be  found  well  worth  the  extra  cost. 

BUFFALO  STATIONARY  BLAST  FORGE  NO.  03D.  same  as  03,  but  with  down-draft  hood. 

BUFFALO  STATIONARY  BLAST  FORGE  NO.  09.  see  cut  page  276,  has  improved  anti-clinker 
dumping  tuyeres,  with  blast  gate,  water  tank,  coal  box  and  tool  rest.  It  is  adapted  for  mod- 
erately heavy  work.  The  design  and  depth  of  fire  bowl  afford  most  desirable  features  for  these 
requirements.  Especially  adapted  to  carriage,  wagon  and  implement  manufactories. 

BUFFALO  STATIONARY  BLAST  FORGE  NO.  09D,  see  cut  page  277.  This  machine  is  pre- 
cisely the  same  as  No.  09.  It  is  furnished  with  the  Buffalo  Patented  Down-draft  Smoke  Exhaust 
Hood.  Ash  cans,  blast  and  exhaust  pipes  not  furnished  unless  ordered  extra. 

BUFFALO  STATIONARY  BLAST  FORGE  NO.  OA.  see  cut  page  278.  The  smith  shop  of  the 
C.  C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Railway  at  Bellefontaine,  0.,  is  equipped  with  this  type,  arranged  in  pairs.  They 
are  adapted  for  the  largest  work  in  railway  repair  and  similar  shops. 

265 


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266 


Buffalo  Stationary  Blast  Forges, 

For  Blacksmith  Shops  Provided  with  Fan  Blast. — Continued. 

BUFFALO  STATIONARY  BLAST  FORGE  NO.  OP,  see  cut  page  279.  This  is  substantially 
the  same  as  No.  OA  with  the  exception  of  being  provided  with  the  Buffalo  Patented  Down-draft 
Smoke  Exhaust  Hood.  The  entire  forge,  including  hood,  is  of  heavy  cast  iron.  It  is  by  far  the 
largest  built,  and  is  eminently  suited  to  the  heaviest  forge  shop  work  ever  performed.  No  matter 
how  large  the  fire,  the  smoke  and  gases  are  constantly  removed  as  generated  through  the  Buffalo 
Patented  Down-draft  Smoke  Exhaust  Hood.  This  forge  is  manifestly  superior  to  brick  construction, 
never  being  injured  by  accidental  falling  of  heavy  work.  The  heaviest  forge  built. 

BUFFALO  STATIONARY  BLAST  FORGE  NO.  07,  see  cut  page  280,  is  built  of  steel  plate  through- 
out, excepting  the  Buffalo  Patented  Down-draft  Exhaust  Hood  and  Anti-clinker  Dumping  Tuyere,  which 
are  of  heavy  cast  iron.  The  diameter  is  36  inches,  height  26  inches.  This  forge  is  especially  suited 
to  moderately  heavy  work,  and  is  rigidly  stayed  and  stiffened  throughout.  A  favorite  type. 

BUFFALO  STATIONARY  BLAST  FORGE  NO.  07N,   same  as  No.  07,  without  hood. 

BUFFALO  STATIONARY  BLAST  FORGE  NO.  07F.  same  as  No.  07 N,  with  steel  tank  and  box. 

BUFFALO  STATIONARY  BLAST  FORGE  NO.  071,  same  as  No.  07 N,  with  cast  iron  tank. 

BUFFALO  STATIONARY  BLAST  FORGE  NO.  07T,  see  cut  page  28 1 .  Excepting  that  a  steel 
plate  coal  box  and  water  tank  are  provided,  this  forge  is  precisely  the  same  as  No.  07. 

BUFFALO  STATIONARY  BLAST  FORGE  NO.  07C.  same  as  No.  07T,  excepting  that  the  coal 
boxes  and  water  tanks  are  of  heavy  cast  iron. 

BUFFALO  STATIONARY  BLAST  FORGE  NO.  08.  No  illustration  appears.  The  design  and  con- 
struction are  identical  with  No.  07,  but  of  larger  diameter,  /.  e.,  48  inches  ;  height  is  26  inches.  The 
large  capacity  and  form  adapt  this  forge  to  the  heaviest  work  of  the  smith  shop. 

BUFFALO  STATIONARY  BLAST  FORGE  NO.  08N.   same  as  No.  08,  without  hood. 

BUFFALO  STATIONARY  BLAST  FORGE  NO.  08F.  same  as  No.  08N,  with  steel  tank  and  box. 

BUFFALO  STATIONARY  BLAST  FORGE  NO.  081.  same  as  No.  08N,  with  cast  iron  tank. 

BUFFALO  STATIONARY  BLAST  FORGE  NO.  08T.  This  machine  is  the  same  as  No.  08,  with 
the  addition  of  tank  as  described  in  No.  07T.  Diameter,  48  inches;  height,  26  inches.  Equipment 
of  accessories  consists  of  down-draft  hood,  anti-clinker  dumping  tuyere,  blast  gate,  coal  and  water 
boxes.  These  afford  a  most  complete  machine  of  the  largest  capacity  of  any  steel  plate  forge  built. 

BUFFALO  STATIONARY  BLAST  FORGE  NO.  08C.  same  as  No.  08T,  excepting  that  the  coal 
boxes  and  water  tanks  are  of  heavy  cast  iron. 

BUFFALO  STATIONARY  BLAST  FORGE  NO.  04,  see  cut  page  282.  This  is  primarily  intended 
for  technical  schools,  and  is  a  most  convenient  two-fire  forge.  It  is  furnished  with  water  tanks,  blast 
gates,  patented  anti-clinker  dumping  tuyeres,  and  tool  rests.  Buffalo  Patented  Down-draft  Smoke 
Exhaust  Hoods  may  be  attached  at  additional  cost,  when  so  ordered. 

BUFFALO  STATIONARY  BLAST  FORGE  NO.  05,  see  cut  page  283,  is  designed  for  training 
schools.  The  top  of  the  forge  is  of  cast  iron,  while  the  standard  is  of  steel  plate  with  heavy  cast 
iron  base.  Buffalo  Anti-clinker  Dumping  Tuyeres,  water  tank  with  tool  rest  and  coal  box  are  fur- 
nished. The  Buffalo  Patented  Down-draft  Exhaust  Hoods  may  be  attached  at  additional  cost 

267 


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268 


Buffalo   Stationary  Blast  Forges, 

For  Blacksmith  Shops  Provided  with  Fan  Blast. — Continued. 

BUFFALO  STATIONARY  BLAST  FORGE  NO.  05A.  same  type  and  construction  as  Nos.  05  and 
06,  but  with  three  fires.  Drawings  forwarded  upon  application. 

BUFFALO  STATIONARY  BLAST  FORGE  NO.  06.  see  cut  page  284.  This  four-fire  technical 
school  forge  has  found  wide  favor.  The  standard  is  steel  plate  with  heavy  cast  iron  base  and  cast 
iron  top.  Each  fire  is  furnished  with  separate  blast  gate,  and  the  Buffalo  Anti-clinker  Dumping 
Tuyeres.  Originally  designed  for  the  Texas  State  Manual  Training  School. 

BUFFALO  ANTI-CLINKER  DUMPING  TUYERE.  On  page  285  appear  two  illustrations  of  this 
device.  Fig.  1  gives  a  section  of  a  Buffalo  COST  Stationary  Forge,  showing  the  operation  of  the  tuyere. 
Every  smith  is  familiar  with  the  delay  caused  by  the  old  style  of  forge,  when  it  becomes  necessary 
to  clean  the  fire.  The  live  coals  must  be  removed  before  the  ashes  and  clinkers  can  be  reached. 
Time  is  then  lost  waiting  for  the  fire  to  come  up.  By  the  use  of  this  device,  this  difficulty  is  entirely 
obviated.  The  construction  of  the  tuyere,  and  its  application  to  Buffalo  Stationary  Forges,  are  such 
that  all  clinkers,  ashes,  etc.,  can  be  dropped  out  at  the  bottom,  while  the  fire  is  still  held  in  position 
undisturbed.  This  tuyere  may  be  attached  to  nearly  all  the  types  of  Buffalo  Forges. 

BUFFALO  STATIONARY  BLAST  FORGES,   PRICE  LIST.  WEIGHTS  AND  DIMENSIONS. 


NUMBER 

OF 

FORGE 

DIMENSIONS  IN  INCHES 

FIRE 
PAN 

COAL  Box 

WATER  TANKS 

WEIGHT 
HEIGHT              FourR 
OF  FORGE     PER  FoRGH 

PRICE 

Length 

Width 

Depth 

Length 

Width 

Depth 

IS            21       x2?X 

30^                 89 

$15.00 

OS            26^  x  38  X 

33                  140 

20.00 

OSD          26^  x  38% 

33                 270 

50.00 

02           24      x  36)4 

27^          9 

6K 

27^            9 

6*/2         29                 330 

34.00 

02D          24      x  36^ 

27^          9 

*>y2 

273^           9              6l/2         29                 470 

65.00 

OOS          38      x  42 

36 

8X 

8 

27^ 

9               6'/2 

26^              412 

40.00 

OOST        38      x  42 

36 

8&T 

8 

27V           9              bV2         2t>y2             435 

45.00 

03           46^  x  47 

23^ 

12 

10            27|^         12             10             26^             722 

70.00 

03D          46^  x  47 

23>/2 

12 

10            27^         12             10             2t>y2            1022 

110.00 

09           37      x  41 

35  y2 

7# 

31A         27^           9               6>/2         27^             447 

40.00 

09D          37      x  41 

35/2 

73^ 

3/2 

27^ 

9              6'i         27}(             550 

70.00 

OA           42      x  42 

24               1385 

On 

OD 

42      x42 

24               1540 

application 

07 

36  in.  diam. 

26                 330 

75.00 

07N 

36 

26                 235 

36.00 

07  F 

36 

15# 

10 

15             18% 

10 

15 

26                 310 

80.00 

071 

36 

15K 

10 

15             18# 

10 

15 

26                 430 

70.00 

07T 

36 

15# 

10 

15             18# 

10 

15             26                 410 

100.00 

07C 

36 

I5tf 

10 

15             \8l/2 

10 

15 

26                 530 

90.00 

08 

48 

26                 555 

90.00 

08N 

48 

26                 295 

75.00 

08  F 

48 

20X         13 

18            25            13            18 

26                 420 

110.00 

081 

48 

20^         13 

18 

25 

13             18             26                 605 

80.00 

08T 

48 

20j<         13 

18            25 

13             18             26                 680 

125.00 

08C 

48 

20X         13 

18            25 

13             18             26                 865 

110.00 

04 

23      x5l 

51             12X 

35*         27  % 

9              6'A         27                 570 

75.00 

05 

24      x54 

17     dia. 

6y2         27^ 

9              6*4         30                 585 

80.00 

05A 

24      x54 

17       " 

6^ 

30                 610 

110.00 

06 

46^  x53}^ 

18*  " 

8 

30                 680 

125.00 

269 


Buffalo  Stationary  Blast  Forge, 


Adapted  to  Moderate  Work. 


No.  oS.     Stationary  Blast  Forge  with  Blast  Gate. 


270 


Buffalo  Stationary   Blast  Forge, 

Adapted  to  Carriage  and  Wagon  Shops. 


No.  02.     Stationary  Blast  Forge  with  Blast  Gate,  Water  Tank  and  Coal  Box. 


271 


Buffalo  Stationary  Blast  Forge, 


Patented  Nov.  27,  1894, 


For  Carriage,  Wagon  and  Training  School  'Smith  Shops. 


No.  O2D.     With  Buffalo  Down-draft  Smoke  Exhaust  Hood,  also  Buffalo  Anti-clinker 

Dumping  Tuyere. 


272 


Buffalo  Stationary  Blast  Forge, 


Patented  Nov.  27,  1894, 


For  Carriage,  Wagon  and  Training  School  'Smith  Shops. 


No.  O2D.     With  Buffalo  Down-draft  Smoke  Exhaust  Hood,  also  Buffalo  Anti-clinker 

Dumping  Tuyere. 


273 


Buffalo  Stationary  Blast  Forge, 

Adapted  to  Heavy  Work. 


No.  ooS.     Stationary  Blast  Forge  with  Blast  Gate,  Water  Tank  and  Coal  Box. 


274 


Buffalo  Stationary  Blast  Forge, 

Adapted  to  Extra  Heavy  Work. 


No.  03.     Stationary  Blast  Forge  with  Blast  Gate,  and  Coal  and  Water  Apartments. 


275 


Buffalo  Stationary  Blast  Forge, 

Adapted  to  Moderate  and  Heavy  Work. 


No.  09.    With  Buffalo  Anti-clinker  Dumping  Tuyere,  Blast  Gate,  and  Coal  and  Water  Boxes. 


276 


Buffalo  Stationary  Blast  Forge, 


Patented  Nov.  27,  1894, 


Adapted  to  Moderate  and  Heavy  Work. 


No.  090.     With   Buffalo   Down-draft  Smoke  Exhaust  Hood,  also  Buffalo  Anti-clinker 
Dumping  Tuyere,  Blast  Gate,  and  Coal  and  Water  Boxes. 


277 


Buffalo  Stationary  Blast  Forge, 

Double  Type,  for  Extra  Heavy  Work  in  Railroad  Repair  Shops,  etc. 


No.  oA.     Cast  Iron  Hoods  and  Frames,  Furnished  with  Blast  Gates. 


278 


Buffalo  Stationary  Blast  Forge, 


Patented  Nov.  27,  1894, 


For  Extra  Heavy  Work  in  Railroad  Repair  Shops,  etc. 


No.  oD.     With  Buffalo  Down-draft  Smoke  Exhaust  Hood  and  Blast  Gate. 


279 


Buffalo  Stationary  Blast  Forge, 


Patented  Nov.  27,  1894. 


For  Moderate  and  Heavy  Work.     Steel  Plate  Construction. 


No.  07.     With  Buffalo  Down-draft  Smoke  Exhaust  Hood,  Buffalo  Anti-clinker 
Dumping  Tuyere  and  Blast  Gate. 


280 


Buffalo  Stationary  Blast  Forge, 


Patented  Nov.  27,  1894. 


For  Moderate  and  Heavy  Work.     Steel  Plate  Construction. 


No.  o/T  With  Buffalo  Down-draft  Smoke  Exhaust  Hood,  Buffalo  Anti-clinker 
Dumping  Tuyere,  Blast  Gate,  and  Coal  and  Water  Boxes. 


281 


Buffalo  Stationary  Blast  Forge, 


Two-fire  Type,  for  Technical  Schools,  etc. 


No.  04  With  Buffalo  Anti-clinker  Dumping  Tuyeres,  Blast  Gates,  Coal  and  Water  Boxes, 

Tool  Rests,  Etc. 


282 


Buffalo  Stationary  Blast  Forge, 

Two-fire  Type,  for  Technical  Schools,  etc. 


No.  05  With  Buffalo  Anti-clinker  Dumping  Tuyeres,  Blast  Gates,  Coal  and 
Water  Boxes.     Base  of  Heavy  Steel  Plate. 


283 


Buffalo  Stationary   Blast  Forge, 


Four-fire  Type,  for  Technical  Schools. 


No.  06  With  Buffalo  Anti-clinker  Dumping  Tuyeres,  Blast  Gates  and  Coal  Box. 

Base  of  Heavy  Steel  Plate. 


284 


Buffalo  Stationary   Blast  Forge, 


Anti-clinker  Dumping  Tuyere. 


Section  Through  Forge,  Showing  Operation. 


Detail  of  Tuyere  and  Blast  Gate. 


285 


Buffalo  Portable  Power   Forge, 

For  General  Shop  Work. 


No.  o  Power  Forge  with  Water  Tank. 


286 


Buffalo  Portable  Power  Forges, 


With  Belted  Blowers. 


MANY  small  manufactories  are  without  the  accessory  of  a  blacksmith  shop,  yet  there  is  as  much 
necessity  for  a  forge  as  in  large  industries.     Usually  it  is  desirable  to  have  the  forge  com- 
plete, /'.  e.,  with  a  small  fan  as  a  part  of  it,  to  which  power  may  be  transmitted  from  the  main 
shaft.     Even  in  the  largest  iron  works  a  selection  of  the  designs  illustrated,  distributed  at  intervals, 
for  sharpening  tools,  tempering,  etc.,  will  be  found  very  convenient.     Power  Forges  No.  OD  and  No. 
1 ,  under  a  great  variety  of  work  in  machine  shops,  will  save  the  labor  of  a  helper. 

BUFFALO  POWER  FORGE  NO.  0,  see  cut  page  286.  This  machine  is  supplied  with  a  14- 
inch  fan,  and  has  sufficient  capacity  for  heaviest  work.  It  is  built  complete  with  tight  and  loose 
pulleys,  also  cut-off  for  the  blast,  by  which  the  fire  may  be  regulated  to  any  degree.  The  forge  may 
also  be  furnished  with  a  hand  power  attachment  for  use  at  times  when  steam  power  is  not  available, 
making  it  a  very  complete  machine.  Supplied  with  or  without  water  tank. 

BUFFALO  POWER  FORGE  NO.  OD.  Same  size  as  above,  with  patented  down-draft  hood  for 
removing  smoke,  combined  blower  and  exhauster.  See  page  288. 

BUFFALO  MACHINISTS'  POWER  FORGE  NO.  i.  see  cut  page  289.  Fan  10  inches  in 
diameter ;  intended  for  lighter  work  than  the  forges  above  described.  Furnished  with  hand  power 
attachments,  if  desired ;  also  built  with  tight  and  loose  pulleys.  A  blast  gate  is  provided.  The  forge 
is  especially  adapted  for  machinists'  use. 

BUFFALO  EXPERIMENTAL  BLOWER  AND  EXHAUSTER,  see  cut  page  289,  is  made  upon  the 
same  principle  as  Buffalo  Steel  Pressure  Blowers,  but  is  not  so  highly  finished  or  as  durable  a 
machine.  They  operate  noiselessly,  and  will  yield  as  large  a  volume  of  air,  in  proportion  to  the  sizes, 
as  the  other  types,  but  will  not  produce  the  same  amount  of  pressure.  They  are  intended  especially 
for  blowing  fires  in  portable  and  small  stationary  boilers,  for  experimenting  and  various  purposes  where 
a  small  quantity  of  air  at  an  average  pressure  is  desired.  The  No.  0  is  sufficient  to  blow  one  forge 
fire ;  No.  ^  is  sufficient  for  three  forge  fires  of  average  size. 

BUFFALO  PORTABLE  POWER  FORGES— TABLE  OF  SIZES  AND  PRICES. 


DIMENSIONS  IN  INCHES 

PRICE 

NAME 

OF 

FORGE 

Size  of       Sp-e  °f 
Fan            Pan 

Water  Tank 

WEIGHT 

w...                  w...             With  Hand          With  Hand 
w.*«              Vf,\»r       Power  Attach-    Power  Attach  - 
Water            Water            ment,  No            mentand 
Tank              Water  Tank 

Length 

Width 

Depth 

Power  0 

14 

28x50 

23^ 

Q 

250  Ibs. 

$54.00        $58.00           $58.00              $62.00 

"       OD 

14 

28x50 

23^ 

9 

t>% 

1 

10 

31x27 

150     " 

45.00                                48.00 

BUFFALO  EXPERIMENTAL  BLOWERS  AND  EXHAUSTERS. 


OUTSIDE 

PULLEYS 

OUTLET 

Diameter 

Face 

00 

2% 

8  in. 

20  Ibs. 

IX 

IX 

0 

3 

12  " 

30    " 

114: 

IX 

Y* 

4>2 

18  " 

45    " 

2 

PRICE 
For  Blower         For  Exhauster 

$  8.00 
10.00 
14.00 

)    $2.00 
\     net, 
J    extra 

287 


Buffalo  Portable  Power  Forge, 


For  General  Shop  Work. 


No.  oD  With  Down-draft  Hood,  Combined  Blower  and  Exhauster. 


288 


Buffalo  Portable  Power  Forge, 

For  Machine  Shops,  etc. 


No.   i   Power  Forge,  Half  Open  Hood. 


Buffalo  Experimental   Blowers  and  Exhausters. 


No.  oo  Experimental  Blower. 
289 


Buffalo  Stationary  Blast   Heating  Forge, 


For  Hard  Coal  or  Coke. 


No.   31  Heating  Forge,  Furnished  with  Blast  Gate. 


290 


Buffalo  Stationary  Blast  Heating  Forges, 


For  Hard  Coal  and  Coke. 


NINE  regular  designs  of  these  machines  are  built  by  this  house,  and  are  priced  below.     Only 
three   illustrations  are   herewith  presented,  for  the  reason  that  the  other  forges  are  similar  in 

appearance  and  construction,  and  only  varied  in  dimensions  for  increased  capacity.  Buffalo 
Heating  Forges  are  designed  for  heating  a  great  variety  of  work,  such  as  rivets,  bolts,  rods,  axes, 
hammers,  hatchets,  band  iron,  etc.,  and  also  for  cutting,  bending,  forming  and  forging  purposes.  They 
are  especially  adapted  to  heating  a  number  of  pieces  at  one  time,  thus  keeping  the  mechanic  fully 
supplied  with  work  ready  to  be  operated  upon  continuously.  They  will  be  found  especially  advan- 
tageous for  use  in  connection  with  steam  hammers,  steam  and  hydraulic  riveting  machines,  etc.  All 
have  double  shaking  grates,  with  a  blast  gate  for  regulating  the  supply  of  blast. 

Buffalo  Heating  Forges  may  be  furnished  so  arranged  as  to  suit  various  kinds  of  work.  Nos. 
32,  33,  34,  35,  36  and  37  are  made  with  openings  on  one  or  both  sides,  and  with  the  coal  chute  on 
one  or  both  ends,  as  desired.  They  are  also  built  with  openings  on  one  or  both  ends,  and  with  the 
coal  chute  on  one  or  both  sides.  Nos.  32  and  33  are  constructed  with  openings  on  both  ends,  making 
a  very  desirable  double  forge  for  short,  light  work.  Heating  Forge  No.  35  is  especially  adapted  for 
heating  axes,  hatchets,  hammers  and  similar  tools.  It  has  a  long,  narrow  fireplace,  and  is  very  eco- 
nomical of  fuel.  No.  37  has  an  8-inch  space  above  fire,  a  total  height  of  16  inches  from  grate  to  end 
and  inside  of  brick,  and  is  designed  for  especially  large  work.  In  ordering  or  making  inquiries,  always 
state  plainly  the  size  and  style  wanted,  and  in  what  manner  it  is  desired  to  use  the  forge.  Send  a 
full  description  of  the  work  to  be  performed.  The  efficiency  and  economy  of  these  forges  are  fully 
guaranteed.  We  can  furnish  special  sizes  and  styles  upon  short  notice,  at  moderate  cost. 

Several  Special  Buffalo  Heating  Forges  have  been  designed  for  particular  work,  and  photos, 
with  full  description  and  prices,  may  be  had  upon  application.  We  do  not  consume  space  herewith 
for  illustrating  same,  as  the  demand  for  special  construction  or  capacities  greater  than  those  below 
mentioned  is  infrequent. 

PRICE  LIST,   SIZES  AND  DIMENSIONS. 


No.                                               DESCRIPTION 

SIZE  OF 
GRATE  SURFACE 

PRICE 

30                             Complete  without  Brick 

8       x  10 

$  35.00 

31 

12      x  12 

45.00 

32 

13K  x22 

60.00 

33 

12      x20 

60.00 

34 

12      x  44 

75.00 

35 

8      x22 

55.00 

36 

18      x  40 

90.00 

37. 

18      x40 

110.00 

38 

24      x24 

75.00 

291 


Buffalo  Stationary   Blast   Heating  Forge, 


For  Hard  Coal  or  Coke. 


No.  32  Heating  Forge,  with  Blast  Gate. 


292 


Buffalo  Stationary   Blast   Heating  Forge, 


For  Hard  Coal  or  Coke. 


\ 

No.  34  Heating  Forge,  with  Four  Grates  and  Two  Blast  Gates. 


293 


Buffalo  Portable  Forge, 

Blacksmiths'  Type. 


No.  o  Hand  Forge,  with  Water  Tank  and  Sheet  Steel  Hood. 


294 


Buffalo  Portable  Forges, 

Types  and  Sizes  for  All  Requirements. 


TO-DAY,  Buffalo  Forges  are  as  well  known  to  every  mechanic  as  any  tool  before  the  public. 
Their  unparalleled  success  is  largely  due  to  the  fact  that  each  machine  sent  out  is  a  promi- 
nent advertisement  of  the  merits  of  the  goods.  The  combination  of  conscientious  workman- 
ship and  best  materials  could  have  no  other  result.  As  an  illustration  of  the  growth  of  this  depart- 
ment of  our  business,  and  of  how  the  construction  of  these  machines  has  been  brought  down  to  a  fine 
point,  it  will  be  interesting  to  know  that  for  sometime  after  the  design  of  the  first  blacksmith  forge 
was  perfected,  it  was  considered  a  good  week's  work  to  build  and  ship  two  forges.  At  the  present 
date,  five  hundred  machines  can,  with  the  greatest  ease,  be  turned  out  in  this  time,  without  in  any 
way  retarding  operations  in  the  other  departments  of  our  works.  Buffalo  Forges  are  not  only  em- 
ployed in  nine  out  of  every  ten  blacksmith  shops  in  America  where  an  improved  forge  is  used,  but  are 
to  be  found  in  every  country  on  the  globe.  Every  machine  is  sold  upon  its  merits  and  fully  guaran- 
teed. The  best  steel  shafts  are  used,  and  those  furnished  with  hoods  have  the  metal  work  built  of 
heavy  steel  plate,  which  is  more  durable  than  sheet  iron.  All  running  gear  is  heavy,  strong  and  easily 
operated.  The  blowers  are  of  the  same  excellent  construction  as  the  regular  Buffalo  Steel  Pressure 
Blowers  having  babbitted  journal  boxes.  A  stronger  blast  is  secured  from  the  fan  attached  to  the 
forge  than  from  any  other.  There  is  no  dead  center  or  back  motion  in  the  Buffalo  Portable  Forges, 
which  is  a  feature  of  all  other  machines,  and  they  have  an  easy  lever  motion,  which  does  not  confine 
the  operator  close  to  the  fire,  as  all  others  do. 

BUFFALO  BLACKSMITHS1  FORGE  NO.  0.  see  cut  page  294.  As  the  name  indicates,  this  is 
especially  adapted  for  blacksmiths.  Every  progressive  smith  and  metal  worker  in  the  country  will 
readily  appreciate  the  great  superiority  of  these  machines  to  the  bellows  and  the  brick  forge.  It  heats 
quicker  with  less  labor,  the  initial  cost  is  less,  and  the  durability  and  reliability  exceed  in  every  respect. 
Much  room,  time,  labor  and  money  are  saved.  The  forge  is  guaranteed  to  produce  a  welding  heat 
on  3-inch  iron  in  five  minutes  ;  on  4-inch  in  ten  minutes.  Its  equal  has  not  yet  been  produced. 

BUFFALO  MACHINISTS'  FORGE  NO.  1.  see  cut  page  296.  This  has  a  half-open  hood,  and 
is  guaranteed  to  yield  a  welding  heat  on  2^  and  3-inch  iron  in  from  five  to  ten  minutes  ;  it  will  do 
heavier  work  if  required.  For  all  kinds  of  tool  work,  for  machinists,  plumbers,  miners,  marble  works, 
millers,  railroad  repair  shops,  locksmiths,  planters  and  repairs  in  general,  it  possesses  superior  merit. 

BUFFALO  MACHINISTS'  FORGE  NO.  2,  see  cut  page  298.  This  is  built  with  a  hood  com- 
pletely enclosing  the  fireplace,  with  a  large  sliding  door  in  front  and  a  small  one  in  the  rear,  for 
manipulating  the  fire.  The  use  of  the  closed  hood  prevents  the  escape  of  sparks,  smoke  and  fumes, 
and  especially  adapts  this  forge  for  planing  mills,  wood-working  establishments  in  general,  oil  refineries, 
sugar  works,  varnish  works,  jewelers,  locksmiths,  and  also  for  annealing  and  refining  metals. 

BUFFALO  BOILER  MAKERS'  FORGE  NO.  3.  see  cut  page  300.  No  boiler  shop  is  completely 
equipped  without  forges  of  this  design.  They  are  also  suitable  for  iron  bridge  and  ship  builders, 
railroad  contractors,  and  for  general  outdoor  work.  As  will  be  observed  by  reference  to  the  cut,  four 
handles  are  provided  for  convenience  in  easily  moving  the  forge  from  place  to  place.  The  deep  fire- 

295 


Buffalo   Portable  Forge, 

Machinists'  Type. 


No.   i  Hand  Forge,  with  Half  Open  Hood. 


296 


Buffalo  Portable  Forges, 

Types  and  Sizes  for  All  Requirements. — Continued. 

place  peculiarly  fits  this  forge  for  heating  rivets,  and  its  capacity  is  guaranteed  sufficient  for  one  boy  to 
continuously  supply  from  three  to  four  gangs  of  riveters. 

BUFFALO  TOOL  MAKERS'  FORGE  NO.  4,  see  cut  page  301,  is  furnished  with  half-open  hood. 
It  will  produce  a  welding  heat  on  iron  \y2  inches  in  diameter  in  five  minutes,  and  also  handle  heavier 
work  if  required.  They  are  especially  recommended  for  the  service  specified,  on  account  of  the  size 
of  the  fireplace.  Die  sinkers,  metal  and  tool  makers,  wood-working  houses,  locksmiths  and  jewelers 
find  this  forge  invaluable  for  heating  and  tempering  tools  of  all  kinds. 

BUFFALO  RIVET  FORGE  NO.  5.  see  cut  page  30 1 .  The  capacity  of  this  forge  is  the  same  as 
the  No.  4,  and  it  is  especially  suitable  for  tank  builders,  elevated  railroad  contractors,  repair  work  on 
boilers,  bridges,  etc.  The  forge  is  quite  light,  strong  and  compact,  and  may  be  very  easily  carried 
about  the  country.  Widely  used  by  structural  iron  workers. 

BUFFALO  JEWELERS'  FORGE  NO.  6.  see  cut  page  302.  This  machine  is  identical  in  con- 
struction, capacity  and  design  with  the  No.  4,  with  the  exception  it  has  a  closed  hood  with  a  large 
sliding  door,  preventing  the  escape  of  sparks,  fumes  or  smoke  when  starting  the  fire.  It  is  especially 
adapted  for  jewelers,  cabinet  makers,  plumbers,  and  for  heating  and  tempering  tools  in  manufac- 
tories where  combustible  matter  is  a  basis,  affording  maximum  safety  and  economy. 

BUFFALO  BENCH  FORGE  NO.  7,  see  cut  page  303.  A  wooden  case,  19  x  19  x  19  inches, 
weighing  about  15  Ibs.,  is  furnished  with  this  forge,  when  desired.  The  machine  is  intended  for 
light  work  only.  It  may  be  easily  moved  about,  as  the  weight  is  reduced  to  a  minimum.  It  has  short 
legs,  so  that  when  used  it  is  intended  to  be  set  on  a  box  or  bench.  It  will  produce  a  welding  heat  on 
1-inch  iron  in  ten  minutes.  The  machine  is  well  adapted  for  miners  and  prospectors,  and  the  case 
has  room  for  carrying  the  usual  tools,  but  which  are  not  furnished  with  the  forge. 

BUFFALO  BENCH  FORGE  NO.  8.  see  cut  page  303.  This  forge  has  a  half-open  hood,  and  is  of 
the  same  capacity  as  No.  7.  It  is  especially  adapted  for  farmers,  tinsmiths,  locksmiths,  etc.  The  former 
find  it  a  very  valuable  tool,  as  it  enables  them  to  make  many  of  their  small  repairs,  saving  time  and  money. 

BUFFALO  BENCH  FORGE  NO.  9.  see  cut  page  303.  This  machine  is  identically  the  same  as 
the  No.  8,  with  the  exception  of  its  having  an  entirely  closed  hood,  with  a  large  double  door  in  front  and 
single  door  in  rear,  so  that  it  may  be  opened  at  both  points  if  desired.  It  is  especially  adapted  for 
charcoal  fires,  as  the  closed  hood  prevents  the  escape  of  sparks,  smoke,  etc.,  when  starting. 

BUFFALO  RAILROAD  AND  BRIDGE  BUILDERS'  FORGE  NO.  10,  see  cut  page  303.  This 
machine  is  especially  adapted  for  railroad  repair  work,  iron  bridge  and  tank  builders.  The  capacity 
is  the  same  as  the  No.  5  Forge,  see  description  above. 

BUFFALO  MINERS'  AND  PROSPECTORS'  FORGE  NO.  11,  see  cut  page  304.  The  construc- 
tion and  design  of  this  machine  are  identically  the  same  as  the  No.  5  Forge,  but  the  machine  has 
shorter  legs,  to  the  end  of  rendering  it  more  compact  for  transportation,  and  is  recommended  in  pre- 
ference to  the  No.  7  for  prospecting  purposes,  as  it  has  larger  capacity  and  permits  a  greater  variety 
of  work  to  be  done  in  less  time,  with  less  labor.  With  case,  the  weight  is  but  60  Ibs.,  and  there  is 
always  ample  room  for  a  full  line  of  tools.  These  are  not  furnished  with  the  forge. 

297 


Buffalo  Portable  Forge, 


Machinists'  Type. 


No.  2  Hand  Forge,  with  Closed  Hood. 


298 


Buffalo  Portable  Forges, 

Types  and  Sizes  for  All  Requirements. — Continued. 

BUFFALO  BUILDERS'  FORGE  (BELLOWS  TYPE)  NO.  12.  see  cut  page  304.  For  all  repair 
work,  railroad,  bridge,  tank  and  other  building,  where  a  forge  is  required,  this  machine  is  unrivaled 
in  efficiency  and  durability.  The  moving  parts  of  the  forge  are  protected  by  an  iron  drum,  practically 
of  the  same  construction  as  shown  in  wood  cut  No.  10,  and  there  is  no  danger  of  breakage  while  being 
transported  around  the  country.  For  supplying  blast,  a  bellows  is  employed,  instead  of  the  usual  iron  fan. 

BUFFALO  FORGE,  WITH  FOOT  POWER  ATTACHMENTS.  NO.  13,  see  cut  page  305.  The  fan 
being  driven  by  foot  power,  affords  the  free  use  of  both  hands,  and  minimum  ease  of  operation.  Also 
furnished  with  closed  hood,  like  cut  of  No.  2,  see  opposite  page,  price  on  application. 

BUFFALO  CRANK  FORGE  NO.  20,  see  cut  page  305,  was  originally  designed  to  meet  the 
requirements  of  customers  preferring  the  application  of  power  to  the  fan  in  this  manner. 

BUFFALO  CRANK  FORGE  NO.  21,  same  as  No.  20,  with  half  open  hood  like  Forge  No.  1 . 


BUFFALO  CRANK 

FORGE  NO.  22.  same  as  No.  20,  with  closed  hood  like  Forge  No.  2. 

PRICE 

LIST,  SIZES,  WEIGHTS  AND  PRINCIPAL  DIMENSIONS. 

No.  OF 
FORGE 

HEIGHT 
TO  TOP 
OF  BOWL 

WEIGHT                                           PRICE 
SIZE  OF                 DIAMETER 

HEARTH                   OF  FAN                 Without 
Tank 

1 

With                  Without                 With 
Tank                     Tank                   Tank 

0 

30       in. 

28  x  40  in.                14  in.              250  Ibs. 

300  Ibs.            $50.00               $54.00 

1 

29       " 

21  x27  "                  10  "                140    "                                        40.00 

2 

29       " 

21  x27  "                  10  "                150    " 

42.00 

3 

29       " 

21  x27  "                  10  "                140    " 

36.00 

4 

33       " 

18  in.  diam.               6  "                 80    " 

27.00 

5 

33       " 

18  "       "                    6  "                 75    " 

24.00 

6 
7 
8 

33       " 
15       " 
15       " 

18  "       "                    6  "                 80    "                                        30.00 
,5"       ••                     6"                  40    "          !W£,2"-          16.00 
15  "       ".                   6  "                 50    "                                         18.00 

j  WithCase, 
)     $20.00 

9 

15       " 

15  "       "                    6  "                 55    " 

20.00 

10 

32       " 

18  "     '"                    6  "                110    " 

32.00 

11 

17^   " 

18  "       "                    6  " 

65  Ibs. 

$26.00 

13 

30       " 

25  "       "                    8  "                135    " 

35.00 

20 
21 

30       " 
30       " 

25  "       "                  10  "                115    " 
25  "       "                  10  "                120    " 

24.00 
26.00 

22 

30       " 

25  "       "                  10  "                125    "                                        28.00 
I.'                         '.1 

299 


Buffalo  Portable  Forge, 

Boiler  Makers'  Type. 


No.  3  Hand  Forge,  without  Hood. 


300 


Buffalo   Portable  Forges, 

Tool  Makers'  Type.  Riveters'  Type. 


No.  4  Hand  Forge,  with  Half  Open  Hood.     •  No.  5  Hand  Forge,  with  Dash. 


301 


Buffalo  Portable  Forge, 

Jewelers'  Type. 


No.  6  Hand  Forge,  with  Closed  Hood. 


302 


Buffalo  Portable  Forges, 

Bench  Type,  for  Jewelers,  Dentists,  Miners,  Farmers,  etc. 


No.  7  Hand  Forge. 


No.  8  Hand  Forge. 


No.  9  Hand  Forge. 


No.  10  Hand  Forge. 


303 


Buffalo  Portable  Forges, 


For  Bridge  Builders,  Boiler  Makers,  Structural  Iron  Workers  and  General  Out-door  Work. 


No.  ii  Prospectors'  Hand  Forge, 
with  Case. 


No.  12  Bellows  Type,  Steel  Plate 

Construction. 
List  price  $30.00. 


3°4 


Buffalo  Portable  Forges, 


For  Boiler  Makers,  Machinists,  etc. 


No.  13  Forge  with  Foot  Power  Attach- 
ment, Half  Open  Hood. 


305 


No.  20  Crank  Forge. 


Buffalo   Hand   Blowers, 


Furnished  with  and  without  Tuyeres. 


No.  3x  Buffalo  Standard 
Hand  Blower. 


No.  5x  Crank  Hand  Blower, 
Made  Right  or  Left  Hand. 


No.  7  Double  Crank 
Hand  Blower. 


306 


Buffalo  Hand  Blowers, 

For  Blacksmith  Fires  and  General   Duty. 


WHILE  the  Buffalo  Hand  Blowers  were  originally  designed  for  ordinary  blacksmith  shop  fires 
in  connection  with  brick  forges,  and  have  very  generally  supplanted  the  old-fashioned  bellows, 
they  are  now  used  for  a  multitude  of  other  purposes.  The  running  gear  is  simple  and  con- 
structed in  the  most  superior  manner.  All  material  is  selected  with  special  reference  to  durability. 
The  bearings  and  shafts  are  very  carefully  prepared.  The  frames  are  substantially  braced.  Weights 
are  reduced  to  a  minimum,  rendering  the  Buffalo  Hand  Blowers  readily  portable  in  either  the  iron  or 
wood  frame  types  (see  opposite  and  following  pages). 

The  original  Buffalo  Hand  Blowers  were  built  with  wooden  frames  (see  illustrations  of  Nos. 
3  and  5,  page  308).  The  adoption  of  the  iron  frame  (see  illustration  on  opposite  page)  marks  an 
improvement,  being  far  more  durable  and  substantial  in  every  way.  In  this  regard  they  will  be  found 
well  worth  the  extra  cost.  The  wooden  frame  hand  blower  yet  has  its  adherents,  being  preferred  by 
many.  We  therefore  offer  both  types,  that  the  needs  of  all  customers  may  be  fully  met. 

BUFFALO  HAND  BLOWER  NO.  2.  Horizontal  type,  similar  in  design  to  the  No.  4,  see 
illustration  on  page  310,  and  especially  adapted  for  all  blacksmith  purposes.  It  produces  a  welding 
heat  on  3-inch  iron  in  five  minutes  and  4-inch  iron  in  10  minutes.  Heavier  work  can  be  accom- 
plished if  required.  Furnished  with  or  without  tuyere. 

BUFFALO  HAND  BLOWER  NO.  3.  see  cut  page  308.  This  is  generally  termed  the  "Buffalo 
Standard."  and  is  extensively  employed  in  blacksmith  shops.  It  is  furnished  right  or  left  hand,  as 
desired,  and  with  or  without  tuyere.  Four-fold  more  of  these  hand  blowers  are  in  daily  use  in  gen- 
eral shops  in  America  than  all  other  makes  combined.  They  also  have  been  widely  introduced 
in  foreign  countries.  Compact  in  form  and  of  large  capacity. 

BUFFALO  HAND  BLOWER  NO  3X,  see  page  306,  is  the  same  machine  as  the  No.  3  above 
described,  excepting  that  tube  steel  frames  have  been  adopted  instead  of  wooden  ones.  The  base  is 
of  heavy  cast  iron.  This  combination  affords  maximum  stability  and  durability.  The  unusual 
strength  of  frame  has  made  this  type  very  popular  for  mining  work  and  other  situations  where  a 
blower  is  subjected  to  rough  usage.  It  is  easily  portable. 

BUFFALO  HAND  BLOWER  NO.  4,  see  page  3 10.  This  is  the  largest  size  of  hand  blower 
built  in  the  world.  For  certain  classes  of  work,  the  horizontal  type  of  hand  blower  is  pre-eminently 
adapted.  This  machine  is  especially  designed  for  flange  fires  in  boiler  shops,  and  extra  heavy  service 
in  ship-smith  shops.  A  great  favorite  for  the  heaviest  hand  blower  requirements.  Supplied  with 
or  without  tuyere,  as  may  be  ordered. 

BUFFALO  HAND  BLOWER  NO.  5,  see  page  308,  has  our  patented  ratchet  crank.  When  re- 
leased by  the  operator  it  does  not  continue  to  revolve,  though  the  blower  is  still  running,  but  drops  to 
the  position  indicated  in  the  cut,  which  is  the  most  convenient  for  starting.  The  gears  are  proportioned 
to  give  the  required  speed  to  the  fan  at  a  slow  crank  motion,  with  a  minimum  loss  of  power  by  fric- 
tion. At  30  turns  of  the  crank  per  minute,  will  blow  strong  enough  to  heat  3  to  4-inch  iron  in  5  to  10 
minutes.  Furnished  with  or  without  tuyere.  This  is  the  standard  crank  blower  with  wooden  frame. 

3°7 


Buffalo  Hand  Blowers, 

Blacksmiths'  Type,  Furnished  with  or  without  Tuyeres. 


No.  5  Crank  Hand  Blower.  No    3  Hand  Blower,  Right  or  Left  Hand. 


308 


Buffalo  Hand  Blowers, 

For  Blacksmith  Fires  and  General  Duty. — Continued. 

BUFFALO  HAND  BLOWER  NO.  5X.  see  page  306,  has  precisely  the  same  capacity  as  the 
No.  5  described  on  page  307.  The  construction  embodies  the  steel  tube  frame,  and  heavy  cast  iron 
base.  The  entire  machine  is  made  of  extra  strength  and  stiffness,  to  withstand  the  wear  and  tear 
incident  to  the  heaviest  indoor  and  outdoor  service.  Furnished  with  or  without  tuyere. 

BUFFALO  HAND  BLOWER  NO.  6,  see  illustration  page  3 1 1 ,  is  ordinarily  known  as  the  Buffalo 
"  Whirlwind."  Its  compactness,  great  wind  power,  and  self-contained  features  are  especially  notable. 
The  blower  is  entirely  noiseless,  and  is  furnished  with  our  patented  ratchet  crank  (see  description  for 
No.  5).  The  fan  is  of  extra  large  diameter,  and  the  frame  is  of  tube  steel  throughout.  The  fly 
wheel  is  48  inches  diameter  over  all.  These  details,  the  illustration,  and  a  constantly  increasing 
demand,  clearly  indicate  the  great  superiority  of  this  blower  over  all  others  of  the  same  form. 

BUFFALO  DOUBLE  CRANK  HAND  BLOWER  NO.  7.  see  cut  page  306.  For  temporarily  ven- 
tilating tunnels  or  underground  passages  where  steam  power  is  not  available,  this  blower  has  found 
wide  favor.  It  was  designed  especially  for  such  work  as  dispelling  smoke  and  fumes  resulting  from 
blasting  operations  in  mining  drifts,  etc.  It  has  been  used  for  this  service  for  several  years,  and  has 
proven  to  be  the  only  practical  hand  blower  made,  adequate  for  such  service.  The  fan  is  of  extra 
large  capacity,  and  operates  with  a  minimum  amount  of  power.  The  arrangement  is  such  that  both 
cranks  may  be  operated  simultaneously  or  separately,  as  desired.  For  special  heavy  blacksmithing, 
emergency  work  or  any  situation  requiring  a  heavy  blast,  this  blower  excels  any  hand  power 
machine  yet  produced.  The  tube  steel  frame  and  cast  iron  base  are  so  heavy  as  to  withstand  any 
possible  working  strain.  Furnished  with  or  without  tuyere,  as  may  be  ordered. 

TABLE  OF  PRICES,  SIZES,  WEIGHTS  AND  DIMENSIONS. 


NUMBER 

DIMENSIONS 

WEIGHT 

PRICE 

OF  HAND 

BLOWER 

Height 

Length 

Size  of  Fan 

Without 
Tuyere 

With 
Tuyere 

Without 
Tuyere 

With 
Tuyere 

Tuyere 
Only 

2 

35  in. 

32  in.             14  in. 

130  Ibs. 

150  Ibs. 

$30.00 

$32.00 

$3.50 

3 

47  M 

28  "               14  " 

115     " 

130    "              23.00 

25.00 

3.50 

3X 

46  " 

28  " 

14  "              150    " 

170    "              25.00              27.00 

3.50 

4 

35  " 

35  " 

17  "             200    •• 

225    "              34.00              36.00                 3.50 

5 

47  .. 

28  " 

14  "             105    " 

125    "              18.00 

20.00                3.50 

5X 

44  " 

28  " 

14  "             140    " 

160    "              20.00 

22.00                 3.50 

6 

72  " 

48  "              17  "             198    " 

210    "             26.00 

28.00 

3.50 

7 

46  " 

31   " 

17  "             175    " 

195    " 

30.00 

32.00 

3.50 

309 


Buffalo  Hand  Blower, 

Blacksmiths'  Type,  Furnished  with  or  without  Tuyere. 


No.  4  Hand  Blower,  with  Tuyere. 


310 


Buffalo   Hand  Blower, 

Blacksmiths'  Type. 


No.  6  Hand  Blower  for  Brick  Forges,  etc. 


Buffalo  Blacksmith  Drills, 


Hand  Power  Type. 


No.  61  with  Wood  Back. 


No.  60  with  Iron  Back. 


312 


Buffalo   Blacksmith   Drills, 


Upright  Hand  and  Power  Machines. 


THE  various  designs  of  the  Buffalo  Blacksmith  Drills  described  below,  afford  machines  adapted  to 
a  wide  variety  of  uses.  Each  drill  is  unique  in  that  it  is  more  complete  and  embodies  a 
greater  number  of  desirable  points  than  any  others  of  the  same  cost.  The  workmanship  and 
material  are  of  the  highest  order.  All  shafts  and  screws  are  of  the  best  steel,  the  gears  are  made 
from  the  most  improved  patterns,  machine  cut,  and  are  unexcelled  in  smoothness  of  action.  The 
bearings  are  solid,  not  babbitted,  but  are  bored  out  and  reamed  to  gauges  of  cast  iron.  This  gives 
the  most  durable  result.  The  list  contains  several  new  designs,  and  the  previous  ones  have  all  been 
carefully  remodeled  throughout,  so  that  every  drill  is  fully  up  to  date.  Each  machine  herein  offered 
will  be  found  superior  in  efficiency,  ease  of  operating  and  all  points  which  combine  to  make  a  perfect 
machine.  The  different  types  described  by  the  table  will  be  found  to  cover  the  requirements  of  the 
smallest  smithy  to  that  of  the  largest  carriage  and  wagon  manufacturing  establishment. 

PRICE  LIST,  TABLE  OF  DIMENSIONS  AND  CAPACITIES. 


DESCRIPTION 


No.  60.      Hand  drill 


No.  60A.  Hand  and  power  drill 


Length 

in 
Inches 


42 


42 


Weight 

in 
Lbs. 


135  | 
153  | 


CAPACITY 


1  YI  in.  hole, 
center  \6%  in.  circle 

\Yz  in.  hole, 
center  16"^  in.  circle 


_  , 
Run  of 
Feed 


Countershaft 
Pulleys 


PRICE 


$32.00 


36.00 


No.  60B.   Hand  drill  with  emery  wheel         42 

No.  60C.  Hand  and  power  drill  with    \    ^ 
emery  wheel 

No.  60D.  Hand  and  power  drill  with  ] 

tight    and   lopse  pulley  and  f    42 

countershaft 

No.  60E.   Hand  and  power  drill  with  } 

tight    and  loose    pulley   and  r   42 

countershaft 

No.  60F.   Hand  and  power   drill  with    \ 
cone  pulley  and  countershaft    I 

No.  60G.  Hand  and  power  drill  with 

cone  pulley,  countershaft  and     f   42 
emery  wheel 


145  -(  1^  in.  hole, 

center  16^  in.  circle 


163 


209 


208 


\Yz  in.  hole, 
center  16^  in.  circle 

\Yt  in.  hole, 
center  16^  in.  circle 

\y>  in.  hole, 
center  16j^  in.  circle 

\yi  in.  hole, 
center  161^  in.  circle 


231    /  1/4  in.  hole, 

I     center  16^  in.  circle 


\< 


34.00 


38.00 


50.00 


52.00 


50.00 


52.00 


313 


Buffalo  Blacksmith  Drills, 


Hand  and  Power  Types. 


No.  6iB  with  Emery  Wheel. 


No.  6iG  with  Cone  Pulley 
and  Countershaft. 


Buffalo  Blacksmith   Drills, 

Price  List,  Table  of  Dimensions  and  Capacities. — Continued. 


DESCRIPTION 

Length 
in 
Inches 

Weight 
in 
Lbs. 

Ru 

CAPACITY 
Inc 

,      Countershaft 
Pulleys 
PRICE 
'         Diam.      Face 
'     in  In.      in  In. 

No.  61.      Hand  drill,  same  as  No.  60, 
but  with  wood  back 

}* 

„,{ 

'X  in.  hole.             I4            8            3             $32  OQ 
center  16%   in.  circle 

No.  61A.  Hand  and  power  drill 

54 

135  | 

72          •                •                       (,    i 

center  \6l/2  in.  circle     ' 

\           8            3               36.00 

No.  61  B.   Hand  drill  with  emery  wheel 

54 

127  | 

\Yz  in.  hole,             1   L 
center  16*4  in.  circle     ' 

\           8            3               34.00 

No.  61C.  Hand  and  power  drill  with 
emery  wheel 

}54 

147  { 

IX  in.  hole,             )   4           8            3               J8  oo 
center  16^4  in.  circle     1 

No.  61  D.  Hand  and  power   drill  with 
tight  and   loose   pulley   and 
countershaft 

}•„ 

191  | 

^in-hole'              I  4            8            3               50.00 
center  16^  in.  circle 

No.  61  E.   Hand   and    power  drill  with 
tight  and  loose  pulley,  coun- 
tershaft and  emery  wheel 

}» 

203  | 

1  Kin.  hole,             I  4            8            3               52.00 
center  16^  in.  circle     > 

No.  61  F.   Hand  and  power   drill  with 
cone  pulley  and  countershaft 

}54 

190  | 

1  Yz  in.  hole,              | 
center  16^  in.  circle  ,  t 

\           8            3               50.00 

No.  61  G.  Hand   and  power  drill  with 
cone  pulley,  countershaft  and 
emery  wheel 

}« 

213  | 

1  Yi  in.  hole,             )    . 
•  ' 
center  16>^  in.  circle     1 

\           8            3               52.00 

No.  66.      Hand  drill 

37 

100  | 

1  in.  hole,                )    , 
center  15  in.  circle       1 

IX                                     22.00 

No.  66A.  Hand  and  power  drill 

37 

-{ 

1  in.  hole,                "^  , 
center  15  in.  circle       * 

IX        5l/2        2               26.00 

No.  66B.  Hand  drill  with  emery  wheel 

37 

95  I               l  in'  hole'               I  : 
i       center  15  in.  circle       J 

IX                                     24.00 

No.  66C.  Hand   and   power  drill  with 
emery  wheel 

}37 

103  { 

1  in.  hole,               ^  , 
center  15  in.  circle       ' 

IX        5^        2               28.00 

No.  68.      Hand  drill,  same  as  No.  66, 
but  with  wood  back 

1    44 

97  { 

1  in'  hole'               I  3X                                     22.00 
center  15  in.  circle       • 

! 

315 


Buffalo   Blacksmith   Drills, 


Hand  Power  Type,  with  Automatic  Feed. 


No.  66  with  Automatic  Feed. 


No.  68  with  Automatic  Feed. 


316 


Buffalo   Blacksmith   Drills, 

Price  List,  Table  of  Dimensions  and  Capacities. — Continued. 


Length 
DESCRIPTION                                      in 
Inches 

Weight 
in                         CAPACITY 
Lbs. 

Countershaft 
Pulleys 

PRICE 

'-has  >r 

Face 
in  In. 

2 

No. 

68A.   Hand  and  power  drill                     44 

105    ' 
center 

in. 
15 

hole, 
in.  circle 

1       o  I/             C   i/ 
.-    3X           ^/2 

$26.00 

No. 

68B.   Hand  drill  with  emery  wheel 

44 

107  ; 

center 

in. 
15 

hole, 
in.  circle 

}3X 

24.00 

No. 

68C.   Hand   and  power  drill  with 
emery  wheel 

I   44 

115   [ 
center 

in. 
15 

hole,               )   ^./      r,/ 
in.  circle       ' 

2 

28.00 

No. 

69.      Hand-feed  drill 

28 

50   '        From 
center 

/8 

19 

to 

in 

7/&  in., 
.  circle 

}3X 

15.00 

No. 

71.      Automatic  feed,  triple  gear 

44 

125   '        From 
center 

11 

to 

in 

IX  in., 
.  circle 

'-  5                                         36.00 

No. 

71^.  Same  as  above  for  power              44 

125   |       From 
center 

11 

to 

in 

IX  in., 
.  circle 

40.00 

No. 

72.      Same  as  No.  71,  with  emery 
grinder 

|    44 

125  {       From 
center 

>'8 
11 

to 

in 

IX  in., 
.  circle 

^ 

38.00 

No. 

72^-  Same  as  No.  71J4,  with  emery 
grinder 

\   44 

125   |       From 
center 

11 

to 

in 

IX  in-, 
circle 

^ 
[•  5                                         42.00 

No. 

73.      Upright  triple  gear  automatic    "i 
drill                                               ;  f    v 

190  •[       From 
center 

1A 

11 

to 

in 

IX  in., 
.  circle 

|  5                                         46.00 

No. 

74.      Upright  triple  gear  automatic 
drill  with  emery  grinder 

I5* 

200   '        From 
center 

ys  to 

15  in 

IX  in., 
.  circle 

1  5                                         48.00 

No. 

75.      Same  as   No.   73,  but  com- 
bined hand  and  power  ma- 
chine 

[    54           208   [       From 
j                                   center 

15 

to 

in 

IX  in- 
.  circle 

f 

52.00 

No. 

76.      Same  as  No.  75,  with  emery 
wheel 

}  154           218   [       From 
center 

15 

to 

in 

IX  in- 
.  circle 

h 

54.00 

No. 

77.      Same  as  No.  75,  with  coun- 
tershaft 

}    54           260   *        From 
center 

1A 

15 

to 

in 

IX  in-, 
.  circle 

I    ^ 
j 

66.00 

317 


Buffalo   Blacksmith   Drills, 


With  Hand  and  Automatic  Feed. 


No.  69  Hand  Feed  Drill. 


No.  71   Automatic  Feed  Drill. 


318 


Buffalo   Blacksmith  Drills, 

Price  List,  Table  of  Dimensions  and  Capacities. — Continued. 


DESCRIPTIO 


^ 

Length 
in 
Inches 

Weight 
in 
Lbs. 

CAPACITY 

Run  of 
Feed 
in 
Inches 

Countershaft 
Pulleys 

Diam.      Face 
in  In.       in  In. 

PRICE 

No.  78. 

Same  as  No.  77,  with  emery 
wheel 

}•    54           27 

-   f  :     From  l/%  to  1^  in- 
I       center  15  in.  circle 

No.  79. 

Hand  and  power  triple  gear 

54           21 

0  /       From  } 
center 

4  to  \y2  in., 
15  in.  circle 

No.  80. 

Same  as  No.  79.  with  emery 
wheel 

I    54           22 

0  {       From  - 
center 

/s  to  \yz  in., 
15  in.  circle 

No.  81. 

Same  as  No.  79.  with  coun- 
tershaft 

|    54           27 

Q   f       From  ^  to  IK  in-> 
1       center  15  in.  circle 

No.  82. 

Same  as  No.  81,  with  emery 
wheel 

1   54          280  {       From  #10  i#  in, 

j                           I       center  15  in.  circle 

No.  83. 

Lever  drill,  without  counter- 
shaft 

j-    50            15 

,    f     Drills  to 
6\ 

center  13  in. 
circle 

No.  84. 

Lever  drill  with  countershaft 

50           215  {     Drills  t0 

center  13  in. 
circle 

No.  85. 

Lever   drill   with   tight    and 
loose  pulley  (in  place  of  cone) 

}   50            165  {     Drills  t0 

center  13  in. 
circle 

No.  86. 

Lever   drill   with    tight    and 
loose    pulley    and    counter- 

t   50           28 

n   (     Drills  to  center  13  in. 
<-                   circle 

shaft 


No.  87.      Lever  drill  with  countershaft         66 


No.  88.      Lever  drill  with  countershaft 
with  back  gear 


,  , 


Drills  to  center  20  in. 
circle 

Drills  to  center  20  in. 
circle 


8  3 


$68.00 


52.00 


54.00 


65.00 


67.00 


65.00 


75.00 


65.00 


75.00 


120.00 


130.00 


The  Buffalo  Hand  and  Power  Drills  have  found  wide  favor  for  general  work  outside  of  the  'smith 
shop.  Nos.  87  and  88  have  been  extensively  sold,  and  are  in  every  respect  a  high  grade  machine 
tool.  The  No.  88  back  gear  drill  may  be  furnished  with  special  attachment  for  holding  wheels  while 
drilling  the  tires,  when  so  ordered.  Careful  examination  of  nearly  all  the  various  types  will  reveal 
peculiar  features  of  design  which  are  indispensable  for  a  great  many  requirements. 


319 


Buffalo   Blacksmith   Drills, 

With  Automatic  Feed,  Triple  Gear. 


No.  74  Drill  with  Emery  Grinder. 


No.  75  Hand  and  Power  Drill. 


320 


Buffalo   Blacksmith   Drills, 


Triple  Gear,  Automatic  and  Lever  Feeds. 


No.  83  Power  Drill  with  Lever  Feed. 


No.  81  Combined  Hand  and  Power  Drill. 


321 


Buffalo    Blacksmith   Drill, 

Specially  Adapted  for  Carriage  and  Wagon  Manufactories. 


No.  87  Power  Drill. 


322 


Buffalo  Blacksmith  Drill, 

For  Carriage,  Wagon,  Agricultural  Implement  and  General  Manufactories. 


No.  88  Power  Drill,  with  Back  Gear. 


323 


Buffalo  Punch,  Shear  and   Bar  Cutter, 

Combined  Tool  for  General  Use. 


Punch,  Shear  and  Bar  Cutter,  Combined. 


324 


Buffalo  Punch,  Shear,  Bar  and  Angle  Iron  Cutters, 

For  Blacksmiths  and  General  Work. 


THESE  tools  are  made  in  four  forms,  viz.:  Buffalo  Combined  Punch,  Shear  and  Bar  Cutter, 
Buffalo  Continuous  Shear,  Buffalo  Independent  Punch,  and  Buffalo  Angle  Iron  Cutter.     The 
first  is  most  suitable  for  blacksmith  and  general  shop  work,  where  use  is  found  for  a  combined 
punching,  shearing  and  cutting  hand  tool.     The  Continuous  Shear  is  designed  for  tinners  and  sheet 
iron  workers,   being  especially  built  for  their  requirements.     The   Independent   Punch  is  likewise 
intended  for  special  situations,  or  where  a  powerful  hand  punch  is  required.     The  Angle  Iron  Cutter 
is  indispensable  for  bridge  builders,  structural  iron  workers,  wire  and  fence  makers,  etc. 

Durability,  compactness  and  power  are  so  combined  as  to  secure  the  acme  of  perfection. 
The  mechanism  is  unique.  The  combination  of  leverages  is  so  arranged  that  the  cutting  is 
done  up  from  the  bottom.  This  enables  one  man  to  perform  a  greater  amount  of  work  easier  than 
two  using  the  old  style  down-cut  machines.  The  operator  can  work  without  a  helper,  and  the 
combined  tool  requires  no  adjusting  whatever  in  changing  the  work,  being  always  ready  to  per- 
form any  of  its  three  duties.  All  machines  are  furnished  with  three  foot  levers,  and  every  part  is 
interchangeable,  so  that  any  detail  may  be  furnished  at  once  in  the  event  of  breakage,  which  seldom 
occurs,  barring  accidents,  and  when  handling  work  greater  than  the  listed  capacities. 

Every  machine  is  guaranteed  to  do  the  work  specified  as  its  capacity  in  the  following  table,  with 
ease,  and  to  require  no  crowding  to  perform  such  service.  Each  is  thoroughly  tested  to  the  work 
listed  as  its  capacity  before  leaving  our  works,  and  samples  of  such  are  sent  with  every  ship- 
ment. The  ease  with  which  the  work  claimed  may  be  performed  is  a  surprise  to  many  buyers,  and 
ofttimes  heavier  work  is  attempted.  The  capacity  table  gives  the  greatest  amount  of  work  which  it 
is  desirable  to  handle  with  each  size,  and  anything  attempted  above  this  must  be  at  the  risk  of  the 
purchaser,  who  should  bear  in  mind  that  this  is  a  hand  tool  and  not  a  power  machine. 

PRICE  LIST,  SIZES  AND  DIMENSIONS. 


Punches 

CAPACITIES 

Furnished 

Shear 

Punch                                       Cut-off 

1      Combined    ;     -??,    l/%. 

j/-in.  strap  iron,  11^  in.  wide    Mj  in.  in  lA-\n.  iron       0  to  3/6  -in.  round  iron 

$40.00 

fa  A.  X.   TV*  "     " 

'2       "      " 

X  '    "  X  '            X 

H 

' 

' 

50.00 

3                     X,  A.  fa   X"     " 

'      3       "       " 

3/s  "  "  H  "     "     3/& 

i 

70.00 

4              "               X-  #,  #,     #    "        " 

•3       "       " 

Yz     "      "      l/L      "           "            TZ 

'X 

' 

100.00 

6          Shear 

0  to  }£  ir 

.  thickness 

0 

3/8 

' 

' 

' 

30.00 

7 

0  to  T3ff  ' 

'• 

0 

40.00 

8 

0  to  yf   ' 

" 

X 

X 

' 

50.00 

9 

Oto^   ' 

" 

K 

100.00 

12         Punch 

A.    #• 

/s  in.  in  l/&-\n.  iron                                                   30.00 

13 

#.  A.  X- 

X   "    "  X   "       "                                                   40.00 

14 

X.  A.  #. 

^     "      "     3/&     "          "       !                                                                     50.00 

15 

X-  #.  fa 

y2  "  "  #  "    "                                 6o.oo 

.,      Angle  Iron 
Cutter 

Will  cut  up  to  3  in.  x  3  in.  x  j^  in.  angle        40  00 
iron  or  steel. 

Extra  punches  $1.00  each,  extra  knives  $1.00  each,  extra  cutters  $1.00  per  pair. 


325 


Buffalo  Continuous  Shear  and  Independent  Punch, 

For  Tinners,  Sheet  Iron  Workers,  Boiler  Makers  and  General  Shops. 


Continuous  Shear. 


Independent  Punch. 


326 


Buffalo  Angle  Shear, 

For  Sheet  and  Structural  Iron  Workers,  Cornice  and  Fence  Makers,  etc. 


Furnished  with  Lever  for  Operating. 


327 


Buffalo  Tire  Upsetters, 

For  Carriage,  Wagon  and  Blacksmith  Shops. 


For  Upright  Position,  Furnished  with  Lever  for  Operating.     Fig.   i. 


For  Horizontal  or  Upright  Position,  Clamps  have  Corrugated  Jaws,  Furnished  with 

Lever  for  Operating.     Fig.  2. 

328 


Buffalo  Tire  Upsetters, 

For  Carriage,  Wagon  and  Blacksmith  Shops. 


THE  remarkable  power  exerted  by  the  patented  compound  lever  principle,  first  employed  in  the 
Buffalo  Combined  Punch,  Shear  and  Bar  Cutters  now  used  in  all  better  classes  of  smith-shops 

throughout  the  country,  has  led  us  to  extend  the  field  of  usefulness  of  this  mechanical  con- 
trivance. Heretofore,  existing  tire  upsetters  have  been  of  comparatively  little  value  on  account  of 
their  unreliability,  general  inefficiency  and  lack  of  convenience  in  operation.  After  very  extensive 
and  thorough  experiments,  we  have  succeeded  in  perfectly  adapting  the  same  powerful  principle  to 
the  Buffalo  Tire  Upsetters  or  Shrinkers.  The  result  has  been  as  eminently  satisfactory  as  in  the 
punch,  shear  and  bar  cutters.  These  upsetters  readily  accomplish  work  which  has  been  entirely 
beyond  the  claimed  capacities  of  all  other  tire  shrinkers  on  the  market. 

The  engraving  at  the  top  of  the  opposite  page,  Figure  1 ,  shows  the  type  adapted  for  an  upright 
position.  This  form  is  very  generally  the  choice  of  the  trade,  and  is  a  marvel  of  convenience  and 
efficiency.  Lugs  are  cast  on  the  frame  for  ready  attachment  to  posts  or  other  solid  points  in  the 
shop  convenient  for  use.  Figure  2  illustrates  a  form  adapted  for  horizontal  or  upright  position. 
The  clamps  have  corrugated,  not  plain,  jaws  as  shown  by  this  cut.  Both  of  the  above  types  of 
upsetters  are  furnished  with  levers  of  convenient  length  for  operating. 

As  the  illustration  shows,  great  compactness  of  frame  is  secured,  which  reduces  the  danger 
of  breakage  to  a  minimum.  The  central  presser  foot  holds  the  tire  in  place  and  effectually  prevents 
all  possibility  of  kinking  of  the  tire  during  the  process  of  shrinking.  The  corrugations  of  the  clamps 
and  bed  are  of  chilled  metal  and  grip  the  tire  with  a  power  and  tenacity  never  before  equalled  in  any 
tire  upsetter.  The  larger  sizes  may  be  furnished  with  attachments  for  shrinking  axles,  at  a  slight 
additional  cost,  which  will  be  named  on  application. 

Every  machine  sold  is  guaranteed  to  have  the  capacity  claimed  for  the  respective  sizes,  and 
to  do  such  work  readily  and  without  crowding.  The  work  listed  as  to  each  tool's  capacity  is  actually 
performed  before  leaving  the  works.  Any  heavier  work  attempted,  above  that  recommended,  must 
be  at  the  risk  of  the  purchaser. 

PRICE  LIST,  SIZES  AND  CAPACITIES. 


No. 

CAPACITY 

PRICE 

1 

Will  upset  tires  up  to  2^  inches  wide  x  ^  inch  thick 

$10.00 

2 

3/2       "         "     x^     "         " 

15.00 

3 

4%       "         "     *%     " 

20.00 

4 

4^       "         "     x?/8     " 

25.00 

No.  4  also  shrinks  axles  up  to  1  ^  inches  square. 


329 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 


Instruments  for  Measuring  Air. 


Pressure  Gauge, 
Front  View. 


Pressure  Gauge, 
Side  Section. 


Anemometer,  Front  and  Rear  Views. 
33° 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 

Pressures,  Corresponding  Velocities  and  Water  Column  Heights. 


Table  of 
Pressures 
per  Sq.  Inch, 
in  Ounces 

Corresponding 
Height  of 
Water  Column, 
in  Inches 

Air  Velocities  per 
Minute,  Corresponding 
to  Pressures 
per  Square  Inch 

Table  of 
Pressures 
per  Sq.  Inch, 
in  Ounces 

Corresponding 
Height  of 
Water  Column, 
in  Inches 

Air  Velocities  per 
Minute,  Corresponding 
to  Pressures 
per  Square  Inch 

X 

.4335 

2584.80 

10 

17.340 

16683.51 

# 

.8671 

3657.60 

11 

19.074 

17533.50 

X 

1.3005 

4482.00 

12 

20.808 

18350.34 

1 

1.734 

5175.00 

13 

22.542 

19138.26 

2 

3.468 

7338.24 

14 

24.276 

19900.68 

3 

5.202 

9006.42 

15 

26.01 

20640.48 

4 

6.936 

10421.58 

16 

27.75 

21360.00 

5 

8.670 

11676.00 

17 

29.478 

22060.80 

6 

10.404 

12817.08 

18 

31.212 

22745.40 

7 

12.138 

13872.72 

19 

32.946 

23415.00 

8 

13.872 

14861.16 

20 

34.680 

24070.80 

9 

15.606 

15795.06 

1 

THE  instruments  most  widely  used  in  measuring  air  and  in  making  air  tests  are  shown  on  the 
opposite  page.     Clearly  determined  experimental  data,  obtained  with  the  most  carefully  made, 
calibrated  and  standardized  instruments,  are  the  basis  of  all  calculations  and  installations  of 
this  house.      In  all  details  the  greatest  care  is  exercised. 

The  hygrophant  (see  page  152)  is  used  in  determining  the  humidity,  or  in  other  words,  the  rela- 
tive "  wetness  "  of  the  air,  and  is  especially  valuable  in  drying  work,  for  ascertaining  and  regulating 
the  condition  of  the  air  in  the  dryer.  The  air  meter  is  an  instrument  for  measuring  the  velocity  of 
the  air,  being  practically  a  small  fan  with  an  indicating  device.  This  instrument  may  be  used  up  to 
velocities  of  7000  feet  per  minute.  The  blast  "gauge  is  an  apparatus  for  measuring  the  pressure  of 
the  air,  and  is  arranged  so  that  a  portion  of  the  air  blast,  the  pressure  of  which  it  is  desired  to  ascer- 
tain, is  led  to  the  gauge,  and  the  position  of  the  mercury  or  water  indicates  the  pressure  of  the  air 
in  inches  of  water,  or  in  ounces.  These,  with  the  finest  tachometers  for  indicating  rotation  speeds, 
and  steam  and  brake  indicators  for  measuring  power  of  engines,  figure  conspicuously  in  our  testing 
department.  Customers  are  always  welcome  to  inspect  the  application  and  use  of  these  devices  at 
our  works  during  tests  of  their  purchases.  New  and  interesting  features  may  nearly  always  be  seen 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 

Table  of  Register  Sizes  for  Given  Air  Volumes. 


THE  following  table  gives  the  sizes  of  registers  or  faces  of  standard  manufacture  for  required 
volumes  of  air.  Several  are  mentioned  for  each  stated  volume  of  air,  so  that  the  form  of  the 
register  may  be  selected  to  conform  as  far  as  possible  to  the  width  of  the  flue  on  which  it  is  to 
be  placed.  All  are  calculated  on  a  basis  of  velocity  of  air  through  the  register  of  500  feet  per 
minute,  an  agreeable  and  proper  velocity  for  wall  registers  located  8  feet  above  the  floor,  /.  e.,  above 
heads  of  people.  For  floor  registers  and  those  located  in  walls  or  elsewhere  near  floor,  the  velocity 
should  not  be  over  250  feet  per  minute.  The  size  of  register  for  such  conditions  may  be  easily 
selected  from  this  table  by  simply  taking  the  size  given  for  twice  the  volume  of  air  required.  For 
example,  for  a  size  of  wall  register  for  1000  cubic  feet  per  minute  at  500  feet  per  minute  velocity, 
select  registers  from  sizes  given  opposite  1000  in  this  table,  and  for  size  floor  register  for  1000  cubic 
feet  per  minute  at  250  feet  per  minute  velocity,  select  register  from  size  opposite  2000  in  this  table. 
Instead  of  introducing  more  than  3000  cubic  feet  of  air  per  minute  into  a  school,  office  or  church 
through  one  register,  it  is  usually  preferable  to  use  two  or  more,  thus  securing  more  even  distribution. 


Air  per 
Minute 

Sizes  of  Registers,  in  Inches 

Air  per 
Minute 

Sizes  of  Registers,  in  Inches 

100 

6x  10 

1550 

18  x  36 

24x27 

27x27 

24x30 

150 

6x  10 

7  x  10 

1600 

18  x36 

24x27 

27x27 

24  x  30 

200 

6x  14 

8x  10 

8x  12 

1650 

24x30 

27x27 

250 

6x  18 

8x  15 

9x  12 

10  x  12 

1700 

24x30 

27x27 

300 

8  x  15 

9x14 

10  x  12 

10  x  14 

1750 

24x30 

27x27 

24x32 

350 

8  x  18 

9x16 

10  x  16 

12  x  12 

1800 

24x32 

24x30 

27x27 

24x32 

400 

8  x21 

9x20 

10  x  18 

12  x  15 

1850 

24x32 

24x30 

27x27 

24x32 

450 

8  x24 

9  x20 

10x20 

12  x  17 

1900 

'   24x32 

24x30 

27x27 

24x32 

500 

12  x  18 

12  x  19 

14  x  16 

1950 

24x32 

24x30 

27x27 

24  x  32 

550 

12  x  19 

12x20 

14  x  18 

2000 

24x32 

24x36 

30x30 

600 

12x20 

12x24 

14x20 

16  x  16 

2050 

24x32 

24x36 

30x30 

650 

12x24 

14x20 

16  x  16 

16  x  18    ; 

2100 

24x36 

30x30 

700 

12x24 

14x22 

16  x  18 

2150 

24x36 

30x30 

750 

14x22 

16  x  18 

16x20 

18x18 

2200 

24  x  36 

30x30 

27  x38 

800 

12x30 

16x22 

18  x21 

2250 

24x36 

30x30 

27x38 

850 

12x30 

16x22 

16x24 

18  x21 

2300 

30x30 

27x38 

900 

12x36 

15x25 

16x24 

18  x21 

2350 

30x30 

27x38 

24  x  45 

30  x  36 

950 

12x36 

16x28 

18  x24 

20x20 

2400 

27x38 

24x45 

30x36 

1000 

12x36 

16x28 

18  x24 

20x24 

2450 

27  x  38 

24x45 

30  x  36 

1050 

18  x24 

20x24 

2500 

24x45 

30x36 

1100 

20x24 

18x27 

2550 

24x45 

30x36 

1150 

16x32 

18x27 

20x24 

2600 

24x45 

30x36 

1200 

18x27 

18x30 

20x26 

2650 

24x45 

30x36 

1250 

16x32 

18x30 

20x26 

24x24 

2700 

24x45 

30x36 

1300 

18x30 

20x26 

24x24 

2750 

24x45 

30x36 

30x42 

1350 

18x30 

21  x29 

24x24 

2800 

24  x45 

30x36 

30x42 

1400 

21  x29 

18  x36 

2850 

24  x45 

30x36 

30x42 

1450 

18x36 

21  x29 

24x27 

2900 

24x45 

30x36 

30x42 

1500 

18  x36 

21  x29 

24x27 

2950 

30x42 

332 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 

Data  for  Determining  Sizes  of  Main  and  Branch  Pipes  and  Flues. 


M 


OST  rules  published  by  others  involve  arbitrary  constants  and  tables,  without  giving  the  basic 
formula  or  reasons  in  determining  flue,  register  and  pipe   sizes.     Architects,  engineers  and 
intelligent  designers  of  heating  systems  produce  the  most  efficient  arrangements  only  when 
the  hypothesis  of  calculations  is  understood.     The  essential  basic  data  is  given  below,  and  while  its 
application  requires  some  more  figuring  than  merely  taking  sizes  from  tables,  the  whys  and  where- 
fores are  known,  and  in  this  knowledge  there  is  considerable  satisfaction. 

The  sizes  of  air  conveying  ducts  from  fans  or  heaters  to  vertical  induction  flues,  and  the  sizes 
of  these  flues,  depend  upon  the  velocities  of  the  flowing  air  in  such  ducts  and  flues.  The  essential 
factors  in  determining  these  velocities  are  :  the  limitations  of  economical  rotary  speed  of  fans  from 
the  standpoint  of  power ;  the  limitations  of  air  velocities  on  account  of  noise,  by  reason  of  increas- 
ing friction  as  velocities  increase ;  the  limitations  of  velocity  of  inflowing  air  through  registers  into 
rooms  ;  the  desirability  of  as  high  a  velocity  of  air  as  is  permissible  under  the  limitations  referred 
to,  in  order  to  get  as  quick  a  conveyance  of  heat  units  from  the  heater  to  the  rooms  to  be  heated  as 
possible  ;  and  the  necessary  initial  and  intermediate  velocities  to  overcome  the  resistances  existing  in 
each  particular  system  or  case.  It  is  difficult  to  set  forth  any  rules  for  figuring  pipe  sizes  which  are 
more  than  general  statements,  as  the  last  named  factor  varies  with  nearly  every  plant.  Experience 
has  shown  that  for  induction  flues  in  walls  of  buildings  like  schools,  churches,  office  buildings,  etc.,  a 
flue  velocity  from  576  to  720  feet  per  minute,  and  velocity  through  registers  into  rooms  of  from 
350  to  576  feet  per  minute,  and  for  floor  registers  an  even  lower  velocity  of  288  feet  per  minute, 
are  desirable.  Floor  registers  should  be  avoided  in  every  possible  instance. 

The  fan  should  be  selected  with  a  blast  wheel  of  such  size  as  to  require  a  peripheral 
travel  of  not  over  2585  feet  per  minute,  to  deliver  the  required  volume  of  air  into  the  building — not 
"free  delivery" — and  the  main  duct  in  the  system  should  be  figured  with  a  velocity  of  1800  to  2500 
feet  per  minute.  The  branch  ducts  to  flues  should  be  figured  at  velocities  of  from  1000  to  1500  feet 
per  minute,  depending  on  their  distances  from  the  fan,  and  the  intermediate  main  ducts  should  be 
proportioned  at  velocities  gradually  reducing  from  1800  to  2500  in  main  near  fan,  to  the  extreme 
end  at  1000  to  1500,  the  extreme  end  being  taken  really  as  a  branch  duct.  The  lesser  velocity  of 
the  extremes  given  above  should  be  used,  except  in  cases  of  great  lengths  of  pipe  and  a  multiplicity 
of  elbows  and  turns.  The  most  careful  attention  should  be  given  to  the  form  of  the  piping  or  ducts. 
Round  pipes  are  the  best,  square  next  best,  and  rectangular  pipes  should  always  be  made  as  nearly 
square  as  possible.  No  branches  should  leave  mains  at  right  angles,  but  should  branch  off  at  an 
angle  of  45°  with  easy  radius  curves  in  all  cases.  No  90°  elbows  should  be  made  with  less  than 
seven  pieces,  or  less  inside  radius  than  the  diameter  of  the  pipe.  No  45°  degree  elbow  should  be 
made  of  less  than  four  pieces.  Each  and  every  branch  air  duct  to  flues  should  have  a  damper  near 
base  of  flue,  and  at  every  "  Y"  in  the  system  of  air  conduits  or  ducts  there  should  be  placed  a 
"baffle  plate"  or  "  fender"  (see  cut  page  335).  All  these  dampers  and  fenders  should  be  adjustable 
and  fixable  at  any  point  within  their  range  of  motion.  These  dampers  and  fenders  should  be  "  set  " 

333 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 


Supply  Flue  Capacities,  Corresponding  Vent  Flues,  with  Registers  and  Faces. 


Size, 
H.  A.  F. 

Sin. 

9  In. 

10  in. 

19  in. 

13  in. 

14  in. 

15  in. 

16  in. 

18  in. 

8iu. 

CAP. 

H.  A.  R.,  inches 

V.  F., 
V.  R.  F.,         " 

355 
8x  18 
6x    7 
8x  12 

400 
9  x20 
6x8 

9  x  14 

440 
10x20 
6x    9 
9  x  16 

532 
12  x  19 
7x    9 
9x  18 

577 
12x20 
8x9 
9x  18 

621 
14x20 
7x11 
11  x  17 

666 
14x22 
7x  12 

12  x  17 

710 
16  x  18 
8x11 

12  x  18 

800 
18x21 
8x  12 
14  x  18 

9  in. 

CAP. 

H.  A.  R.,  inches 

V.  F., 
V.  R.  F.,         " 

400 
8  x21 
6x8 
8x  15 

450 
9x20 
6x    9 
9  x  14 

500 
10x20 
7x    9 
9x  16 

600 
12x20 
8x9 
9x  18 

650 
12x24 
8x  10 

10x20 

700 
14x22 
7x  12 
12  x  17 

750 
14x22 
8x11 

12  x  17 

800 
16x22 
8x  12 
12  x  19 

900 
18x21 
9  x  12 
14  x  18 

10  in. 

CAP. 

H.  A.  R.,  inches 

V.  F., 
V.  R.  F.,         " 

440 
8  x24 
7x    8 

8  x  18 

500 
10x20 
7x9 
9  x  16 

555 
10x22 
7x9 
10  x  16 

666 
12x24 
8  x  10 
10  x20 

721 

12x24 
9x  10 

10x20 

777 
12x30 
8  x  12 

12x20 

832 
15x25 
7x14 
14  x  18 

888 
16x24 
9x  12 

14x  18 

999 
18  x24 
10  x  12 
12x24 

l'4iii. 

CAP. 

H.  A.  R.,  inches 

V.  F.,              " 
V.  R.  F.,        " 

532 
12  x  19 
8x    8 
9x  18 

600 
12x20 
8x9 
9x  18 

666 
12x24 
8  x  10 
10x20 

800 
12x30 
10  x  10 
12x20 

866 
12x36 
9  x  12 
12x24 

933 
12x36 
9x  12 
12x24 

1000 
12x36 
10  x  12 
12x24 

1066 
16x28 
12  x  12 
12x24 

1200 
18x30 
10  x  15 
15x25 

13  in. 

CAP. 

H.  A.  R.,  inches 

V.  F.,              " 
V.  R.  F.,        " 

577 
12x20 
8x9 

9x  18 

650 
12x24 
8  x  10 
10x20 

720 
12x24 
9  x  10 
10x20 

866 
12x30 
9x  12 
12x20 

938 
12x36 
10  x  12 
12x24 

1018 
12x36 
10  x  12 
12x24 

1083 
12x36 
11  x  12 
12x24 

1155 
16x32 
12  x  12 
12x30 

1300 
18  x30 
10  x  15 
15x25 

14  in. 

CAP. 

H.  A.  R.,  inches 

V.   F., 
V.  R.  F.,         " 

620 
14  x20 
7x11 
11  x  17 

700 
14  x22 
7x  12 
12  x  17 

777 
14  x22 
8  x  12 
12  x  17 

933 
12x36 
9x  12 
12x24 

1012 
12x36 
10  x  12 
12x24 

1088 
12x36 
11  x  12 
12x24 

1165 
12x36 
12  x  12 
12x24 

1243 
16x32 
12  x  13 
12x30 

1398 
18x36 
lOx  16 
16x28 

15  in. 

CAP. 

H.  A.  R.,  inches 

V.   F., 
V.  R.  F.,        " 

666 
14x22 
7x  12 
12  x  17 

750 
14x22 
8  x  12 
12  x  17 

832 
15x25 
7x  14 
14  x  18 

1000 
12x36 
10  x  12 
12x24 

1083 
12x36 
11  x  12 
12x24 

1165 
12x36 
12  x  12 
12x24 

1248 
12x36 
12  x  13 
12x24 

1332 
16x32 
12  x  13 

12x30 

1498 
18  x36 

11  x  16 
16x28 

16  in. 

CAP. 

H.  A.  R.,  inches 

V.   F., 
V.  R.  F.,         " 

710 
16x20 
7x  12 
12  x  18 

800 
16x22 
8x  12 
12  x  19 

888 
16x24 
8  x  14 
14  x  18 

1066 
16  x28 
12  x  12 
12x24 

1155 
16x32 
12  x  12 
12x30 

1243 
16x32 
12  x  13 
12x30 

1332 
16x32 
12  x  13 
12x30 

1420 
16x32 
12  x  14 

12x30 

1597 
18x36 
12  x  16 
16x28 

18  in. 

CAP. 

H.  A.  R.,  inches 

V.  F..              " 
V.  R.  P.,        " 

800 
18x21 
7  x  14 
14  x  18 

900 
18x21 
8  x  14 
14  x  18 

999 
18x24 
10  x  12 
12x24 

1200 
18x27 
12  x  12 
12x30 

1300 
18x30 
lOx  15 
15x25 

1398 
18x36 
10  x  16 
16x28 

1498 
18x36 
11  x  16 
16x28 

1597 
18x36 
12  x  16 
16x28 

1798 
18x36 
14  x  16 

16x28 

20  in. 

CAP. 

H.  A.  R.,  inches 

V.  F., 
V.  R.  F.,         " 

888 
20x20 
7x  14 
14x20 

999 
18x24 
10  x  12 
12x24 

1110 
20x24 
8x  16 
16x20 

1332 
18x30 
11  x  15 
15  x25 

1443 
18x36 
11  x  16 
16x28 

1554 
18x36 
12  x  16 
16x28 

1665 
18x36 
13  x  16 

16x28 

1776 
18x36 
13  x  16 
16x28 

1998 
24x30 
13x  18 
18x27 

22  in. 

CAP. 

H.  A.  R.,  inches 

V.   F.,               " 
V.  R.  F.,         " 

976 
18  x24 
9  x  12 

12x24 

1098 
18x27 
11  x  12 
12x30 

1220 
20x26 
9x  16 
16x22 

1464 
21  x29 
11  x  16 
16x28 

1586 
18x36 
12  x  16 
16x28 

1708 
18x36 
13  x  16 
16x28 

1830 
18x36 
14  x  16 
16x28 

1952 
24x30 
13  x  18 
18x27 

2197 
24x30 
15  x  18 
18x27 

24  in. 

CAP. 

H.  A.  R.,  inches 

V.  F., 
V.  R.  F.,        " 

1066 
20  x24 
8x  16 
16x20 

1194 
20x26 
9x  16 
16x24 

1333 
24x24 
10  x  16 

16x24 

1600 
24x27 
12  x  16 
16x28 

1732 
24x30 
12  x  18 
18x27 

1866 
24x30 
13  x  18 
18  x27 

2000 
24x32 
I5x  16 
16x32 

2132 
24x36 
14  x  18 

18  x36 

2400 
24x45 
12x24 
24x30 

26  in. 

CAP. 

H.  A.  R.,  inches 

V.  F.,              " 
V.  R.  F.,        " 

1154 
20x26 
9  x  16 
16x22 

1298 
24x24 
10  x  16 
16x24 

1443 
24x27 
11  x  16 
16  x28 

1732 
24x30 
11  x  18 
18x27 

1876 
24x30 
13  x  18 

18  x27 

2020 
24x32 
15x  16 
16x32 

2164 
24x36 
14  x  18 
18x36 

2309 
24  x36 
15  x  18 
18x36 

2597 
24x45 
13x24 
24x30 

CAP.=Cubic  feet  of  air  per  minute.    H.  A.  R.=Hot  Air  Register.    V.  F.=Vent  Flue.    V.  R.  F.=Vent  Register  Face. 
Flues  figured  800  feet  per  minute  velocity.    Hot  Air  Registers  figured  500  feet  per  minute  velocity. 

334 


Hot  Air 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 

Data  for  Determining  Sizes  of  Main  and  Branch  Pipes  and  Flues. — Continued. 

upon  completion  of  the  system  at  the  times  of  the  air  test.  These  dampers  are  vitally  important  in 
securing  the  proper  distribution  and  velocities.  Hot  air  pipes  ordinarily  should  be  covered  with  one 
or  more  coats  of  asbestos  or  magnesia  covering.  Vent  or  eduction  flues  and  registe  rs  should  be 
2/2>  to  y±  tne  area  °f  tne  induction  flue  and  register  areas.  For  velocities  in  ducts,  flues  and  inlets, 
and  for  peripheral  travel  of  fan  wheel  for  factory  building  fan  system  plants,  the  velocities  should  be 
practically  twice  those  given  above  for  public  buildings,  the  offices  in  said  factories  being,  of  course, 
excepted,  they  being  figured  same  as  public  buildings. 

Correct  flue  areas  are  obtained  by  dividing  the  amount  of  air  to  be  handled  by  the  velocity, 
and  adding  a  sufficient  per  cent,  for  friction.  Take,  for  example,  a  3000-ft.  velocity  divided  into 
6000-ft.  requirements  ;  this  gives  2  square  feet  of  area  for  each  division,  to  which  add  20  per  cent, 
for  friction  (an  average  allowance)  ;  this  would  afford  flues  with  2.4  square  feet  area.  In  other 
cases,  the  same  conditions  hold  equally  good,  /'.  e. ,  divide  air  required  per  minute  by  the  velocity, 
which  gives  the  effective  area,  then  add  a  safe  per  cent,  for  friction. 

The  application  of  the  data  on  velocities  herewith  given  would  be  as  follows  :  First,  determine 
the  volume  of  air  per  minute  desired  to  be  moved  through  each  flue,  e.  g.,  supposing  a  ten  minutes' 
change  of  air  is  desired  in  the 
room  supplied  by  flue,  then  air  per 
minute  is  TL  of  the  cubical  con- 
tents of  the  room.  Second,  having 
determined  the  air  per  minute  per 
flue,  then  using  the  flue  velocity 
given  above,  determine  the  area  of 
flue  required  ;  in  the  same  manner 
ascertain  the  area  of  registers. 
Third,  having  determined  the  air  per 
minute  for  each  flue,  then  add 
together  and  get  the  total  air  per 
minute  to  be  moved  by  the  fan  ;  for 
the  sizes  of  main  ducts  and  branches 
at  different  points,  determine  the 
air  per  minute,  to  be  moved  through 
same  at  the  several  points  and 
using  the  velocities  given  above. 
The  areas  of  the  ducts  are  easily 
figured,  area  of  the  duct  in  square 
inches  always  being  air  per  minute 
multiplied  by  144,  and  then  divided 
by  the  velocity.  Equalizer  for  Regulating  Air  Currents. 


335 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 

Diameter  of  Pipes  for  Given  Air  Volumes  and  Velocities. 


THIS  table  specifies  the  diameters  of  pipes  required  for  the  passage  of  stated  volumes  of  air  at  given 
velocities.      The  column,  "  Cubic  feet  of  air  per  minute  "  indicates  various  quantities  of  air  to 
be  moved  per  minute.     The  columns  of  velocities  at  top  of  table  give  the  velocities  in  feet  per 
minute  at  which  the  air  is  to  be  moved,  and  the  figures  in  the  body  of  the  table  state  the  required 
diameters  of  pipes  for  the  passage  of  the  volumes  mentioned  at  the  given  velocities.     For  example,  it  is 
desired  to  find  the  diameter  of  a  pipe  for  10,000  cubic  feet  per  minute  at  1500  feet  per  minute  veloc- 
ity.    Looking  down  the  column  of  volumes  at  left  hand  side  of  table,  we  find   10,000;  then   in  the 
column  in  body  of  table,  on  same  horizontal  line  as  the  10,000,  having  1500  at  its  head  at  top  of  table, 
we  find  36,  which  is  the  diameter  in  inches  of  pipe  required.     Allowance  for  friction  should  be  made 
in  long  pipes  (see  table  of  "  Friction  of  air  in  pipes  ")  . 


Cubic 
Feet  of 
Air  per 
Minute 

VELOCITIES 

§ 

0 

§ 

• 

0 

o 
r- 

o 
o 
• 

o 
o 
c» 

o 
§ 

!-( 

0 

o 
« 

1H 

0 

§ 

H 

0 

i 

rH 

o 
o 
o 

N 

§ 

9* 
N 

§ 
« 
« 

§ 

• 

N 

o 
o 
o 

M 

0 

o 

*5 

n 

o 
o 

i 

200 

9 

8 

8 

7 

7 

7 

6 

6 

6 

6 

6 

6 

6 

6 

6 

6 

30O 

11 

10 

9 

9 

8 

8 

7 

7 

6 

6 

6 

6 

6 

6 

6 

6 

400 

13 

11 

11 

10 

9 

9 

8 

8 

7 

7 

6 

6 

6 

6 

6 

6 

500 

14 

13 

12 

11 

11 

10 

9 

8 

8 

7 

7 

7 

6 

6 

6 

6 

600 

15 

14 

13 

12 

11 

11 

10 

9 

8 

8 

8 

7 

7 

7 

6 

6 

70O 

16 

15 

14 

13 

12 

12 

11 

10 

9 

9 

8 

8 

7 

7 

7 

6 

80O 

18 

16 

15 

14 

13 

13 

12 

10 

9 

9 

9 

8 

8 

8 

7 

7 

900 

19 

17 

16 

15 

14 

13 

12 

11 

10 

10 

9 

9 

8 

8 

8 

7 

1OOO 

20 

18 

16 

16 

15 

14 

13 

12 

10 

10 

10 

9 

9 

8 

8 

7 

1100 

21 

19 

18 

16 

16 

15 

13 

12 

11 

11 

10 

9 

9 

9 

8 

8 

1200 

21 

20 

18 

17 

16 

15 

14 

13 

11 

11 

10 

10 

9 

9 

9 

8 

13OO 

22 

20 

19 

18 

17 

16 

15 

13 

12 

11 

11 

10 

10 

10 

9 

8 

1400 

23 

21 

20 

18 

17 

16 

15 

14 

12 

12 

11 

11 

10 

10 

9 

9 

1500 

24 

22 

20 

19 

18 

17 

16 

14 

13 

12 

12 

11 

10 

10 

9 

9 

16OO 

25 

23 

21 

20 

18 

18 

16 

15 

13 

13 

12 

11 

11 

11 

10 

9 

17OO 

25 

24 

21 

20 

19 

18 

17 

15 

14 

13 

12 

12 

11 

11 

10 

9 

1800 

26 

24 

22 

21 

20 

19 

17 

15 

14 

13 

13 

12 

11 

11 

10 

10 

190O 

27 

24 

23 

21 

20 

19 

18 

16 

14 

14 

13 

12 

12 

11 

10 

10 

20OO 

28 

25 

23 

22 

21 

20 

18 

16 

15 

14 

13 

13 

12 

12 

11 

10 

2100 

28 

26 

24 

22 

21 

20 

18 

16 

15 

14 

14 

13 

12 

12 

11 

10 

2200 

29 

27 

24 

23 

22 

21 

19 

17 

15 

15 

14 

13 

12 

12 

11 

11 

23OO 

30 

27 

25 

23 

22 

21 

19 

17 

16 

15 

15 

13 

13 

12 

11 

11 

240O 

30 

28 

25 

24 

23 

21 

20 

18 

16 

15 

15 

14 

13 

13 

12 

11 

25OO 

31 

28 

26 

24 

23 

22 

20 

18 

16 

16 

15 

14 

13 

13 

12 

11 

26OO 

31 

29 

27 

25 

23 

22 

20 

18 

17 

16 

15 

15 

14 

13 

12 

11 

2700 

32 

29 

27 

25 

24 

23 

21 

19 

17 

16 

15 

15 

14 

13 

12 

12 

2800 

33 

30 

28 

26 

24 

23 

21 

19 

18 

16 

16 

15 

14 

14 

13 

12 

2900 

33 

30 

28 

26 

25 

24 

22 

19 

18 

17 

16 

15 

14 

14 

13 

12 

300O 

34 

31 

29 

27 

25 

24 

•  22 

20 

18 

17 

16 

15 

15 

14 

13 

12 

31OO 

34 

31 

29 

27 

26 

24 

22 

20 

18 

17 

17 

15 

15 

14 

13 

12 

32OO 

34 

32 

30 

28 

26 

25 

23 

20 

19 

18 

17 

15 

15 

15 

13 

13 

3300 

35 

32 

30 

28 

26 

25 

23 

21 

19 

18 

17 

16 

15 

15 

14 

13 

340O 

36 

33 

30 

28 

27 

25 

23 

21 

19 

18 

17 

16 

15 

15 

14 

13 

3500 

36 

33 

31 

29 

27 

26 

24 

21 

19 

18 

18 

16 

16 

15 

14 

13 

336 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 

Diameter  of  Pipes  for  Given  Air  Volumes  and  Velocities — Continued. 


Cubic 
Feet  of 
Air  per 
Minute 

VELOCITIES 

o 
o 
c 

1 

§ 
r- 

o 
o 
at 

o 
o 
a 

H 

• 

H 

§ 
»a 

rH 

o 
o 
« 

H 

(M 

0 

o 

N 
N 

N 

« 

§ 

o 

M 

o 
o 

10 

M 

9 

360O 

37 

34 

31 

29 

28 

26 

24 

21 

20 

19 

18 

16 

16 

15 

14 

13 

3700 

37 

34 

32 

30 

28 

27 

24 

22 

20 

19 

18 

17 

16 

16 

14 

14 

3800 

38 

35 

32 

30 

28 

27 

25 

22 

21 

19 

18 

17 

16 

16 

15 

14 

39OO 

38 

35 

32 

30 

29 

27 

25 

22 

21 

19 

19 

17 

16 

16 

15 

14 

4000 

39 

35 

33 

31 

29 

28 

25 

22 

21 

20 

19 

18 

17 

16 

15 

14 

4100 

39 

36 

33 

31 

29 

28 

26 

23 

21 

20 

19 

18 

17 

16 

15 

14 

43OO 

40 

36 

34 

32 

30 

28 

26 

23 

21 

20 

19 

18 

17 

16 

15 

14 

430O 

40 

37 

34 

32 

30 

29 

26 

23 

21 

20 

19 

18 

17 

17 

15 

15 

4400 

41  . 

37 

34 

32 

30 

29 

26 

24 

22 

21 

20 

18 

17 

17 

16 

15 

45OO 

41 

38 

35 

33 

31 

29 

27 

24 

22 

21 

20 

19 

18 

17 

16 

15 

46OO 

42 

38 

35 

33 

31 

30 

27 

24 

22 

21 

20 

19 

18 

17 

16 

15 

4700 

42 

38 

36 

34 

31 

30 

27 

24 

22 

21 

20 

19 

18 

17 

16 

15 

4800 

42 

39 

36 

34 

32 

30 

28 

25 

22 

21 

20 

19 

18 

18 

16 

15 

4900 

43 

39 

36 

34 

32 

30 

28 

25 

23 

22 

21 

19 

18 

18 

16 

16 

5000 

43 

40 

37 

34 

32 

31 

28 

25 

23 

22 

21 

20 

19 

18 

17 

16 

5100 

43 

40 

37 

35 

33 

31 

28 

25 

23 

22 

21 

20 

19 

18 

17 

16 

53OO 

44 

40 

37 

35 

33 

31 

29 

25 

24 

22 

21 

20 

19 

18 

17 

16 

53OO 

45 

41 

38 

35 

33 

32 

29 

26 

24 

23 

22 

20 

19 

18 

17 

16 

540O 

38 

35 

33 

32 

29 

26 

24 

23 

22 

21 

19 

18 

18 

16 

5500 

38 

36 

34 

32 

29 

26 

24 

23 

22 

21 

19 

18 

18 

16 

5600 

39 

36 

34 

33 

30 

27 

24 

23 

22 

21 

20 

19 

18 

17 

5700 

39 

37 

34 

33 

30 

27 

24 

23 

22 

21 

20 

19 

18 

17 

580O 

39 

37 

35 

33 

30 

27 

25 

24 

22 

21 

20 

19 

18 

17 

5900 

40 

37 

36 

33 

30 

27 

25 

24 

22 

21 

20 

19 

18 

17 

6000 

40 

38 

36 

34 

31 

28 

25 

24 

23 

21 

20 

20 

18 

17 

61OO 

40 

38 

36 

34 

31 

28 

25 

24 

23 

21 

20 

20 

18 

17 

62OO 

41 

38 

36 

34 

31 

28 

25 

24 

23 

21 

21 

20 

18 

17 

630O 

41 

38 

36 

34 

31 

28 

25 

24 

23 

22 

21 

20 

18 

17 

640O 

41 

39 

37 

35 

32 

28 

26 

25 

24 

22 

21 

20 

19 

18 

65OO 

41 

39 

37 

36 

32 

29 

26 

25 

24 

22 

21 

20 

19 

18 

6600 

42 

39 

37 

36 

32 

29 

26 

25 

24 

22 

21 

21 

19 

18 

6700 

42 

40 

37 

36 

32 

29 

27 

25 

24 

22 

21 

21 

19 

18 

68OO 

43 

40 

38 

36 

33 

29 

27 

25 

24 

23 

21 

21 

19 

18 

6900 

43 

40 

38 

36 

33 

30 

27 

25 

24 

23 

21 

21 

19 

18 

7000 

43 

40 

38 

36 

33 

30 

27 

26 

24 

23 

22 

21 

19 

18 

7100 

44 

41 

38 

37 

33 

30 

27 

26 

25 

23 

22 

21 

20 

18 

7200 

44 

41 

39 

37 

34 

30 

28 

26 

25 

23 

22 

21 

20 

19 

730O 

44 

41 

39 

37 

34 

30 

28 

26 

25 

24 

22 

21 

20 

19 

7400 

44 

41 

39 

37 

34 

30 

28 

27 

25 

24 

22 

21 

20 

19 

7500 

45 

42 

40 

38 

34 

31 

28 

27 

25 

24 

22 

21 

20 

19 

7600 

45 

42 

40 

38 

34 

31 

28 

27 

25 

24 

23 

22 

20 

19 

7700 

45 

42 

40 

38 

35 

31 

28 

27 

26 

24 

23 

22 

21 

19 

7800 

46 

43 

40 

38 

36 

31 

29 

27 

26 

24 

23 

22 

21 

19 

79OO 

46 

43 

40 

39 

36 

31 

29 

27 

26 

24 

23 

22 

21 

19 

8000 

46 

43 

41 

39 

36 

32 

29 

28 

26 

25 

24 

22 

21 

20 

8100 

39 

36 

32 

29 

28 

26 

25 

24 

23 

21 

20 

82OO 

39 

36 

32 

29 

28 

27 

25 

24 

23 

21 

20 

8300 

40 

36 

32 

30 

28 

27 

25 

24 

23 

21 

20 

840O 

40 

36 

33 

30 

28 

27 

25 

24 

23 

21 

20 

850O 

1 

40 

36 

33 

30 

28 

27 

25 

24 

23 

21 

20 

337 


Buffalo  Fan   System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 

Diameter  of  Pipes  for  Given  Air  Volumes  and  Velocities — Continued. 


Cubic 

VELOCITIES 

Cubic 

VELOCITIES 

Feet  of 
Air  per 
Minute 

o 
o 

o 

o 
o 

N 

§ 

10 

o 
o 

00 

o 

0 

o 

o 
o 
« 

o 
o 

K3 

o 
o 

90 

0 

o 
o 

§ 
« 

o 

Feet  of 
Air  per 
Minute 

c 

0 

o 
«* 

o 
o 

«3 

o 
§ 

| 

§ 
« 

o 
o 
o 

§ 

90 

| 

o 

§ 

c 

i-l 

r4 

!-( 

« 

M 

« 

« 

w 

« 

* 

H 

H 

N 

N 

N 

9 

« 

CO 

* 

8600 

40 

37 

33 

30 

29 

27  25 

24 

23 

21 

20 

28500 

73 

66 

60  54 

52 

49  46 

44  42  39 

37 

8700 

40 

37 

33 

30 

29 

27  25 

24 

24 

21 

20 

29OOO 

73 

67 

60 

55 

52 

50 

47 

44  42 

39 

37 

88OO 

41 

37 

33 

30 

29 

28!  26 

24 

24 

22 

21  ! 

2950O 

74 

68 

60 

55 

52 

50  47 

44 

43 

40 

37 

89OO 

41 

37 

33 

30 

29 

28  26 

24 

24 

22 

21  i 

30000 

75 

68 

61 

56  53 

50  47 

45 

43 

40 

38 

90OO 

41 

38 

34 

31 

29 

28  26 

25 

24 

22 

21 

3O50O 

75 

69 

62 

56  53 

51 

48 

45 

44 

40 

38 

9100 

41 

38 

34 

31 

29 

28  26 

25 

24 

22 

21 

31000 

76 

69 

62 

57 

54 

51 

48 

45 

44 

41 

38 

92OO 

41 

38 

34 

31 

30 

28 

26 

25 

24 

22 

21 

31500 

76 

70 

63 

57 

54 

52 

49 

46  44 

41 

38 

9300 

42 

38 

34 

31 

30 

28 

27 

25 

24 

22 

21 

3200O 

77 

70 

63 

57 

55 

52 

49 

46  45 

41 

39 

94OO 

42 

38 

34 

31 

30 

28 

27 

25 

24 

22 

21 

325OO 

78 

71 

63 

58  55 

52  49 

47  45 

42 

39 

950O 

42 

39  i34 

31 

30 

29 

27 

25 

24 

23 

21  ; 

33OOO 

78 

72 

64 

58|56 

53  50 

47  45 

42 

39 

96OO 

42 

39 

35 

32 

30  29 

27 

25 

25 

23 

21  : 

33500 

79 

72 

64 

59  56 

53  50 

47 

46 

42 

40 

9700 

43 

39 

35 

32 

30  29 

27 

25 

25 

23 

21 

34OOO 

79 

73 

65 

59  56 

54  50 

48  1  46 

43 

40 

9800 

43- 

39 

36 

32 

30  29 

27 

26 

25 

23 

21 

34500 

80 

73 

65 

60  57 

54 

51 

48  ^46 

43 

40 

99OO 

43 

39 

36 

32 

30  29 

27 

26 

25 

23 

21 

350OO 

81 

74 

66 

60  57 

54 

51 

48i47 

43 

40 

1OOOO 

43  j  40 

36 

32 

31 

29 

28 

26 

25 

23 

22 

355OO 

81 

74 

66 

61  57 

55 

52 

49  47 

44 

41 

1O500 

44 

41 

36 

32 

31 

30 

28 

27 

26 

24 

22 

36000 

82 

75 

67 

61  '58 

55 

52 

49 

47 

44 

41 

11000 

45 

41 

37 

33 

31 

31 

29 

27 

26 

24 

23  " 

36500 

82 

75 

67 

61  58 

56 

52 

49 

48 

44 

41 

11500 

46 

42 

37 

34 

32 

31 

30 

28 

27 

25 

23 

370OO 

83 

76 

68 

62  59 

56 

52 

50 

48 

44 

42 

12OOO 

47 

43 

39 

35 

34  32 

30 

28 

28 

25 

24 

37500 

83 

76 

68 

62  59 

56 

53 

50 

48 

45 

42 

125OO 

48 

44 

40 

36 

34  33 

31 

30 

28 

26 

24 

38OOO 

84 

77 

69 

63  '60 

57 

53 

50 

49 

45 

42 

13OOO 

49 

45  40 

37 

35  33 

31 

30 

29 

27 

25, 

38500 

85 

77 

69  63  60 

57 

54 

51 

49 

45 

42 

13500 

50 

46 

41 

38 

35 

34 

32 

30 

29 

27 

25 

390OO 

85 

78 

70  63  60 

57 

54 

51 

49 

46 

43 

14000 

51 

47 

42 

38 

36 

34 

33 

31 

30 

28 

26 

395OO 

86 

78 

70 

64  61 

58 

54 

51 

50 

46 

43 

14500 

52 

47 

42 

39 

37 

35 

33 

31 

30 

28 

26 

400OO 

86 

79 

71 

64  61 

58 

55 

52 

50 

46 

43 

15OOO 

53 

48 

43 

40 

38 

36 

34 

32 

31 

28 

27 

4050O 

87 

79 

71 

65  61 

59  55 

52 

50 

46 

44 

1550O 

54 

49  44 

40 

38 

36 

35 

32 

31 

29 

27 

41OOO 

87 

79 

71 

65  62 

59  55 

52 

50 

47 

44 

160OO 

55 

50  45 

41 

39 

37 

35 

33 

32 

29 

28 

41500 

88 

80 

72  65  62 

59  56 

52 

50 

47 

44 

165OO 

56 

51 

45 

41 

39  38 

36 

33 

32 

30 

28 

42OOO 

88 

81 

72  66  63 

60  56  53 

51 

47 

44 

17OOO 

56 

51 

46 

42 

40  38 

36 

34 

33 

30 

28 

425OO 

89 

81 

73 

66,63 

60 

56  53 

51 

48 

44 

17500 

57 

52 

47 

43 

40  39 

37 

34 

33 

31 

29 

430OO 

89 

82 

73 

66  63 

60 

57.  53 

51 

48 

44 

18000 

58 

53 

47 

43 

41  39 

37 

35 

34 

31 

29 

4350O 

90 

82 

73 

67  63 

61 

57 

53 

51 

48 

45 

185OO 

59 

54 

48 

44 

42  40 

38 

35 

34 

31 

30 

44OOO 

90 

82 

74 

67  64 

61 

57 

54 

52 

48 

45 

19OOO 

60 

54 

49 

44 

42  40 

38 

35 

34 

32 

30 

4450O 

91 

83 

74 

68 

64 

61 

58 

54 

52 

49 

46 

19500 

60 

55 

49 

45 

43  41 

39 

36 

35 

32 

30 

45OOO 

91 

83 

75 

68 

65 

62 

58 

55 

53 

49 

46 

2OOOO 

61 

56 

50 

46 

43  41 

39 

37 

35 

33 

31 

455OO 

92 

84 

75 

68 

65 

62 

58 

55 

53 

49 

46 

2O50O 

62 

56 

50 

46 

44  42 

39 

37 

36 

33 

31 

46OOO 

93 

84 

75 

69 

65 

62 

59 

55 

53 

50 

46 

21OOO 

63 

57 

51 

47 

44 

42 

40 

38 

36 

34 

31 

4650O 

93 

85 

76 

69 

66 

63 

59 

56 

54 

50 

47 

21500 

63 

58 

52 

47 

45 

43 

40 

38 

37 

34 

32 

47OOO 

93 

85 

76 

70 

66 

63 

59 

56 

54 

50 

47 

2200O 

64 

58 

52 

48 

45 

43 

41 

38 

37 

34 

32 

475OO 

94 

86 

77 

70 

66 

63 

60 

56 

54 

50 

47 

22500 

65   59 

53 

48 

46 

44 

41 

39 

38 

35 

33 

48OOO 

95 

86 

77 

70 

67 

64 

60 

56 

55 

50 

47 

23000    65   60 

53 

49 

46 

44 

42 

39 

38 

35 

33 

48500 

95 

87 

77 

71 

67 

64 

60 

57 

55 

51 

47 

2350O    66   60 

54 

49 

47 

45 

42 

40 

38 

35 

33 

49OOO 

95 

87 

78 

71 

68 

64 

60 

57 

55 

51 

48 

24000    67   61 

55 

50  47  45 

42 

40 

39 

36 

34 

495OO 

96 

87 

78 

72 

68 

65 

61 

57 

56 

51 

48 

24500    68   62 

55 

50  48  45 

43 

40 

39 

36 

34 

5OOOO 

96 

88 

79 

72 

68 

65 

61 

58 

56 

51 

48 

25000    68   62  56 

51  48  46 

43 

41 

40 

37 

34 

50500 

97 

88 

79 

72 

68 

65 

61 

58 

56 

52 

49 

255OO 

69   63  56 

51  49 

46 

44 

41 

40 

37 

34 

51000 

97 

89 

79 

73 

69 

66 

62 

58 

56 

52 

49 

26OOO 

70   63  57 

52  49 

47 

44 

42 

40 

38 

35 

51500 

98 

89 

80 

73 

69 

66 

62 

58 

56 

52 

49 

265OO 

70   64  57 

52  50  47 

45 

42 

41 

38 

35 

52000 

98 

90 

80  73 

70 

66 

62 

59 

57 

53 

49 

27OOO 

71   65  58  53  50148  45 

42 

41 

38 

36 

52500 

99 

90 

81  74 

70 

67  63 

59 

57 

53 

50 

27500 

72   65  58  53  51  48  !  45 

43 

41 

38 

36 

53000 

99 

90 

81  74  70 

67  63  59  57 

53 

50 

28OOO 

72  1  66  59  54  51  49  46  43 

42  39  i  36 

53500 

91 

81  74  70 

67  63  60  58  53 

50 

338 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 

Diameter  of  Pipes  for  Given  Air  Volumes  and  Velocities — Continued. 


Cubic 

VELOCITIES 

Cubic 

VELOCITIES. 

Feet  of 
Air  per 
Minute 

coo 

coo 

N            <S            00 

| 

0 

o 

N 

o 
«a 

!    o 

i 

:    o 
o 
o 

1      O 

o 

US 

o 
5 

Feet  of 
Air  per 
Minute 

c        o 

0           0 
O           N 

o 
o 
« 

oo 

0 

o 

0 

o 

IS 

e 
o 
o 

§ 

i- 

H                1H               FH 

N 

N 

N 

« 

w 

CO 

4 

«            N 

N 

« 

w 

CO 

•*       ^ 

.VI  000 

91      82      75 

71 

68 

63 

60 

58 

54 

50 

755OO 

84      80 

75 

71 

68 

63 

59      56 

545OO 

92      82      75 

71 

68 

64 

60 

58 

54 

50 

76OOO 

84      80 

75 

71 

69 

64 

60      56 

550OO 

92      82      75 

72 

68 

64 

60 

58 

54 

51 

765  OO 

84      80 

75 

71 

69 

64 

60      56 

55500 

93      83  [  76 

72 

68 

64 

61 

59 

54 

51 

77000 

85      81 

76 

72 

69 

64 

60      56 

560OO 

93      83      76 

72 

69 

65 

61 

59 

55 

51 

77500 

85      81 

76 

72 

69 

64 

60      57 

565OO 

93      84      76 

72 

69 

65 

61 

59 

55 

51 

78000 

85      81 

76 

72 

70 

64 

60      57 

57OOO 

94      84      77 

73 

69 

65 

62 

60 

55 

52 

785OO 

85      81 

76 

72 

70 

65 

60      57 

575OO 

94      84      77 

73 

70 

65 

62 

60 

55 

52 

7900O 

86      82 

77 

72 

70 

65 

61      57 

58000 

95      85      77 

73 

70 

66 

62 

60 

56 

52 

79500 

86      82 

77 

73 

70 

65 

61      57 

5850O 

95      85 

78 

74 

70 

66 

62 

60 

56 

52 

800OO 

I   86      82 

77 

73 

70 

65 

61      57 

59OOO 

95  i  85      78 

74 

71 

66 

63 

60 

56 

52 

80500 

86      82 

77 

73 

71 

65 

61      58 

5950O 

96      86      78 

74 

71 

67 

63 

61 

56 

53 

81OOO 

87      83 

78 

73 

71 

66 

61      58 

600  OO 

96      86 

79 

75 

71 

67 

63 

61 

57 

53 

81500 

87      83 

78 

74 

71 

66 

62      58 

6O5OO 

97      86 

79 

75 

72 

67 

63 

61 

57 

53 

8200O 

87      83 

78 

74 

71 

66 

62      58 

6100O 

97      87 

79 

75 

72 

67 

64 

62 

57 

53 

82500 

87      83 

78 

74 

72 

66 

62      58 

61500 

97      87      80 

76 

72 

68 

64 

62 

57 

53 

83OOO 

88      84 

79 

74 

72 

66 

62      59 

(i'.'OOO 

98      88      80 

76 

72 

68 

64 

62 

57 

54 

8350O 

88      84 

79 

74 

72 

67 

62      59 

62500 

98      88      80 

76 

73 

68 

64 

62 

58 

54 

84OOO 

88      84 

79 

75 

72 

67 

63      59 

63OOO 

76 

73 

68 

65 

63 

58 

54 

84500 

88      84 

79 

75 

72 

67 

63 

59 

635OO 

77 

73 

69 

65 

63 

58 

54   ! 

85000 

89      85 

79 

75 

73 

67 

63      59 

64OOO 

77 

73 

69 

65 

63 

58 

55 

8550O 

89      85 

80 

75 

73 

67 

63 

60 

6450O 

77 

74 

69 

65 

63 

59 

55 

86000 

89      85 

80 

76 

73 

68 

63 

60 

650OO 

78 

74 

70 

66 

63 

59 

55 

8650O 

89      85 

80 

76 

73 

68 

63      60 

655OO 

78 

74 

70 

66 

64 

59 

55 

87OOO 

90      86 

80 

76 

73 

68 

64 

60 

66OOO 

78 

75 

70 

66 

64 

59 

56 

87500 

90      86 

81 

76 

74 

68 

64      60 

665OO 

79 

75 

70 

66 

64 

60 

56 

88OOO 

90      86 

81 

76 

74 

68 

64      60 

67OOO 

79 

75 

71 

67 

64 

60 

56 

885OO 

91      86 

81 

77 

74 

68 

64      60 

675OO 

79 

75 

71 

67 

65 

60 

56 

89000 

i  91      87 

81 

77 

74 

69 

64 

61 

68OOO 

79 

76 

71 

67 

65 

60 

56 

89500 

91      87 

82 

77 

74 

69 

64 

61 

685OO 

80 

76 

71 

67 

65 

60 

57 

9OOOO 

|  91      87 

82 

77 

75 

69 

65 

61 

690OO 

80 

76 

71 

68 

65 

61 

57 

90500 

92      87 

82 

77 

75 

69 

65 

61 

6950O 

80 

76 

72 

68 

66 

61 

57 

91000 

92      88 

82 

78 

75 

70 

65 

61 

7OOOO 

81 

77 

72 

68 

66 

61 

57 

915OO 

92      88 

82 

78 

75 

70 

65 

62 

7O5OO 

81 

77 

72 

68 

66 

61 

57 

92000 

92      88 

83 

78 

75 

70 

65  1  62 

71000 

81 

77 

73 

69 

66 

61 

57 

92500 

93      88 

83 

78 

76 

70 

66      62 

71500 

81 

78 

73 

69 

67 

62 

58 

93OOO 

93      88 

83 

79 

76 

70 

66      62 

72000 

82 

78 

73 

69 

67 

62 

58 

935OO 

93      89 

83 

79 

76 

70 

66      62 

726OO 

82 

78 

73 

69 

67 

62 

58 

940OO 

93  1  89 

84 

79 

76 

71 

66      62 

73000 

82 

78 

74 

70 

67 

62 

58 

94500 

94      89 

84 

79 

76 

71 

66      63 

735OO 

82 

79 

74 

70 

68 

63 

58 

95OOO 

94      89 

84 

79 

77 

71 

66      63 

74OOO 

83 

79 

74 

70 

68 

63 

59 

955OO 

94      90 

84 

80 

77 

71 

67      63 

74500 

83 

79 

74 

70 

68 

63 

59 

96OOO 

94  '  90 

84 

80 

77 

71 

67  ,   63 

75000 

83 

79 

75 

71 

68 

63 

59 

96500 

95      90 

84 

80 

77 

72 

67 

63 

97000 

95      90 

85 

80 

77 

72 

67 

63 

975OO 

95      90 

85 

80 

78 

72 

67 

63 

98OOO 

95      91 

85 

81 

78 

72 

68 

64 

98500 

95      91 

85 

81 

78 

72 

68 

64 

990OO 

96      91 

86 

81 

78 

72 

68 

64 

995OO 

96      92 

86 

81 

78 

73 

68 

64 

100000 

96      92 

1 

86 

81 

79 

73 

68 

64 

339 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 

Diameter  of  Air  Pipes  for  Various  Velocities. 


BELOW  we  append  table  giving  the  different  diameters  of  pipes  required  to  deliver  from    100  to 
50,000  cubic  feet  of  air  per  minute  at  various  pressures  per  square  inch  and  velocities  in 
feet  per  second,  no  allowance  being  made  for  loss  by  friction  in  long  pipes.     Reference  to 
table  of  "  Diameters  of  Blast  Pipes"  will   show  the  necessary  increase  in  diameters  for  different 
lengths,  etc.  (see  opposite  page). 

The  data  embodied  in  the  accompanying  tables  and  on  other  pages  herewith,  are  presented  as 
being  the  only  authentic  and  reliable  information  yet  published.  The  practical  value  of  these 
formulas,  which  have  been  originated  from  actual  tests  of  plants  now  in  operation,  is  not  to  be  com- 
pared with  the  unreliable  theoretical  calculations  published  by  others. 


CUBIC  FEET 
AIR 
PER  MINUTE 

•kOz. 
Pressure 

I'B  Oz. 
Pressure 

VaOz. 
Pressure 

KOz. 
Pressure 

lAOz. 
Pressure 

MOz. 
Pressure 

1  Oz. 

Pressure 

Velocity 
1  1  Feet 
per  Second 

Velocity 
15.5  Feet 
per  Second 

Velocity 
22  Feet 
per  Second 

Velocity 
43  Feet 

per  Second 

Velocity 
60.9  Feet 
per  Second 

Velocity 
74.7  Feet 
per  Second 

Velocity 
86.25   Feet 
per  Second 

DIAMETERS  OF  PIPE,  IN  INCHES 

100 

5.3 

4.5 

3.8 

2.7 

2.3 

2 

1.9 

200 

7.5 

6.4 

5.3 

3.8 

3.2 

2.9 

2.7 

300 

9.2 

7.7 

6.5 

4.7 

3.9 

3.6 

3.3 

400 

10.6 

9 

7.5 

5.4 

4.5 

4.1 

3.8 

500 

11.8 

10.1 

8.4 

6 

5.1 

4.6 

4.3 

600 

12.9 

11.1 

9.2 

6.6 

5.5 

5 

4.7 

700 

14 

11.9 

9.9 

7.1 

6 

5.4 

5 

800 

15 

13 

10.6 

7.6 

6.4 

5.8 

5.4 

900 

15.9 

13.4 

11.3 

8 

6.8 

6.1 

5.7 

1000 

16.7 

14.1 

11.8 

8.5 

7.1 

6.4 

6 

1250 

18.8 

15.8 

13.2 

9.5 

8 

7.2 

6.7 

1500 

20.5 

17.2 

14.5 

10.4 

8.7 

7.9 

7.4 

1750 

22.3 

18.6 

15.6 

11.2 

9.4 

8.5 

7.9 

2000 

23.6 

20 

16.7 

12 

10.1 

9.1 

8.6 

2500 

26.6 

22.3 

18.7       . 

13.4 

11.3 

10.5 

9.4 

3000 

28.9 

24.4 

20.5 

14.7 

12.4 

11.1 

10.3 

3500 

32 

26.6 

22.3 

15.8 

13.3 

12.1 

11.6 

4000 

33.4 

28 

23.6 

16.9 

13.8 

12.8 

11.9 

4500 

35.4 

29.7 

25.1 

17.9 

15.1 

13.6 

12.7 

5000 

37.3 

31.4 

26.4 

18.9 

15.8 

14.3 

13.4 

6000 

40.9 

34.4 

28.9 

20.7 

17.4 

15.7 

14.6 

7000 

44.1 

37.1 

31.2' 

22.3 

18.8 

17 

15.8 

8000 

47.2 

39.7 

33.4 

23.9 

20.1 

18.1 

16.9 

9000 

50 

42.2 

35.4 

25.3 

21.3 

19.2 

17.9 

10000 

52.7 

44.4 

37.3 

26.7 

22.4 

20.3                   18.9 

15000 

64.6 

54.3 

45.7 

32.7 

27.4                  24.8                  23.1 

20000 

74.6 

62.5 

52.7 

37.7 

31.7                  28.6                  26.6 

25000 

84 

70.2 

59 

42.2 

35.5                  32                     29.8 

30000 

91.3 

76.9 

64.6 

46.2 

38.8                  35.1                  32.6 

35000 

98.6 

83 

69.8 

49.8 

41.8                  37.9                  35.2 

40000 

105.5 

88.2 

74.6 

53.3 

43.6                  40.5                  37.7 

50000 

118 

99.3 

83.4 

59.6 

50.1                  45.3 

42.1 

340 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 


Diameter  of  Blast  Pipes. 


AS  air  moves  through  pipes,  a  portion  of  its  force  is  retarded  by  the  friction  of  its  particles  along 
the  sides  of  the  pipe,  and  the  loss  of  pressure  from  this  source  increases  directly  as  the  length 
of  the  pipe,  and  as  the  square  of  the  velocity  of  the  moving  air.  This  fact  has  long  been  known,  and 
many  experimenters  and  engineers,  by  close  observation  and  long  continued  experiments,  have  estab- 
lished formulas  by  which  the  loss  of  pressure  and  the  additional  amount  of  power  required  to  force  air 
or  gases  through  pipes  of  any  length  and  diameter  may  be  computed. 

As  these  formulas  are  commonly  expressed  in  algebraic  notation,  not  in  general  use,  we  have 
thought  it  desirable  to  arrange  a  table  showing  at  a  glance  all  the  necessary  proportionate  increase  in 
diameter  and  length  of  blast  pipes  and  conical  mouth-pieces,  in  keeping  up  the  pressure  to  the  point 
of  delivery.  It  is  often  the  case,  where  a  blower  is  condemned  as  being  inefficient,  the  cause  of  its 
failure  is,  that  the  pipe  connections  are  too  small  for  their  lengths,  coupled  with  a  large  number  of 
short  bends,  without  regard  to  making  the  pipe  tight,  which  is  a  necessity. 

TABLE  OF  NECESSARY  INCREASED  PIPE  DIAMETERS  FOR  DIFFERENT  LENGTHS. 


LENGTH  OF  PIPE 

30  FT. 

60  FT. 

90  FT. 

120  FT.      150  FT. 

180  FT. 

210  FT. 

240  FT. 

2  70  FT. 

300  FT. 

£  <UX> 

£  <UX1 

t>  mXi           v  mxi 

JJ   DXl 

£  (UXI 

£  <ux> 

Diameter  of 

<u  ^-o 

<U  CU.^ 

o  cX'u           o  n  u 

<U   0.73 

O  Pi  .i 

Q)  Oi'ii 

V  CWj 

^U  P    .  i 

Blower  Outlet, 

EE3 

££3 

E£| 

EE3         ££"3 

E£| 

££3 

££3 

££| 

££| 

in  Inches 

rt  ^_  o 

rt  ^  o              rt  ^  O 

™   *4-      O 

.«**«-.  O 

5°-S 

5°-S 

5°-5 

5  OJS        5  OJ5 

•—  '         W               I—*         (0 

Q°n 

Q  °  « 

Q°« 

5°-S 

5°-g 

3 

~3^~ 

3% 

4 

4%           4% 

4^ 

5 

5% 

5/8 

5% 

3% 

3$ 

4% 

4>£ 

4%           5 

5% 

5% 

5% 

5% 

6% 

4 

4% 

4% 

5% 

5%           5% 

6 

6% 

6% 

6% 

7 

4% 

5 

5% 

6                              A  I/* 
Dyg 

6%" 

7 

7% 

7% 

7% 

5 

5% 

6 

6% 

6^           7% 

7% 

7^" 

8% 

8% 

8% 

6 

6% 

7 

7% 

p                              O  j  / 

9 

9% 

9^ 

10% 

10% 

7 

7% 

8% 

8% 

9%         10 

10% 

10% 

11% 

11^ 

12% 

8 

10% 

1<W         11% 

11% 

12% 

12% 

13% 

13% 

Q 

10  4 

10^ 

11% 

12%         12^ 

13% 

14 

14% 

15% 

15% 

10 

11 

1  1% 

12% 

13%          14% 

14% 

15% 

16% 

17% 

11 

12 

13 

13% 

14^         15% 

16% 

17% 

17^ 

18% 

19% 

12 

13% 

14% 

15% 

16%         17 

17% 

18% 

19% 

20% 

20% 

13 

14% 

15% 

17%         18% 

19X 

20% 

21 

21^ 

22% 

14 

15% 

16% 

17^ 

18%         19% 

20^ 

21  #" 

22% 

23% 

24% 

15 

16% 

17H 

19 

20%         21  X 

22^ 

23% 

24% 

25% 

26 

16 

l7/2 

19 

20% 

21%         22% 

23^ 

24^ 

25% 

26% 

27^ 

17 

17% 

20% 

21% 

22^         24 

25% 

26% 

27% 

28% 

29% 

18 

19^ 

21/8 

22^ 

24%         25% 

26^ 

27% 

29% 

30% 

31* 

19 

20% 

22/2 

24 

25%         27 

28% 

29% 

30^ 

31% 

33 

20 

22 

23% 

25% 

27%         28% 

29^ 

31 

32% 

33% 

34^ 

21 

23 

24% 

26% 

28%         29^ 

31% 

32% 

33% 

35% 

36% 

22 

24% 

26% 

27% 

29%         31% 

32% 

34% 

35% 

36% 

38% 

23 

25% 

27  X 

29% 

30%         32% 

34% 

35% 

37% 

38% 

39% 

24 

26% 

28/2 

30% 

32%         34 

35% 

37% 

38^ 

40% 

41% 

Length  of  Pipe. 

30ft. 

60ft. 

90ft. 

120'  ft.      150  ft. 

180  ft. 

210ft. 

240ft. 

270  ft. 

300  ft. 

Length  of  Mouth-piece. 

9  in. 

15  in. 

21  in. 

27  in.  i    33  in. 

39  in. 

42  in. 

48  in. 

54  in. 

60  in. 

341 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 

Table  of  the  Areas  of  Circles  and  of  Sides  of  Squares  of  Same  Area. 


Diameter 
of  Circle, 
in  Inches 

Area  of 
Circle, 
in  Square 
Inches 

i 

Side  of 
Square  of 
same  Area, 
in  Square 
Inches 

Diameter 
of  Circle, 
in  Inches 

Area  of 
Circle, 
in  Square 
Inches 

Side  of 
Square  of 
same  Area, 
in  Square 
Inches 

Diameter 
of  Circle, 
in  Inches 

Area  of 
Circle, 
in  Square 
Inches 

Side  of 
Square  of 
same  Area, 
in  Square 
Inches 

45.1976 

1 

.7854 

.8862 

26 

530.93 

23.0419 

51 

2042 

2 

3.1416              1.7724 

27 

572.56 

23.9281 

52 

2123 

46.0838 

3 

7.0686             2.6587 

28 

615.75 

24.8144 

53 

2206 

46.97 

4 

12.5664              3.4549 

29 

660.52 

25.7006 

54 

2290 

47.8562 

5 

19.635               44311 

30 

706.86 

26.5868 

55 

2376 

48.7425 

6 

28.2744              5.3174 

31 

754.77 

27.473 

56 

2463 

49.6287 

7 

38.4846             6.2036 

32 

804.25 

28.3594 

57 

2552 

50.5149 

8 

50.2656              7.0898 

33 

855.30 

29.2455 

58 

2642 

51.4012 

9 

63.6174              7.976 

34 

907.9 

30.1317 

59 

2734 

52.2874 

10 

78.54                  8.8623 

35 

962.  12 

31.0179 

60 

2827 

53.1736 

11 

95.03                 9.7485 

36 

1017.9 

31.9042 

61 

2922 

54.0598 

12 

113.10                10.6347 

37 

1075.2 

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347 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 

Application  to  Schools. 


m  ji ! 

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Fifth  Avenue  High  School,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 


ARCHITECT, 

EDWARD  STOTZ. 


DESIGNERS  OF  SYSTEM, 

McGlNNESS-SMITH  COMPANY. 


CONTRACTORS, 
McGINNESS-SMITH  COMPANY. 


348 


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Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 

Application  to  Schools. 


The  Masten  Park  High  School,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

* 


ARCHITECTS, 
M.  E.  BEEBE  &  SON. 


DESIGNERS  OF  SYSTEM, 
BUFFALO  FORGE  COMPANY. 


CONTRACTORS, 
BUFFALO  FORGE  COMPANY. 


35° 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 

Application  to  Schools. 


SPACE  in  this  catalogue  is  too  valuable  to  permit  of  an  extended  discussion  and  analysis  of  the 
various  school  heating  apparatus.  Neither  will  it  be  used  for  detailing  the  subtle  effects  of 
bad  air  in  buildings  used  for  educational  purposes,  for  the  harmful  results  of  impure  air  are 
universally  appreciated.  A  technical  analysis  of  air  in  structures  properly  ventilated  and  those  im- 
properly ventilated,  the  percentage  of  diseases  caused  by  vitiated  atmospheres,  or  kindred  data,  does 
not  interest  the  ordinary  purchaser  or  reader.  A  large  amount  of  authentic  information  along  this 
line  will  be  cheerfully  furnished  to  those  making  these  subjects  a  study. 

The  Buffalo  Fan  System,  in  its  judiciously  planned  and  improved  applications  of  to-day,  repre- 
sents the  most  improved  and  advanced  ideas  in  the  science  of  school  heating  and  ventilation.  The 
accompanying  engravings  and  descriptions  present  the  more  common  forms  of  installations.  Scarcely 
two  buildings  are  treated  exactly  alike,  owing  to  the  difference  of  architectural  conditions,  yet  the 
general  scheme  of  the  layouts  may  be  upon  the  same  principle. 

The  illustration  on  page  349  shows  the  basement  arrangement  of  a  Buffalo  Fan  System 
Apparatus  applied  to  convey  both  cool  and  hot  air  to  each  room  by  single  pipes  under  thermostat 
control.  The  usual  steel  plate  jacket  covering  the  heater  is  dispensed  with,  it  being  enclosed  by  a 
brick  chamber  and  raised  three  or  four  feet  above  the  floor  upon  a  platform.  A  clearer  view  of  this 
feature  is  shown  on  page  131.  As  the  fresh  air  taken  from  outdoors  is  discharged  from  the  fan, 
it  passes  both  through  and  underneath  the  fan  system  coils  as  required.  All  pipes  connect  with  each 
of  the  receiving  chambers,  /.  e.,  warm  and  cool  air.  Dampers  are  so  arranged  that  the  pipe  will 
receive  its  supply  through  either  chamber,  as  regulated  by  the  thermostat.  Each  pipe  connects  with 
the  base  of  the  flue  leading  to  the  room  heated  and  ventilated.  The  office  of  the  thermostat  is  to  so 
operate  these  dampers  as  to  supply  cool  air  when  the  room  is  overheated  and  vice  versa.  It  will, 
therefore,  be  seen  that  with  the  supply  pipe  and  flue  for  a  room  of  given  dimensions  being  properly 
determined,  the  ventilation  is  never  impaired,  as  the  amount  of  air  supplied  is  always  uniform. 

Each  heater  coil  has  its  individual  steam  connection,  which,  with  a  suitable  arrangement  of 
valves,  permits  of  close  regulation.  The  engine  shown  with  this  outfit  is  of  the  low-pressure  type, 
and  is  ordinarily  furnished  belted  to  the  fan,  although  it  may  be  directly  connected  where  space 
necessitates,  or  other  reasons  render  desirable.  The  utilization  of  the  exhaust  steam  in  the  coils 
avoids  practically  all  expense  for  motive  power.  The  connections  may  be  so  arranged  as  to  employ 
it  in  the  main  heater  coils,  or  in  the  tempering  coils,  or  both,  at  option  of  the  janitor. 

In  school  buildings,  as  a  factor  of  economy,  it  is  often  desirable  to  locate  some  direct  radi- 
ation in  the  first  floor  corridors  and  principal's  room,  for  use  during  the  night,  or  at  times  when  the  fan 
is  not  running.  The  ventilating  flues  are,  as  a  rule,  built  up  with  the  hot  air  flues,  to  ensure  econom- 
ical building  construction  ;  and,  on  the  other  hand,  their  office  in  carrying  away  the  vitiated  air  is 
more  positive  than  when  placed  in  cold  outside  walls.  The  ventilation  of  toilet  rooms  should  always 
be  through  a  flue  used  only  for  this  purpose.  Under  certain  conditions,  a  small  special  ventilating 
fan,  directly  connected  through  a  piping  system  to  the  closets,  is  often  very  desirable. 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 

Application  to  Schools. 


ARCHITECTS, 
GREEN  &  WICKS. 


Buffalo  Grammar  School,  No.  54,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 


DESIGNERS  OF  SYSTEM, 

BUFFALO  FORGE  COMPANY. 


CONTRACTORS, 
BUFFALO  FORGE  COMPANY. 


352 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 

Application  to  Schools. 


The  Elmwood  Grammar  School,  No.  56,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 


ARCHITECTS, 

M.  E.  BEEBE  &  SON. 


DESIGNERS  OF  SYSTEM, 

BUFFALO  FORGE  COMPANY. 


CONTRACTORS, 

BUFFALO  FORGE  COMPANY. 


353 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 

Application  to  Schools. 


The  Ashland  Avenue  High  School,  Denver,  Colo. 


ARCHITECTS, 
F.  E.  EDBROOKE  &  CO 


DESIGNERS  OF  SYSTEM, 

F.  E.  EDBROOKE  &  CO. 


CONTRACTOR, 
CHARLES  J.  REILLY. 


354 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 

Application  to  Schools. 


Jas.  G.  Blaine  School,  3Oth  and  Norris  Streets,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


ARCHITECT, 

J.  AUSTIN. 


DESIGNER  OF  SYSTEM, 

J.  D.  CASSELL,  H.  &  V.  ENGINEER. 


CONTRACTORS, 

PHILADELPHIA  STEAM  HEATING  CO. 


355 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 

Application  to  Schools. 


Grammar  School,  8ist  St.  and  Ave.  "A,"  New  York  City. 


ARCHITECT, 
C.  B.  J.  SNYDER. 


DESIGNER  OF  SYSTEM, 

WM.  McMANNIS,  ENGINEER. 


CONTRACTORS, 
BLAKE  &  WILLIAMS. 


356 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 

Application  to  Schools. 


1 


I; 


Grammar  School,  82d  St.  and  West  End  Ave.,  New  York  City. 


ARCHITECT, 
C.  B.  J.  SNYDER. 


DESIGNER  OF  SYSTEM, 

WM.  McMANNIS,  ENGINEER. 


357 


CONTRACTORS, 

BLAKE  &  WILLIAMS.. 


•dl 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 

Application  to  Schools. 


THE  plan  of  installation  described  on  page  351  is  suitable  only  for  buildings  where  the  tempera- 
ture is  automatically  controlled  by  thermostats.     The  cut  on  the  opposite  page  affords  a  base- 
ment and  cross  section  view  of  a  school  building  heated  and  ventilated  by  a  typical  fan  system 
with  double  ducts,  one  for  hot,  and  one  for  tempered  air.     A  branch  of  each  leads  to  the  base  of 
every  supply  flue,  at  which  point  a  mixing  damper  of  the  type  shown  on  page  132  is  placed.     As  to 
the  amount  of  warm  and  tempered  air  admitted  to  the  room,  this  may  be  controlled  by  hand  regula- 
tion as  there  shown,  or  by  thermostats,  see  page  134.     The  basement  plan  outlines  the  position  of 
tempering  coil,  fan,  engine,  heater,  the  connections  from  boilers  to  and  from  the  engine  and  heater, 
also  ducts  from  the  heater  to  the  various  vertical  flues,  etc. 

Observe  that  in  this  case  the  tempered  air  ducts  are  placed  underneath  the  hot  air  ducts. 
They  may  be  readily  carried  overhead  or  at  one  side,  where  more  convenient.  The  location  of  the 
hot  air  and  vent  registers  in  the  different  grade  rooms  is  shown  in  the  cross  section,  together  with 
the  exit  of  the  foul  air  into  the  attic  and  thence  out  through  the  louvre  or  ventilator  on  the  roof. 
This  cross  section  may  also  be  used  with  engraving  on  page  349,  for  the  general  positions  of  the  hot 
air  and  vent  registers  are  practically  the  same  in  all  well  planned  applications.  This  plan  is  suited  to 
all  buildings  to  be  heated  and  ventilated  by  the  fan  system  of  the  double  type,  with  hot  and  tempered 
air  supply  to  each  room.  Applied  in  this  manner,  the  fan,  engine  and  heater  construction  may 
assume  either  the  form  illustrated  on  page  128  or  page  129,  as  may  be  best  suited  to  the  architec- 
tural conditions  to  be  met  in  the  installation  of  the  apparatus.  The  Buffalo  Grammar  Schools,  Nos. 
54  and  56,  see  pages  352  and  353,  and  James  G.  Elaine  School,  Philadelphia,  are  thus  equipped. 

The  main  feature  of  fan  system  applications  with  hot  and  cool  air  connections  to  each  room 
is  to  provide  for  the  constant  supply  of  a  stated  amount  of  air,  irrespective  of  the  temperature  of  the 
apartment.  If  the  heating  and  ventilating  system  be  an  ideal  one,  it  is  not  necessary,  if  the  room 
becomes  over-heated,  to  decrease  the  amount  of  air  delivered  in  order  that  the  temperature  may  still 
be  at  the  right  degree  for  comfort.  Under  the  double  system,  with  automatic  control,  the  mixing 
damper  immediately  changes  its  position  in  the  flue  to  admit  of  more  cold  air,  which  becomes  mixed 
with  the  warm  air  in  the  flue  before  being  delivered  into  the  room.  The  hot  air  register  usually  con- 
sists of  an  open  screen  of  large  area  placed  in  the  heating  flue  at  eight  feet  above  the  floor  line. 
The  air  is  discharged  at  a  low  velocity  toward  the  outer  or  cold  walls.  A  ventilating  register  is 
placed  near  the  floor  line,  preferably  in  a  flue  located  in  the  inner  wall.  Naturally,  the  movement 
of  the  air  is  toward  the  outer  walls  or  cool  portion,  where,  becoming  slightly  cooled,  and  after  per- 
forming its  office  of  heating  and  ventilating  the  space,  it  gradually  reaches  the  floor  and  finds  exit  to 
the  outside  through  the  vent  flue  and  ventilator  on  the  roof.  The  sustained  action  of  the  fan  pro- 
duces a  slight  pressure  of  the  entering  air,  which  combined  with  the  natural  draft  of  the  ventilating 
flue,  it  will  be  seen,  causes  the  above  air  movement  as  described.  With  the  supply  above  the  head 
level  of  occupants,  a  thorough  distribution  is  secured  without  drafts,  with  a  temperature  that  will  not 
vary  2°  in  any  portion  of  rooms  of  well  constructed  buildings. 

359 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 

Application  to  Schools. 


The  Stamford  High  School,  Stamford,  Conn. 


ARCHITECTS, 
BORING  &  TILTON. 


DESIGNERS  OF  SYSTEM, 
BUFFALO  FORGE  COMPANY. 


CONTRACTORS, 
BEGENT  &  LYNCH. 


360 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 

Application  to  Schools. 


East  Fifth  Street  Grammar  School,  Canton,  Ohio. 


ARCHITECT, 
GUY  TILDEN. 


DESIGNERS  OF  SYSTEM, 

BUFFALO  FORGE  COMPANY. 


CONTRACTORS, 
OBY  &  CO. 


361 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 

Application  to  Schools. 


A 


p:  "i"  ::§£-- : 

GIRLS  PLAT  ROOM 


East  Fifth  Street  Grammar  School,  Canton,  Ohio. 


362 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 

Application  to  Schools. 


THE  most  simple  application  of  a  fan  system  to  a  school  building  is  shown  by  the  engraving  on 
page  362.  The  cost  of  installation  is  reduced  to  a  minimum,  the  items  of  mixing  dampers, 
chains  for  operating,  indicator  dials  and  cool  air  ducts  being  eliminated.  In  the  construction  of 
the  apparatus,  provision  may  be  made  by  means  of  a  by-pass,  to  direct  a  portion  of  the  air  to  the  main 
conveying  duct  without  first  heating  it,  if  desired.  The  damper  in  the  by  pass  ordinarily  would  be 
operated  by  the  janitor.  The  fan  system  heater  coils  are  best  arranged  with  separate  steam  supply 
connections  to  each.  Both  of  these  features  combined,  afford  very  close  regulation  of  the  tempera- 
ture, but,  of  course,  it  is  not  so  complete  as  either  of  the  applications  previously  described.  In 
moderate  size,  well-built  buildings  and  the  location  of  the  apparatus  central  with  reference  to  the 
space  to  be  heated,  there  will  be  little  natural  tendency  toward  a  difference  in  temperature  in  the 
various  rooms,  rendering  more  elaborate  accessories  such  as  thermostats  and  double  duct  systems 
more  of  a  luxury  than  a  necessity. 

This  method  of  installation  is  more  commonly  employed  for  the  smaller  grammar  schools 
and  buildings  of  low  cost.  A  fan  system  thus  simply  installed  far  surpasses  any  other  method  of 
heating  and  ventilating,  in  that  the  supply  of  air  to  each  room  is  positive  under  all  conditions  of 
weather.  The  East  Fifth  Street  Grammar  School  (8-room  building)  at  Canton,  Ohio,  illustrated 
herewith,  is  an  installation  of  this  type.  Although  the  plant  has  been  running  for  years,  it  is  to-day 
rendering  most  efficient  service.  The  purity  of  the  atmosphere,  as  compared  with  other  buildings 
of  the  same  size  equipped  with  furnaces,  or  direct  steam  heat  without  mechanical  ventilation,  is  very 
noticeable.  An  extensive  list  of  similar  size  schools  in  various  sections  supplied  on  application. 

The  half-tone  engravings  herewith  were  selected  to  illustrate  the  more  prominent  forms  of 
application  in  educational  buildings  of  different  size  and  cost.  The  various  architectural  features 
will  also  be  of  interest.  A  complete  set  of  drawings  of  installations  of  any  of  the  types  herewith 
described  and  illustrated  will  be  supplied  to  architects  and  committees  seeking  the  best  heating  and 
ventilating  systems  obtainable.  There  exist,  in  most  of  the  large  cities,  school  buildings  equipped 
with  a  variety  of  heating  and  ventilating  apparatus.  From  the  city  records  may  be  obtained  accurate 
data  as  to  the  cost  of  fuel  and  repairs  of  these  different  systems.  A  careful  comparison  is  of  great 
interest.  Nothing  further  is  needed  to  point  the  lesson  than  to  observe  that  all  the  new  buildings  are 
outfitted  with  the  Fan  System  and  designed  with  suitable  reference  thereto. 

A  remark  made  years  ago  by  the  late  Robert  Briggs,  "If  air  is  wanted  in  any  particular  place 
at  any  particular  time,  it  must  be  put  there;  not  allowed  to  go,"  has  become  a  universally  accepted 
axiom.  The  only  way  to  secure  such  results  is  fully  covered  by  this  statement  of  the  same  author, 
"No  other  method  than  that  of  impelling  air  by  direct  means,  with  a  fan,  is  equally  independent  of 
accidental  natural  conditions,  equally  efficient  for  a  desired  result,  or  equally  controllable  to  suit  the 
device  of  those  who  are  ventilated."  Years  of  diligent  and  constant  effort  to  the  end  of  entering 
heating  and  ventilation  as  one  of  the  architectural  considerations  of  buildings,  has  had  the  desired 
result.  The  fan  is  now  the  first  element  of  the  efficient  ventilating  and  heating  apparatus,  and  is  so 
embodied  in  the  heating  engineer's  and  architect's  specification. 

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365 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heateing  and  Ventilating, 

Application  to  Training  Schools. 


The  State  Manual  Training  School,  Hayes  Hall,  Columbus,  Ohio. 


ARCHITECT, 
F.  L.  PACKARD. 


DESIGNERS  OF  SYSTEM, 
BUFFALO  FORGE  COMPANY. 


CONTRACTORS, 
BUFFALO  FORGE  COMPANY. 


366 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 

Application  to  Training  Schools. 


Blower  with  Adjustable  Bed 

&  Counter  Shaft 
Blast  Gate 
Blast  Pipe 

Foundry 

upola. 


The  State  Manual  Training  School,  Hayes  Hall,  Columbus,  Ohio. 


367 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 


Application  to  Public  Buildings. 


ARCHITECTS, 
VONNEGUT  &  BOHN. 


DESIGNERS  AND  CONTRACTORS 
OF  SYSTEM, 

BUFFALO  FORGE  COMPANY. 


Indianapolis  Public  Library,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 


ARCHITECT, 

M.  F.  GIESEY. 


DESIGNERS  OF  SYSTEM, 

BUFFALO  FORGE  COMPANY. 


CONTRACTORS, 
TRIMBLE  &  LUTZ  CO. 


Ohio  County  Jail  and  Jailer's  Residence,  Wheeling,  W.  Va. 

368 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 

Application  to  Technical  Schools,  Public  Libraries,  etc. 


THE  foremost  American  training  schools,  public  and  private,  also  those  of  some  foreign  countries, 
have  been  equipped  with  Buffalo  Forges,  Blowers,  Exhausters,  Punch,  Shear  and  Bar  Cutters, 
Blacksmith  Tools,  or  the  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating.  The  prime  object  of  tech- 
nical schools  is  to  acquaint  students  with  the  most  approved  shop  methods.  It  is  but  natural,  there- 
fore, that  the  equipment  of  these  institutions  affords  an  example  of  all  that  is  best. 

The  half-tone  engraving  on  page  366  illustrates  Hayes  Hall,  of  the  Ohio  State  University, 
designed  by  F.  L.  Packard,  of  Yost  &  Packard,  Columbus,  O.  The  wax  cut,  page  367,  clearly  illus- 
trates the  method  of  distributing  the  hot  air  to  the  various  portions  of  the  building.  It  will  be 
observed  that  the  usual  equipment  of  Buffalo  Forges,  Blowers  for  supplying  blast,  and  Exhausters  for 
removing  the  smoke  and  heat,  is  present.  A  separate  Buffalo  Blower  is  provided  for  the  foundry 
cupola.  In  the  space  at  command,  the  details  of  the  outfit  cannot  be  treated  at  length,  but  a  com- 
plete set  of  blue  prints  of  this  and  similar  schools  likewise  outfitted  will  be  cheerfully  furnished  to 
heads  of  similar  institutions  desiring  them  either  for  exhibition  drawings  or  for  designing  a  plant 
suited  to  their  needs.  The  cubic  contents  is  498,950  and  a  Buffalo  Apparatus,  consisting  of  a 
130-inch  steel  plate  fan,  with  a  6,500  foot  fan  system  heater,  was  selected  for  the  heating  outfit.  It 
being  desirable  to  effect  a  change  of  air  once  in  ten  minutes,  necessitated  the  above  size  of  fan, 
which  easily  accomplishes  the  purpose  running  at  an  average  speed. 

THE  PENNA.  STATE  COLLEGE  CHEMISTRY  AND  PHYSICS  BUILDINGS,  at  State  College, 
Pa.,  are  shown  on  page  364.  The  Buffalo  Fan  System  is  also  used  in  other  buildings  on  the  same 
campus  with  most  excellent  results.  The  large  stone  dormitory  which  for  years  had  been  used 
without  adequate  ventilation  has  recently  been  outfitted  by  this  house.  It  is  a  very  practical  illus- 
tration of  how  an  old  building,  planned  in  utter  disregard  of  ventilation  requirements,  may  be 
effectually  rejuvenated. 

MISSOURI  STATE  UNIVERSITY  BUILDINGS.  COLUMBIA.  MO.  Several  are  outfitted  with  the 
Buffalo  Fan  System,  including  the  main  building,  /.  e..  Academic  Hall,  illustrated  on  page  365. 
Chemical  laboratories  of  all  institutions  of  this  nature  require  special  treatment,  that  offensive  odors 
and  gases  generated  at  a  given  point,  may  not  permeate  other  portions  of  the  building.  Many 
similar  buildings  of  other  universities  have  also  been  equipped  and  installation  details  will  be  cheer- 
fully furnished  those  interested. 

THE  INDIANAPOLIS  PUBLIC  LIBRARY,  see  page  368,  affords  little  divergence  from  the  plan 
of  air  supply  and  removal  employed  in  school  buildings.  Care  has  been  taken  to  free  the  air  of  dust 
and  dirt,  and  to  admit  it  in  the  stack  rooms  in  a  manner  to  prevent  immediate  contact  with  the 
books.  By  eliminating  the  dust  and  dirt  from  the  atmosphere,  injury  from  this  source  is  prevented. 

THE  OHIO  CO.  JAIL.  WHEELING.  W.  VA..  exemplifies  the  utility  and  efficiency  of  the  fan 
system  for  a  building  often  crowded  with  the  lowest  of  human  beings.  The  stench  which  has  been 
an  inherent  feature  of  these  institutions,  until  the  original  installations  made  by  this  house,  is  entirely 
eliminated.  Even  in  the  cell  rooms,  the  air  is  pure  to  the  sense  of  smell. 

369 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 

Application  to  Churches. 


Pilgrim  Congregational  Church,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 


ARCHITECT, 

S.  R.  BADCLEY. 


DESIGNER  OF  SYSTEM, 
S.  R.  BADGLEY. 


CONTRACTORS. 

SUPERIOR  STEAM  HEATING  CO. 


370 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 

Application  to  Churches. 


Epworth  M.  E.  Church,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 


ARCHITECT, 
S.  R.  BADGLEY. 


DESIGNER  OF  SYSTEM, 
S.  R.  BADGLEY. 


CONTRACTORS, 
BUFFALO  FORGE  COMPANY. 


371 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 

Application  to  Churches. 


r  *  ®  § 

••• ;*^1 

7*  >HiH^S  II  ll  II 

f 


1]   1111    11 


Christ  M.  E.  Church,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 


ARCHITECTS, 
WEARY  &  KRAMER. 


DESIGNERS  OF  SYSTEM. 
BUFFALO  FORCE  COMPANY. 


CONTRACTORS, 
BUFFALO  FORGE  COMPANY. 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 

Application  to  Churches. 


ARCHITECTS, 
VRYDACH  &  WOLFE. 


Calvary  M.  E.  Church,  Allegheny,  Pa. 

DESIGNERS  OF  SYSTEM, 

BUFFALO  FORGE  COMPANY. 


CONTRACTORS, 

BUFFALO  FORGE  COMPANY. 


373 


Buffalo   Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 

Application  to      AL     Churches. 


ARCHITECT    AND    DESIGNER    OF    SYSTEM, 
WARREN    D.  HAYES. 


CONTRACTORS, 

C.  S.  WENTWORTH  &  CO. 


(•.:;..         .  ,•    *«-;...      ^">  jj 

Wesley  M.  E.  Church,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

374 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 


Application  to  Churches. 


Wesley  M.  E.  Church,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
375 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 

Application  to  Churches. 


Embury  Memorial  Church,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


ARCHITECTS, 
PARF1TT  BROS. 


DESIGNER  OF  SYSTEM, 

WALTER  E.  PARFITT. 


CONTRACTORS, 
BAKER,  SMITH  &  CO. 


376 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 

Application  to  Churches. 


OF  ALL  places  of  assembly,  the  church  requires  the  greatest  care  in  planning  the  system  of 
heating  and  ventilation.  The  treatment  must  primarily  depend  upon  the  design.  When  large 
domes  or  stained  glass  windows  enter  as  prominent  architectural  features,  provision  must  be 
made  to  obviate  cold  drafts  in  severe  weather,  caused  by  warm  air  from  the  heating  apparatus  com- 
ing in  contact  therewith,  and  immediately  condensing  and  falling  about  the  heads  and  shoulders  of  the 
audience.  Again,  in  the  matter  of  noise  the  church,  of  all  buildings,  is  the  most  exacting.  Air  cur- 
rents must  be  introduced  at  so  low  a  velocity  as  to  be  imperceptible,  and  the  operation  of  the  fan 
motor — be  it  steam,  electric,  or  water — must  be  inaudible.  Magnificent  edifices  everywhere  in  the 
country  testify  to  the  unequalled  efficiency  of  the  Buffalo  Fan  System,  and  that  this  house  has  had 
the  most  extended  experience  in  installing  and  designing  adequate  heating  and  ventilating  equipments. 

With  the  amphitheater  style  of  church  construction,  the  application  will  be  very  similar  to  that 
of  the  theater.  A  favorite  and  growing  method  of  air  introduction  is  through  numerous  small  regis- 
ters or  openings  of  special  design  placed  in  pew  ends.  The  sides  and  ends  of  pulpit  platforms  are 
utilized  to  good  advantage,  especially  where  floors  are  practically  level.  There  is  an  increasing 
tendency  toward  keeping  church  auditoriums  constantly  warm  all  the  week,  although  not  used  daily 
for  services.  Expensive  organs  are  best  preserved  in  uniform  good  tone  and  action  by  an  invariable 
even  temperature.  Where  desired,  arrangements  may  be  made  to  heat  the  pastor's  study,  parlors, 
lecture  and  committee  rooms  by  direct  radiation,  without  running  the  fan.  While  in  the  occasional 
warming  of  unimportant  rooms,  ventilation  is  not  an  all-essential  feature,  at  the  same  time  provision 
may  be  made  for  supplying  fresh  air  to  these  rooms  when  the  fan  is  in  motion. 

The  fan  system  affords  possibilities  beyond  the  bounds  of  any  other  apparatus  for  warming  a 
cold  building  in  a  short  time,  in  severe  weather.  This  occurs  by  the  frequent  change  of  air  in  the 
building,  incident  to  continuous  action  of  the  fan.  A  slight  pressure  being  thus  maintained,  there  are 
no  cold  corners  or  sections  of  the  auditorium.  This  quick  heating  of  the  church,  as  against  the 
necessity  of  running  other  types  of  apparatus  several  days  previous  to  occupancy  in  coldest  weather, 
affords  great  economy  in  fuel.  Where  churches  have  their  own  electric  light  plant,  the  exhaust  steam 
from  the  dynamo  engine  is  utilized  in  the  heater.  The  pure  air  of  church  buildings  ventilated  and 
heated  by  the  Buffalo  Fan  System  presents  a  marked  contrast  to  the  vitiated  atmosphere  of  those  not 
having  mechanical  ventilation.  The  cut  on  page  375  gives  a  very  clear  illustration  as  to  the  location 
and  arrangement  of  apparatus,  course  of  air  piping,  position  of  hot  air  registers,  etc.,  in  the  Wesley 
M.  E.  Church,  Minneapolis,  Minn.  In  its  entirety,  the  heating  and  ventilating  system  was  designed  by 
the  architect  when  the  building  was  erected.  The  arrangement  is  such  that  the  Sunday  school  and 
main  auditorium  may  be  thrown  into  one  open  space  when  desired.  The  outfit  includes  a  140-in. 
Buffalo  Steel  Plate  Fan,  capable  of  moving  95,160  cu.  ft.  of  air  per  minute  at  1  oz.  pressure. 

It  is  beyond  the  capacity  of  this  book  to  present  detailed  engravings  of  installations  in  churches 
of  varied  architectural  features.  Architects,  committees  and  others  will  be  cheerfully  furnished  with 
complete  detailed  drawings  and  specifications  of  plants  in  operation,  upon  request. 

377 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 

Application  to  Public  Buildings. 


ARCHITECT, 

JAS.  w.  MCLAUGHLIN 


The  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

DESIGNERS  OF  SYSTEM, 

BUFFALO  FORGE  COMPANY. 
378 


CONTRACTORS, 

M.  H.  CRANE  ESTATE. 


Buffalo   Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 

Application  to  Legislative  Buildings. 


Lucas  County  Court  House,  Toledo,  Ohio. 


ARCHITECT, 
D.  L.  STINE. 


DESIGNERS  OF  SYSTEM, 

BUFFALO  FORGE  COMPANY. 


CONTRACTORS, 

SHAW-KENDALL  ENGINEERING  CO. 


379 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 

Application  to  Office  Buildings. 


1.1 

11 
Jl 

n 

ID 


m 


If  innrrrrrfrrrrr;; 


ARCHITECTS, 
GREEN  &  WICKS. 


Real  Estate  Exchange,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

DESIGNERS  OF  SYSTEM, 

BUFFALO  FORGE  COMPANY. 
380 


CONTRACTORS, 
BUFFALO  FORGE  COMPANY. 


Buffalo   Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 

Application  to  Office  and  Legislative  Buildings,  Theaters,  etc. 


THE  court  houses,  theaters,  asylums,  hospitals,  buildings  occupying  complete  blocks,  railway  sta- 
tions, and  other  structures  illustrated  by  the  half-tone  engravings  appearing  on  accompanying 
pages,  are  merely  presented  as  showing  the  diversity,  the  extent  and  character  of  the  work 
placed  by  this  house.  To  publish  engravings  of  details  fully  covering  each  installation  is  not  feasible, 
owing  to  the  amount  of  space  required.  We  will  at  all  times  be  pleased  to  forward  to  interested  par- 
ties, complete  specifications  and  blue  prints  of  heating  and  ventilating  plants  in  operation,  and  which 
have  stood  the  test  for  years.  Architects,  engineers  and  other  designers  will  find  such  data  a  most 
valuable  guide.  The  kind  of  building  should  be  mentioned,  and  an  approximate  idea  of  its  size  be 
given,  to  enable  a  selection  from  our  drawing  room  files  of  corresponding  capacity  and  requirements. 

The  Buffalo  Real  Estate  Exchange  (see  opposite  page),  containing  1017  offices,  is  heated  and 
ventilated  by  the  Buffalo  Fan  System.  It  is  a  radical  departure  from  the  ordinary  office  building 
heating  methods,  /.  e.,  direct  steam  without  mechanical  ventilation.  The  first  practical  example  of  fan 
system  heating  work  ever  used  in  a  commercial  building  was  installed  by  this  house  several  years  ago, 
and  the  present  revolution  in  these  matters  dates  from  that  time.  Hitherto,  a  positive  supply  of  fresh 
air,  invariably  at  the  right  degree  for  comfort  in  an  office  building,  had  never  been  known.  The  value 
of  the  fan  system  may  at  once  be  calculated  in  dollars  and  cents.  Buildings  thus  outfitted  command 
higher  rents,  and  the  best  class  of  tenants,  with  a  wonderful  saving  in  fuel.  The  usual  space  required 
for  radiators  and  pipe  lines  is  saved,  and  there  are  innumerable  other  equally  potent  advantages. 

The  Real  Estate  Exchange  contains  about  900,000  cubical  contents.  Two  150-inch  fans  are 
employed,  driven  by  direct  connected  10x10  Buffalo  Horizontal  Center  Crank  Engines.  The  coils 
contain  a  total  of  20,400  feet  of  fan  system  heater,  and  are  divided  with  valves  into  24  separate  sec- 
tions. The  air  supply,  taken  from  the  roof,  first  passes  over  the  tempering  coils,  then  through  our 
patented  air  washing  device  and  heaters  into  the  fans,  from  there  being  delivered  to  the  offices.  The 
temperature  of  each  room  is  controlled  by  electric  thermostats.  Hot  and  cold  air  ducts  are  provided 
with  mixing  dampers,  so  that  any  floor  may  be  supplied  with  warm  or  cool  air,  independent  of  other 
floors.  This  heating  and  ventilating  plant  will  be  found  an  interesting  study  to  architects,  engineers, 
owners  and  projectors  of  public  buildings,  who  are  unacquainted  with  installation  features  of  the  fan 
system  into  commercial  buildings. 

The  subject  of  sanitary  heating  and  ventilating  of  prisons,  penitentiaries  and  legislative  buildings 
is  an  interesting  one  to  the  heating  and  ventilating  engineer.  It  is  a  field  which  affords  excellent 
opportunity  for  the  development  of  practical  applications.  The  first  named  institutions  are  frequently 
too  small  for  the  requirements,  and  are  generally  crowded  with  the  lowest  class  of  people.  The  prison 
cells  require  a  bountiful  fresh  air  supply,  warmed  in  winter,  and  unwarmed  in  summer,  so  arranged  as 
to  provide  thorough  distribution  and  a  rapid  removal  of  the  polluted  atmosphere. 

The  court  house  presents  conditions  which*  at  certain  times — for  example,  during  a  sensational 
criminal  trial — call  for  like  treatment.  The  effect  of  vile  odors  and  rampant  disease  germs  can  only  be 
dispelled  by  introducing  fresh  air  in  large  volumes  and  rapidly  expelling  vitiated  atmospheres. 

381 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 


Application  to  Legislative  Buildings. 


Williams  County  Court  House,  Bryan,  Ohio. 


ARCHITECTS, 

E.  O.  FALLIS  &  CO. 


DESIGNERS  OF  SYSTEM, 
BUFFALO  FORGE  COMPANY. 


CONTRACTORS, 
SHAW-KENDALL  ENGINEERING  CO. 


382 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 


Application  to  Asylums. 


Buffalo  State  Insane  Hospital. 


ARCHITECTS, 

GREEN  &  WICKS,  W.  W.  CARLIN, 
AND  I.  G.  PERRY. 


DESIGNERS  OF  SYSTEM, 

BUFFALO  FORGE  COMPANY 


CONTRACTORS, 

BUFFALO  FORGE  COMPANY, 


383 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 


Application  to  Theaters,  etc. 


Baltimore  Music  Hall,  Baltimore,  Md. 


ARCHITECT, 

T.  HENRY  RANDALL. 


DESIGNERS  OF  SYSTEM. 
BUFFALO  FORGE  COMPANY. 


CONTRACTORS, 
BUFFALO  FORGE  COMPANY. 


384 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 

Application  to  Commercial  Blocks,  Theaters,  etc. 


Piii*J      *  r  >  * , 
..„    tl  IIII  FEECFfri   , 


The  Valentine  Theater,  Store  and  Office  Building,  Toledo,  Ohio. 


ARCHITECTS, 

E.  O.  FALLIS  &  CO. 


DESIGNERS  OF  SYSTEM, 
BUFFALO  FORGE  COMPANY. 


CONTRACTORS, 

SHAW-KENDALL  ENGINEERING  CO. 


385 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 


Application  to  Theaters,  etc. 


The  Chicago  Auditorium,  Chicago,  111. 


ARCHITECTS, 

ADLER  &  SULLIVAN. 


DESIGNER  OF  SYSTEM, 

I.  LINCOLN,  JR. 


CONTRACTORS, 
BUFFALO  FORGE  COMPANY. 


386 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 

Application  to     t  ]  Passenger  Stations. 


ARCHITECT  AND  DESIGNER  OF    SYSTEM, 

THEODORE  C.  LINK. 


CONTRACTORS, 
AMERICAN  HEATING  COMPANY. 


New  Union  R.  R.  Station,  St.  Louis. 


ARCHITECT, 
F.  L.  LAWRENCE. 


DESIGNERS  AND  CONTRACTORS  OF  SYSTEM, 

McGINNESS-SMITH  CO. 


Louisville  &  Nashville  Union  Station,  Louisville,  Ky. 

387 


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389 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 

Application  to  a  Bonded  Warehouse. 


Ware  House  B, 


End  View  of  Apparatus  Showing 
Hot  Air  inlets  to  Ware  Houses 


Side  View  Showing  Heating  Apparatus  Building  Partially 
and  also  the  Side  of  Ware  House  A. 


Air  Pipes  Arranged  to  Comply  with  U.  S.  Government  Regulations. 


39° 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 

Application  to  Factory  Buildings. 


BUILDINGS  used  for  manufacturing  purposes  vary  so  greatly  in  form  and  requirements  that  it 
is  here  impossible  to  describe   at   length  applications  suited  to  all  conditions.     The  illustra- 
tions show  ordinary  arrangements.     The  apparatus  design  readily  lends  itself  to  every  form 
and  type  of  mill  construction.     Upon  request,  drawings  of  heating  and  ventilating  apparatus  in  any 
line  of  industry,  giving  a  comprehensive  idea  of  applications  to  similar  buildings,  will  be  supplied  to 
intending  purchasers,  with  a  list  of  like  manufactories  similarly  outfitted. 

The  features  which  have  attended  the  rapid  introduction  of  the  Buffalo  Fan  System  into  the 
largest  manufactories  throughout  the  continent,  briefly  enumerated,  are  as  follows :  Comparatively 
low  initial  cost,  minimum  expense  for  running,  freedom  of  expense  for  repairs,  great  uniformity  of 
temperature  throughout  the  space  heated,  benefits  derived  from  ventilation,  both  in  summer  and 
winter,  and  freedom  from  fire.  The  fan  system  is  now  generally  used  for  industrial  buildings  of  all 
kinds  and  requirements.  From  the  cotton  mill  with  its  thousands  of  employees  and  millions  of 
cubical  contents,  to  the  small  tool  factory,  it  is  always  first  in  mind  when  the  heating  equipment  is 
discussed.  The  architect,  too,  provides  the  proper  flues,  obviating  cumbersome  galvanized  iron  pipes 
The  amount  of  air  delivered  into  a  factory  for  heating  usually  is  in  excess  of  that  actually 
required  for  proper  ventilation,  the  occupants,  as  a  rule,  being  separated.  In  such  cases  economy  is 
secured  by  using  over  again  a  portion  of  the  air  previously  heated.  This  is  generally  accomplished 
by  drawing  the  air  to  the  fan  down  through  stairways  or  openings  provided  especially  for  the  purpose. 
In  one-story  buildings,  dampers  or  doors  may  be  so  arranged  that  part  of  the  air  entering  the  fan 
may  be  taken  from  the  outside,  and  the  balance  from  the  apparatus  room  or  mill  itself.  Sufficient 
area  should  be  provided  for  taking  all  the  air  from  out-of-doors  in  summer.  The  area  of  the  return 
air  duct  should  always  be  ample  for  taking  the  entire  supply  from  the  mill,  when  desirable  ;  for 
example,  in  extremely  cold  weather,  and  where  the  apparatus  is  run  nights.  Where  industrial  build- 
ings are  of  such  construction  that  fans  and  heaters  are  placed  upon  elevated  platforms  or  trusses, 
and  cranes  or  other  machinery  prevent  the  air  delivery  pipes  extending  down  to  a  reasonable  height 
above  the  floor  line,  the  connection  for  the  air  supply  to  the  heater  must  be  carried  down  near  the 
floor  line  of  building,  in  order  that  the  circulation  may  be  uniform  and  complete.  Such  installations 
usually  occur  in  one-story  buildings.  Vent  flues,  for  the  removal  of  vitiated  air,  are  seldom  provided 
in  mill  construction,  for  opening  doors  and  crevices  about  windows,  etc.,  afford  ample  escape  of  the 
foul  air.  Where  such  egress  is  limited,  provision  for  its  exit  must  accordingly  be  made. 

In  cotton,  silk,  textile  mills  and  other  like  industries  with  a  large  number  of  occupants,  in 
order  to  maintain  an  excellent  standard  of  ventilation,  it  is  usually  advisable  to  take  the  entire  source 
of  air  supply  directly  from  out-of-doors.  Apparatus  arrangement  and  construction  in  all  mills  pro- 
vide for  the  use  of  available  exhaust  and  live  steam,  where  required. 

Industrial  buildings  with  large  open  space  or  unpartitioned  areas  are  now  heated  by  apparatus 
arranged  similar  to  the  illustration  on  page  389  without  any  piping  system.  Uniform  circulation 
occurs  by  taking  the  cold  air  from  the  floor  line,  and  the  constant  action  of  the  fan,  which  thoroughly 
diffuses  the  warmed  air. 

39i 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 

Application  to  the  Gallery  Type  of  Factories. 


The  Gallery  Type  of  Factories.     Elevation. 


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The  Gallery  Type  of  Factories.     Plan. 


392 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 

Application  to  a  Shoe  Factory. 


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Sectional  Elevation,  Showing  Air  Pipe,  Outlets,  Etc. 

393 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 

Application  to  Factories. 


A  Triangular  Printery.     Plan. 
394 


Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and  Ventilating, 


Application  to  Factories. 


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A  Triangular  Printery.     Sectional  Elevation. 


395 


Catalogues  of  Various  Buffalo  Machines, 

Instructions  to  Dealers. 


IN  ADDITION  to  the  present   complete   general  catalogue,  we   publish    sectionals,   giving   full 
detailed  information  regarding  the  various  branches  of  our  work.    These  are  for  the  convenience 
of  dealers,  or  customers  who  are  not  often  at  one   time   in   the  market  for  several  kinds  of 
machinery  embraced  in  our  output,    therefore   are  not  interested  in  all  of  the  matter  contained 
herein.     Dealers  are  requested  to  keep  a  supply  of  the  various  sectional  catalogues  constantly  on  hand. 
In  ordering  additional   copies  of  any,   simply  refer  to  the  titles  given  below,  stating  the   number 
desired  of  each.     Below  we  enumerate  all  the  separate  regular  catalogues  : 

ILLUSTRATED  GENERAL  CATALOGUE.  This  is  the  present  book  of  400  pages,  containing 
a  complete  description  of  all  the  goods  manufactured  by  us.  Bound  in  full  cloth.  This  catalogue 
replaces  our  1892  edition  of  288  pages. 

"B"  96  ENGINE  CATALOGUE,  40  pages,  contains  a  complete  description  of  all  Buffalo 
Forge  Co.'s  engines  for  electric  lighting  and  power  purposes. 

"  C  "  96  MECHANICAL  DRAFT,  contains  24  pages,  with  a  complete  description  of  forced  draft 
and  induced  draft  fans,  with  illustrations  of  application. 

"  D  "  96.     Steel  Plate  Steam  and  Pulley  Fans,  48  pages. 

"  E  "  96.  Describes  in  detail  apparatus  used  in  the  Buffalo  Fan  System  of  Heating  and 
Ventilating,  with  incidental  data  relative  thereto.  40  pages. 

"  F  "  96.     Buffalo  Fan  System  Lumber  Dry  Kilns  and  Brick  Dryers.     24  pages. 

"  G"  96.  Buffalo  Pulley  Disk  Wheels.  24  pages,  containing  application  cuts  not  published 
in  the  complete  catalogue. 

"H  "  96.  Buffalo  Planing  Mill  Exhausters,  Countershafts,  etc.  This  catalogue  is  replete 
with  illustrations  and  application  data.  24  pages. 

"  I  "  96.      Buffalo  Cotton  Elevators,  Countershafts,  etc.     4  pages. 

"  J  "  96.  Buffalo  Steel  Pressure  Blowers,  Countershafts,  Blast  Gates,  etc.,  with  data  for 
blowing  cupola  furnaces,  forge  fires,  etc.  This  catalogue  also  contains  illustrations  and  prices  of 
Blast  Gates,  Countershafts,  etc.  32  pages. 

"K"  96.      Buffalo  "  B  "  Volume  Blowers  and  Exhausters,  Countershafts,  etc.     28  pages. 
Buffalo  Gas  Blowers  and  Exhausters.     8  pages. 


"  M  "  96.  Catalogue  of  Stationary  Forges  for  industrial  shops  and  technical  schools.  36 
pages.  Replete  with  half-tone  illustrations  of  modern  forge  shops. 

"  N  "  96.     Describes  the  9  designs  of  Buffalo  Heating  Forges.     8  pages. 

•'0  "  96.  Buffalo  Portable  Forges,  Blacksmith  Drills,  Punch,  Shear  and  Bar  Cutters,  Hand 
Blowers.  24  pages.  This  catalogue  is  issued  in  several  100,000  lots  each  year,  the  aim  being  to 
reach  every  blacksmith  in  the  world. 

MISCELLANEOUS  PUBLICATIONS.  Keeping  always  abreast  of  the  times  necessitates  con- 
stant improvements  in  design  and  construction.  Such,  with  new  tools  and  data,  are  made  the 
subject  of  special  catalogues  and  circulars. 

396 


INDEX. 


Air,  Velocities  of 331 

Air,  Water  Column  Pressures  of 331 

Anemometer 330,  331 

Angle  Iron  Cutter 327 

Bearings,  Oil  Ring 76,  79,  188,  189,  225 

Blast  Gates 230,  231 

Blast  Pipes,  Table  Diameter  of 341 

Blast  Wheels,  Measurements  of 180 

Blowers  and  Exhausters,  Suggestions  to 

Purchasers 181 

Blowers,  "B"  Volume 236-243 

"B,"  Table  of  Capacities  for  Various 

Pressures 249 

Boiler 236-243 

Cupola      206-225 

Speeds  for 221 

Experimental 289 

Forge  Fires 206-223,  236 

Speeds  for 223,  249 

for  Organs 236 

Gas 206-225,  236-253 

Hand 306-311 

Steel  Pressure 206-225 

Steel  Pressure,  with  Engines.  .    .    .  217-220 
Boilers,  Table  Air  and  Size  of  Pipes  Required  .    .  243 

Cars,  for  Brick,  Tile,  etc 160-162 

Churches,    Heating    and    Ven- 
tilation of  . 106-145,370-377 

Circles,  Area  of 342 

Cotton  Elevators 202-205 

Countershafts 226-229 

Court  Houses,  Heating  and  Ven- 
tilation of  106-145,379,381,382 

Dampers,  Air  Mixing  for  Double  Duct 

System 132-135 

for  Forced  Draft 52,  53 

Mill  Flue 138,  139 

Disk  Wheels,  Capacity  Table 175 


Disk  Wheels,  Electric 172-174 

Engine  .    .    . 170,  171 

Pulley 166-169 

Drills,  Hand  and  Power 312-323 

Dryers,  Brick 154-162 

Clay 154-162 

Cotton  and  Woolen  Stock 163-165 

Glue 178 

Laundry 177 

Leather 163 

Powder 164,  165 

Silk 163 

Starch 163 

Terra  Cotta 154-162 

Tile 154-162 

Tobacco 165 

Wood  Fiber 163 

Dry  Kilns,  Lumber 146-153 

Dust  Separators 191 

Emery  Wheels,   Hoods  for 250,  251 

Engines,  Center-crank,  Table  of  Capacities   .    .  25,  29 
Engines  and  Generators,  Direct  Connected  ....  22 

Engines,  Automatic  Center-crank 14-29 

Automatic  Double  Upright    .    .  •.    .    .  30,  31 
Automatic  Double  Single-acting, 

Enclosed 32,  33 

Automatic  Single  Upright     ...      34,  35 

Horizontal  Side-crank •   10-13 

Exhausters,  "B"  Volume  .    .    .    .206-225,236-253 

Gas 244-251 

Planing  Mills 182-201 

Planing  Mill,  Air  Capacities 193 

Planing  Mill,  Double 184-187 

Shavings 182-201 

Factories,   Heating  and  Ven- 
tilation of 106-121,388-395 

Fan  System  of  Heating,  Ventilating  and 

Drying 106-165 


397 


INDEX 


(CONTINUED.) 


Fan  System  Apparatus,  Small 108,  109 

Double  Duct 128,  129 

Fans,  Steel  Plate  Steam  for  Forced  Draft  .  .  .  47-54 
for  Induced  Draft  .  .  36-46 
for  Mechanical  Draft,  36-105 
for  Ship  Ventilation  .  54-69 
with  Double  Engines  .  54-65 
with  Single 

Engines.  .  38-44,  68-87 

with  Pulley 96-105 

Fans,  }£  Housing 70-77 

Cone 94,  95 

Cotton 202-205 

Data  on  Selection 145 

Electric 172-174,  232,  233 

for  Shavings 182-201 

Table  of,  with  Proper  Size  of 

Heater  Coils 142,   143 

Mine 88-93 

Pulley,  with  Overhung  Wheels.  .    .    .  104,  105 

Steam,  with  Overhung  Wheels 36-46 

Steel  Plate,  Proportion  Standard  of  .    .    .    .102 

Capacities  of 85 

for  Cooling 96,  166,  236 

Flues  and  Registers,  Table  of  Capacities  .  .  334 

Flues,  Data  for  Determining 333-335 

Forges,  Down  Draft 258-281 

Heating 290-293 

Hand 294-305 

Portable  Power.  .    .       .       ....      286-289 

Portable 294-305 

Stationary  Blast 265-285 

Forge  Shops,  Railway 266-268 

Friction  of  Air  in  Pipes,  Table  of 344-347 

Heater  Coils,  Table  of,  with  Proper  Size  Fans.  142,  143 

Dimensions 121 

Heaters,  Blow-through 

Type 114,  116,  117,  128,  129,  131 


Heaters,  Exhaust-through 

Type 108,  110,  112,  126,  127,  130 

Special  Arrangement  of 126,  127 

Small 106,  109,  122,  123 

Fan  System,  Sectional 118-121 

Indirect 122,  123 

Steam 118-123' 

Hygrophants 152,  153 

Insane   Asylums,    Heating   and 

Ventilation  of 106-145,  383 

Jails,  Heating  and  Ventilation  of 368,  381 

Lumber  Trucks 148 

Mill  Heating  Apparatus 126,  127 

Mills,  Heating  and  Ventilation  of.  .  .106-121,  388-395 
Office  Buildings,  Heating  and  Ven- 
tilation of  .  106-145,  378-386 

Pipe,  Galvanized,  Weights      195 

Pipes,  Table  for  Given  Air  Volumes 336-339 

Table  for  Various  Velocities .340 

Table  for  Equalizing  Diameters 343 

Pumps,  Steam 141,  144 

Punch.  Shear  and  Bar  Cutters 324-326 

Railway  Stations,  Heating  and  Ven- 
tilation of 106-145,  387 

Register  Frames 136,  137 

Register  Sizes,  Table  of 332 

Schools,  Heating  and  Ventilation  of  106-145,  348-367 

Technical 256-264 

Thermostat  Damper  Opener.  .    ...    . 134 

Theaters,    Heating   and   Ven- 
tilation of 106-145,  384-386 

Tire  Upsetters 328,  329 

Traps,  Steam 140,  141 

Tuyeres,  Anti-clinking,  Dumping 285 

Wood-working  Machinery,  Hoods  for     ....  196-201 
Works  of  Buffalo  Forge  Co.,  Description     ....      9 
Y.   M.  C.  A's,   Heating  and  Ven- 
tilation of 106-145,  378 


398 


Done  at 

DIES  &  CO.'S  ART  PRINTERY, 
BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 


